英语句子七种基本成分

英语句子七种基本成分
英语句子七种基本成分

英语句子七种基本成分

英语句子有七种基本成分分别为:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语。这七种成分中,主语、谓语、宾语、表语及补语为句子主杆,定语、状语为分枝,与汉语有点相近。汉语中没有表语,因为汉语中的名词和形容词是可以作谓语的,而英语中名词与形容词是不可以的,英语中的名词和形容词只能跟在连系动词后作表语,构成系表结构相当于谓语。

一.主语:句子的主体,可以由名词、代词、非限定动词(过去分词除外)、相当于名词、代词的短语或从句(主语从句)来充当。

Englishisalanguagespokenallovertheworld.(名词)

Idon'tlikethewayyouspeak.(代词)

Tomasteralanguageisnotasdifficultasitissaid.(非限定动词短语)Whathesaidmadehisfriendunhappy.(从句)

二.谓语:主体的行为、动作或状态,由限定动词来充当。情态动词和助动词不能单独构成谓语,助动词必须和主动词一起构成复合谓语,情态动词要与不带“to”的不定式一起构成复合谓语。

Thepolicefinallyfoundthemissingboy.(单个动词作谓语)Iwasdoingmyhomeworkalldayyesterday.(复合谓语)

Youcan'texpecttheworldthewayyouwant.(复合谓语)

三.宾语:主体行为动作的对象或内容,可以由名词、代词、非限定动词(过去分词除外)、相当于名词、代词的短语或从句(宾语从句)来充当。Theyarelookingforabetterwaytocutdownthecost.(名词短语)Mostchildrenenjoyplayinggames.(非限定动词短语)Canyoutellmewhyyoudidnotcometoschoolyesterday?(从句)

四.定语:对句中的名词或代词起修饰或限定作用,由名词、形容词、非限定动词、短语或从句(定语从句)来充当。

Wehavemoreboystudentsthangirlstudentsinourclass.(名词)Dolphinisoneofthemostbeautifulcreaturesunderwater.(形容词)AdoctorfromBeijingwillbearrivingtomorrow.(介词短语)Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoneydiscoveredinthelibrary.(过去分词短语)IstillrememberthedayswhenIlivedinthecountrysidewithmygrandparents.(定语从句)

五.状语:对句子中的动词、形容词、副词乃至整个句子起修饰作用表明事物的状态或逻辑关系,可以由副词、非限定动词、短语或从句(状语从句)充当。Soundtravelsmuchfasterthananairplanebutlighttravelsevenfasterthansound.(修饰动词和副词)

Sheisextremelybeautifulinthisdress.(修饰形容词)WhenIwasyoungIusedtoreadfairytales.(修饰句子)

六.补语:对句中的宾语起补充说明作用,也叫宾语补语,可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、非限定动词或短语来充当。

Wemadehimcaptainofourfootballteam.(名词)Theworkersfounditimpossibletofinishtheprojectintwoweeks(形容词)Whenshewokeupatmidnightshefoundthelightstillon.(副词)

Marythoughtshehadn’tmadethestudentsunderstandingherclearly.(非限定动词)七.表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态,可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、非限定动词或短语及从句(表语从句)来充当。SocialnetworkingsareavailabletoallstudentsinChinatoday.(形容词)Acomputermouseisnotasmallanimalthatlivesinbuildingsandopenfields.(名词短语)Seeingisbelieving.(非限定动词)

Whatshecouldn'tunderstandwaswhyfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.(表语从句)

