have 用法小结

have 用法小结
have 用法小结

have 的用法小结

一、have作实意动词。

1.表示“有”的意思。

Look, I have wings, just like you. (JBⅤL1)

He had fair hair and blue eyes. (JBⅥL2) 〔注1〕:其否定和疑问形式变化,在美国通常用助动词do。

〔注2〕:在英国口语中常用have got代替have.

Look, can't you see I've got teeth, too,(JBⅤL1)

I haven't got any jewelry.(SBⅠL5)

2.have和一些其他名词连用,表示:

(1)一种活动。

We have no classes on Sunday.(上课)(JBⅡL11)

they're going to have a volleyball match.(举行比赛)(JBⅢL11)

Are we going to have a meeting this week?(开会)(JBⅢL11)

We are going to have a talk this afternoon.(听报告)(JBⅢL11)

(2)患病。

I have got a headache.(JBⅣL8)

I have a bad cold.(JBⅤL3)

(3)发生的情况。

I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.(跌跤)(JBⅣL10)

(4)生育。

The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.(SBⅠL14)

3.和一与动词同形的名词连用,表示一个动作(have+a+由动词转化和名词)。

Are you going to have a swim.(JBⅢL1)

I have a long talk with the teacher.(JBⅣL10)

4.have on sth.或have sth. on,表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。

I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.(SBⅡL6)

At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on.

5.表示“吃”、“喝”。

I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.(JBⅢL10)

Does she have lunch at home?(JBⅡL11)

6.组成复合结构即“have+宾语+宾语补足语”。

(1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.),表示让、叫某人做某事。

The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(SBⅠL17)

〔注〕:否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”.

We won't have you blame it on others.

She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.

(2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing),表示让(使)某人做某事。

…the two men had their lights burning all night long….

(3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done),表示:

①使(让,请)别人作某事,表示的动作是别人做的。

Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.(SBⅠL10)

L8) Ⅰprocession.(SBgreat coming the for cloth splendid this of made clothes ew nhave should …he

②遭遇到某事。

Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken.(SBⅠL12) Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.(SB ⅠL12)

二、have与to一起构成情态动词,表示“不得不”、“必

须”,可用于各种时态。

I have to look after her at home.(JBⅢL4)

三、have做助动词与动词的过去分词一起构成现在完成时

和过去完成时。

Great changes have taken place the last two years.(JBⅥL3)

They said that the Arab had stolen their camel.(JBⅤL4)

四、have用于“情态动词+have+过去分词”的结构,有

推测、假设之意。

1.must+have+过去分词,表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况的推测,一般用于肯定句。

Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.(SBⅠL10)

You must have left your bag in the theatre.

2.can(could)+have+过去分词,表示对过去发生事情的“不肯定”,常用于否定句和疑问句。

He can't have been to your home, he doesn't know your address.

3.should+have+过去分词,表示“某事本该早做而实际未做”,用于肯定句。

You should have been here five minutes ago.(SBⅡL10)

五、have用于某些成语,表示固定的意思。

1.have a word(a few words)with sb.,表示和某人说一(几)句话。

Where's Peter? I want to have a word with him.(SBⅢL13)

2.had better+不带to的动词不定式,表示“…最好…”。

I'd better go and look for him now.(JBⅢL2)

3.have nothing(something)to do with,表示“和…无(有)”关系。

Most of questions had nothing to do with Edison's lessons.

动词have是中学英语课本中出现频率较高的一个普通单词。它既可以作及物动词,也可以用作助动词,其基本意义是“有、拿、受、取、吃、喝、让……”。大多数同学对have表示某人或某物拥有某物的用法比较熟悉。例如:

I have a new pencil-box.

He has two coats.

A desk has four lezs.

但对have的使役用法却知之甚少,或者说对这种用法掌握得还不太好。下面就让我们通过例句来阐明动词have的使役用法。请看下面的例句:

1.He had me mend his bike.

他请我给他修理自行车。

2.The old man had a small house built, for him.