英语句子的基本成分

英语的基本成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分,句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语等。 1主语subject 主语是一个句子的主体,表示所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首,有时在特殊句型中主语放在据某。可作主语的词有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词等。 (1)名词或名词短语作主语 The students are playing volleyball now. Beijing is the capital of China. The shoe shop is next to the supermarket. (2)代词作主语 I go to school by bus. (3)数词作主语 Four and five is nine. (4)动词不定式或不定式短语作主语 To read in the sun is bad for your eyes. (5)动名词作主语 (6)从句作主语 That you forget to tell me the time for meeting caused me lots of trouble. 2谓语predicate: 谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所处的状态。指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常由动词的各种形式或动词短语来充当,并且必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。谓语有广义和狭义之分,广义的谓语指主语之外包括动词在内的部分,狭义的谓语仅仅指动词。

(1)动词或动词短语作谓语 She likes drawing. I go to school at 6 on Mondays. (2)情态动词+动词原形作谓语 You should be good with your friends. (3)系动词+表语充当谓语 The skirt felt soft. 3表语predicative: 表语是和系动词一起构成复合谓语的词或短语。表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态。表语常由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当。作表语的名词、数词和代词,其数必须与主语保持一致。 (1)名词作表语 (2)代词作表语 (3)数词作表语 (4)形容词表语 (5)分词表语 Seeing is believing.眼见为实 (6)动名词表语 (7)动词不定式表语 (8)介词短语表语 (9)副词作表语 Jim is over there. (10)从句作表语

英语句子成分和英语句子结构

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练 习 主语(subject ):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) Tvventy years is a short time in history.(数词) To see is to believe ? (不定式) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It 形式主语,主语从句是真正主 语) 谓语(predicate ):说明主语的动作、状态和特 征。 表语(predicative ):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 Seventy-four! You don' t look it.(代词) Five and five is ten.(数词) He is asleep.(形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My v/atch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To v/ear a flower is to say " I' m poor, I can' t buy a ring.(不;卫式) The question is v/hether they vnll come. (表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be, sound (听起来),look (看起来),feel (摸起来,smell (闻起来),taste (尝、吃起来), remain (保持,仍是),feel (感觉)??? 宾语: 1) 动作的承受者动宾 I like China.(名词) He hates you.(代词) How many do you need? We need two ?(数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动需词) I hope to see you again.(不立式) Did you write dov/n v/hat he said?(宾语从句) 2) 介词后的名词、代词和动名词…介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks ? 3) 双宾语…-间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn' t come here.(名) We will make them happy.(形容词)We found nobody in.(副词) We study English. He is asleep. He likes dancing. Seeing is believing ? What he needs is a book. (代词) (动名词) (主语从 He is a teacher. (名词) It sou nds a good idea ? Her voice sounds sweet ? The food smells delicious. The door remains open. The sou nd sounds stra nge. Tbm looks thin. The food tastes good ? Nov/1 feel tired.

英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾 语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下: 1.S十V句式 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: He runs quickly.他跑得快。 They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out.煤气用完了。 My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。 2.S十V十P句式 在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc.花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still.他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: He looked me up and down.他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant.他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish.他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town.他们在家乡种水稻。 He's got a chair to sit on.他有椅子坐。

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳

英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:S V(主+谓) 二:S V P(主+系+表) 三:S V O(主+谓+宾) 四:S V O O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型:S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

英语句子成分和英语句子结构

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语: 1)动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)We will make them happy. (形容词)We found nobody in. ( 副词) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语)Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式) His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式) Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词)I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词)

英语句子成分

英语句子成分 句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种: 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、 状语(adverbial) 补语(complement) 主语(Subject): 一.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。 可由1.名词、2.代词、3.数词、4.名词化的形容词(如the rich)5.不定式、6.动名词、7.主语从句等表示。 练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面划横线,并说出由什么充当 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true 二. 谓语(Predicate):谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。 1)简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. 2) 复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。 We are students. 注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。 练习3 .填入动词的适当形式。 1).Fifty miles _______ ( be ) not a great distance . 2). He ______________ ( marry ) for three years . 3). A lot of trees ____________ ( must , plant ) on the hills . 4). The woman did ______ ( stay ) at home last Sunday . 5). So fast _____ light ______ ( travel ) that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed . 三.表语表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习4. 划出下列句中的表语, 并说明有什么充当。 1)Our teacher of English is an American. 2)Is it yours? 3)The weather has turned cold. 4)The speech is exciting. 5)Three times seven is twenty one? 6)His job is to teach English. 7)His hobby(爱好)is playing football. 8)The machine must be under repairs. 9)The truth is that he has never been abroad. 注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。 1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher. 2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: He always kept silent at meeting. 3)表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如: He seems (to be) very sad. 注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。 4)感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5)变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如: He became mad after that. 6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表示"证明","变成"之意,例如: The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. 练习5 .用所给词的正确形式填空 1).The news sounds __________ ( inspire ) 2).We are __________ ( interest ) in the story . 3). My work is ______ ( clean ) the classroom tomorrow morning 4).The people in the city are very __________ . ( happiness) 5).That is his book . The one on the desk is _________ ( my ) . 四. 宾语(Object):宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 练习6. 划出下列句中的宾语, 并说明有什么充当。 1)They planed many trees yesterday.

英语句子结构和成分详解

第一章句子成分和简单句基本句型 一、句子成分 构成篇章的基本单位是句子,组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分都是由单词、短语或从句充 其中,主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的修饰部分。 二、充当句子成分的各种形式 主语:主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来担任。 1.名词 All efforts will be in vain if we can‘t learn English by practicing repeatedly. 如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语,所有的努力将付之东流。 2.数词 Two thirds of them can play more than one musical instrument.他们中有2/3的人不只能演奏一种乐器。 3.代词 Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案? 4.不定式 To see is to believe.眼见为实 It‘s an honor to make a speech here. 在这里发言我很荣幸。 5.动名词 In my opinion, cloning should be dealt with carefully. 我认为应该慎重对待克隆。 6.名词化的形容词或分词 The old should be respected.老人因该受到尊重。 The disabled will receive more money. 残疾人会收到更多的钱。 7.名词性短语 The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.老师和同学们要去参观博物馆。 8.主语从句 What he said didn‘t agree with what he did. 他的言行不一。 主语从句常使用it 作形式主语。 It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny‘s birthday party or not. It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那儿时,碰巧他不在。 考查对句中主语的确定 【技巧点拨】 1.对句中主语的考查通常出现在强调句型中,即― It is/ was + 主语(强调部分)+ that+谓语部分‖。注意充当主语的应该是名词、代词、名词性词组或名词性从句。动词原形,介词词组或一个具有完整意义但缺少连词的简单句都是不能充当主语的。 2.句中的主语直接决定了谓语动词的单复数。对主语的确定不能被一些表象所迷惑。尤其要能辨识下面这种现象,即当主语后面跟有as well as, along with, together with, like ,but, except, in addition to 等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。 It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons. A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played

英语中句子7种成分

英语中主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语 第一:英语中的“主语” 1. 主语的含义: 主语即“动作的发出者”(主谓宾结构中)或者“表述的对象”(主系表结构中),一般放在句首,有时也放在中间或者句尾。充当主语的可以是名词、代词;也可以是短语、不定式;甚至可以是整个句子。所以,在找主语的时候,脑子里一定要有这些认知。 2. 充当主语的有哪些? (1)名词/代词/数词做主语 (2)不定式/名词化短语做主语 (3)从句做主语(即主语从句) 从句做主语的句子,就是我们学过的“主语从句”。主语从句可以由连词that/whether引导;也可以由关系代词what/who/which引导;还可以由连接副词how/when/why/where引导。

详情如下: (4)有时为了避免头重脚轻,经常会借助“it”充当形式主语,而真正的主语则放在句尾: (5)“There be …”句型 “there be…”比较特殊。在这种句型中,主语的位置在中间。比如: There are six beautiful French ladies walking on the street. 大街上有六位漂亮的法国女郎在散步。 第二:英语中的“谓语” 1. 含义: 谓语是句子的灵魂,主要用来“陈述主语的状态”或者“表明主语发出 的动作”。 2. 分类:简单谓语复合谓语 (1)简单谓语:由一个动词或者一个动词短语构成谓语; I love my girlfriend. 我爱我的女朋友。