那位老人让人为他建一个小房子。

3.The naughty boy may have me hit.

那个调皮的男孩可能会让人打我。

4.The teacher had the naughty boy standing outside the classroom.

老师叫那位调皮的男孩站在教室外面。

5.I have my friend waiting for me.

我有朋友在等着我。

6.You should have her here.

你应该要她到这里来。

上述例句中的have表示“使、让、请”等意思。除例6中的have之外,其他例句中的have 都失去了它原来的“具有”、“拥有”之慈。便役动词have的这类用法可以大致归纳为如下几种句式:

A.have sb do sth

B.have sth or sb done

C.have sb or sth doing

D.have sb or sth+adv

以上四种句式有一个共同点,就是have后都接了一个复合宾语结构,而不同之处就在这个复合宾语结构的构成上,当然意义是各不相同的。句式A:have sb do sth,其意为“要(请)某人干某事”,宾语是人,宾语补足语是不带to的不定式。句式B:have sth or sb done,其意是:“使某事(由某人)来完成”,或“使某人被……”。宾语一般是物,也可以是人,宾语补足语是过去分词。句式c:have sb or sth doing,其意是“允许某人(物)做某事”,另外一层意思是“有某人(物)在干某事”。宾语可以是人,也可以是物,宾语补足语为现在分词。句式D:have sb or sth+adv,可以看作是句式A、B的变形,只是把动词原形或过去分词省略了。宾语可以是人,也可以是物,宾语补足语是副词(表示地点或方向的)。

句式A和句式B所表达的意思基本相同,只是前者强调的是人(让某人做某事),后者强调的是物(“使某事由某人来做”),此时行为者可以不出现。请分析并比较下面的例句:Please have the boys sweep the road.

Please have the road swept (by the boys).

请让那些男孩打扫一下马路。

Mr Wang will have his students clean the desks in the classroom.

Mr Warg will have the desks cleaned(by his students)in theclassroom.

王先生要他的学生来擦洗教室里的课桌。

时,宾语补足语要用have中的A代替句式get来代替,但是用get都可以用have中的B和句式A句式

带t0的不定式,即get sb to do sth。例如上面两个例句可写成:

Please get the .boys to fweep the road.

Mr whng will get his students to clean thedesks in the classroom.

但在表示理发时要特别注意,应该是:

You ought to have(get) your hair cut.

根据以上所述,句式C有两层意思:①有人(物)在做某事;②许可某人(物)做某事。即动词have在这种句式中可能有“具有”(own或possess)的意思。这要根据情况而定,不能生搬硬套。

He has his son waiting for the guest.

他让儿子在等客人。

We have some friends waiting for us upstairs.

我们有几位朋友在楼上等着我们。

Tom said that he had lots of friends coming,

汤姆说他有许多朋友要来。

以上各句中的have都有着这个动词的原意“具有”,即有着某种情况的意思,而没有“使做”的意思,所以,严格说起来,不属于使役用法。但在表示第二层意思的时候,动词have有“允许”或“容忍”的意思,则属于使役的用法,一般用在否定句中。这时,动词have往往可以用allow,let等词代替。例如,

His mother can't have him doing anything.=His mother can't allowhim to do anything。

他的母亲不让他做任何事情。(注意宾语补足语的不同形式。)

Miss.Gao frill hot, have her students smoking in the classroom.

高老师不让她的学生在教室里抽烟。

Mr, Li won't have his wife saying such bad things to her col-

李先生不容许他的妻子讲她同事的坏话。

句式D(have sb or sth+adv)其实是句型A、B的变形。例如:

Do remember to have the boy here.=Do remember to have the come here.

记住把那个男孩带到这儿来。

注意,句式B(have sth or sb done)中的have也未必都是主观意志的“被动”的意思,也就是说不一定都表示主语的意志或吩咐,有时只说明主语的“被动”情况,此时具有suffer或be affected in some way的意思。关于这一点可以通过举例来加以论证,虽说下列例句同句式B一样,但动词have不是“使做”而是“被动”的意思。可以通过举例来阐述此层含义。stolen. purse his had Green 1.Mr

格林先生的钱包被窃去了。(被动)

2.James has his bike mended.

詹姆斯请人把自行车修好了。(使做)

3.Mr Wang has his shoes worn out.

王先生的鞋子给穿破了。(被动)

4.He has such long hair,he should have his hair cut.

他的头发那么长了,应该理发了。(使做)

我们要想了解动词have的使役用法。不仅要掌握它的基本词意和[句式,更要在英语学习中结合不同的语境,勤分析,多思考,这样才能达到对hays的熟练使用。

have是英语中一个非常重要的动词,被戏称为“灵魂动词”或“魔鬼动词”。因其在不同的词组中,具有不同的含义,语法上称这类词为兼类词。现将have的用法简要归纳如下:

一、表示“有”“拥有”的意思时,强调“所属关系”。其主语常为“人或物”。如:

My father has many new books.我爸爸有许多新书。

I have a new computer.我有一台新电脑。

【注】there be句型表示“有”时强调“某处有某人或某物”,其用法此处不再详述。

二、“have+表示一日三餐的名词”,意为“用餐”。如:have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早饭/午饭/晚饭。

三、“have+表示食品、饮料等名词”,意为“吃;喝”。如:have (some) bread吃面包,have eggs (for breakfast)

(早餐)吃鸡蛋,have (a cup of) tea 喝(一杯)茶。

四、“have+表示动作的名词”,没有固定的意思,常与表示动作的名词同义。如:

have a rest 休息一下

have a swim 游泳

have a drink (of...)喝一点(……)

have a look (at ...)(朝……)看一眼

五、“have+表示某种活动的名词”,意为“进行,举行”。如:

have a class (学生) 上课

have a birthday party 举行生日聚会

have+宾语+过去分词

A想对I employed someone to do something for me(我雇用了某人为我做事)这一类句子作更简洁的表达时,可以用这种结构:即不说I employed someone to clean my car,而说I had my car cleaned(我叫人擦了车子)。又如不说I got a man to sweep my chimneys(这里got= paid/persuaded 等),而说I had my chimneys swept(我叫人通了烟囱)。

过去分词,否则意思就变了:+宾语have+注意必须用

He had his hair cut.

他理了发。相当于:

He employed someone to do it.

他雇人理发。

但是:

He had cut his hair.(过去完成时)

他自己理了发。(在说话之前的某个时刻他自己给自己理了发)

have这样用时,其否定式和疑问式的现在时和过去时都要用

do来构成:

-Do you have your windows cleaned evny month?

-I don't have them cleaned;I clean them myself.

-你每月都要叫人擦窗户吗?

-我不叫别人擦,我自己擦。

He was talking about having central heating put in.Did he have it put in in the end?

他那会儿总说要找人装暖气。到底装上了没有?

这种结构可以用于进行时态:

I can't ask you to dinner this week as I am having my house painted at the moment.

这一周我不能请你来吃饭了,因为现在我正让人刷房子呢。

While I was having my hair done the police towed away my car.

我(让人)做头发时,警察把我的汽车拖走了。

The house is too small and he is having a room built on.

房子太小了,他正叫人添盖一个房间。

get能够像have一样用于上述句中,但更口语化。句中提到完成动作的那个人的时候,也可以用get:

She got him to dig away the snow.

她让他把雪挖走。(她雇/说服他……)

(have与不带to的不定式连用也能起同样的作用,如She hadhim dig away the snow。但在

英国英语中get结构要常用得多。)

B have+宾语+过去分词结构在口语中可以用来代替常表示意外或不幸遭遇的被动态动词。如His fruit was

stolen before hehad a chance to pick it(他树上的果子还没来得及摘就被人偷掉了)可由He had his fruit stolen before

he had a chance topick it来代替。Two of his teeth were knoceked out in the fight(他的两颗牙在打架中被打掉了)可由He had two of his teethknocked out…来代替。

在本节A中,可以看到主语是命令别人做某事的人,而在这儿,主语则是承受行为结果的人。这里主语也可以是物:

The houses had their roofs ripped off by the gale.