My boss stayed up late last night. 我的老板昨晚熬夜了。 2)复合谓语: ①情态动词/助动词+动词构成 ②系动词+表语构成 ③情态动词+系动词: 第三:英语中的“宾语”

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解和练习试题

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 ?主语+不及物动词She came.. ?主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English. ?主语+系动词+主语补语 ?She is happy. ?主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ?She gave John a book. ?She bought a book for me. ?主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语 ?She makes her mother angry. ?The teacher asked me to read the passage. ?(There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 ?名/代--动词--名/代 ?we-- saw --you. ?we-- did --the work. ?主系表 ?名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词 ?you are beautiful ?you seems worried. ?you are a stufent.

?相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种: ?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 ?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 ?如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) ?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 ?如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) ?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 ?如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 ?如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) ?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 ?如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) ?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习 一、句子的基本结构(5种) 1、主语+谓语(s+v) 2、主语+系动词+表语(s+l+p) 3、主语+谓语+宾语(s+v+o) 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语(指人)+直接宾语(指物) (s+v+io+do) 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(s+v+o+c) 二、句子成分:(主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语) 1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east () He likes dancing. () Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. () To see is to believe.() What he needs is a book.() It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.() (一)指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficu lt. 2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词 组担任,放在主语的后面。We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

英语句子成分的划分及练习

句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成 分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject )、 谓语(predicate )、表语(predicative )、宾语 (object )、定语(attribute )、状语(adverbial)和补语(complement )。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各 种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如 下: - *■.S V(主+谓) ? -*■ S V P (主+系+表) -■. . SV O (主+谓+宾) 四:SV0O (主+谓+ 间宾+直宾) 五:SV O C (主+谓+ 宾+宾补) 基本句型一 *■ . S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词 (如boy ),主格代词(如you),动 词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句 首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分 家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语 时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语 之后。不及物动词(vi. )没有 宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即 句子的谓语动词都能表 达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动 词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。 s I V (不及物动词)

1. The sun I was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon I rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe I remains. 宇宙长存。 4. Weall I breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who I cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said I does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么 关系。 7. They I talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen I writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利 基本句型二:S V P (主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词 (种类)。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem 等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn 等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义, 只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动 词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/ 面色 好,sound nice/ 听起来不错,feel good/ 感觉好,smell bad/ 难闻 S |V(是系动词)| P 1. This I is I an English-Chinese dictionary.

英语句子成分与结构教案

目标满分班名师培优精讲 第1 讲 【教学标题】 英语句子成分 【教学目标】 让学生完全掌握英语句子的成分问题,使学生能够更好的理解句子结构 【教学重点】 1.句子成分的划分 2.句子的主要成分 3.句子的次要成分 4.作各个成分相应的词性 【教学难点】 1.句子的主要成分 2.状语的识别 3.定语的识别 4.宾语补足语 【教学内容】 句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。 句子成分有主要成分和次要成分:主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 A.主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当.

例如: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) The students all love their English teacher. We often speak English in class.(代词) They go to school by bus. One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) To see is to believe. Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. It’s no use regretting it. The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)B.谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语,不能作谓语。 一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当。 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态),行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语,又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 (1)、及物动词作谓语 We should help each other.

英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外,主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语(Predicate)谓语表示主语的动作或状态,分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成;复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语(Predicative)在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语(Object)宾语是动作行为的对象,说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语(Object Complement)是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F.定语(Attribute)定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ssister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G.状语(Adverbial)用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分: 1.Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2.I have a lot to say on this matter. 3.Please give me some advice. 4.She is quite all right now. 5. A lonely person is always alone. 6. A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.

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