房子被狂风掀掉了屋顶。

这里也可以用get代替have:

The cat got her tail singed through sitting too near the fire.

猫坐得太靠近炉火,尾巴上的毛被烤焦了。

had better+不带to的不定式

这里had是指不真实的过去;其含义是现在或将来时:

I had/I'd better ring him at once/tomorrow.

我最好还是现在/明天就给他打电话。

其否定式是在better之后加上not:

You had better not miss the last bus.

你最好不要误了最后一班公共汽车。(误了这趟车是不明智的或者我劝你/提醒你不要误了这趟车。)

had通常在代词后用缩略形式,在口语中有时轻读甚至弱读到将近听不到的地步。

had better通常不用于普通的疑问式,但有时用于否定疑问式,作为一种劝告句式:

Hadn't you better ask him first?

你先问一下他不更好吗?相当于:

Wouldn't it be a good thing to ask him first?

是不是先问一下他比较好?

you had better是一种很有用的劝告句式:

You had better fly.

你最好是乘飞机走。(我劝你乘飞机走。)

在间接引语中,had better与第一、第三人称连用时保持不变,与第二人称连用时可以保持不变,或者转述为advise+宾语+不定式:

He said,‘I had better hurry.'

他说:“我最好快一点。”相当于:

He said(that)he'd better hurry.

他说他最好快一点。

He said,‘Ann had better hurry.'

他说:“安最好快一点。”相当于:

He said(that)Ann had better hurry.

他说安最好快一点。

He said,‘You'd better hurry.

他说:“你最好快一点。”相当于:

He said(that)I'd better hurry.

他说我最好快一点。

He advised me to hurry.

他劝我快一点。

have+宾语+现在分词

A 这种说法常常和表示将来某段时间的短语连用:

I'll have you driving in three days.

我将使你在三天之内学会开车。(由于我的努力,过三天你就学会开汽车了。)

但也可以用于过去时和现在时:

He had them all dancing.

他使得他们全都跳起舞来。(他教/说服他们都跳舞。)

.I have them all talking to each other

我使得他们全都相互交谈起来。(我鼓励/说服他们都相互交谈起来。)

这种结构也可以用于疑问式:

Will you really have her driving in three days?

你真的能在三天之内就教会她开车吗?

但通常不用于否定式。

B If you give all-night parties you'll have the neighbours complaining.

你如果举办通宵晚会,会搞得邻居们都抱怨你的。(邻居们将抱怨你的。)

If film-stars put their numbers in telephone books they'd have everyone ring them up.

电影明星们如果把他们的电话号码列入电话簿,就会招致所有的人给他们打电话。(人人都会/不断地给他们打电话)。

在第一例句中you'll have表达了这样的意思:“你将遭到这样的事”。同样,在第二句中they'd have含有这样的意思:“他们会遭到这样的事”。

If you don't put a fence round your garden you'll have people walking inand stealing your fruit.如果你不把你的果园用篱笆围起来,人们会走进来偷摘果子。(人们将走进来/不断进来偷摘果子,即:你要遭到这类事。)

这种结构可以用于疑问句或否定句中:

When they move that bus stop you won't have people sitting on your steps waiting for the bus any more.

那个公共汽车站迁走之后,再不会有人坐在你的台阶上等公共汽车了。

这种结构主要用于对have的主语来说是不愉快的行为,就如以上的例句所表示的那样。但也可用在并非不愉快的场合:

When he became famous,he had people stopping him in the street and asking for his

With的用法全解

With的用法全解 with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、 with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下: 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词; 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词; 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语; 4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式; 5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。 下面分别举例: 1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)

2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语) 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语)He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语) 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语) Without anything left in the with结构是许多英 语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 二、with结构的用法 with是介词,其意义颇多,一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪,以教材中的句子为例,进行分类,并配以简单的解释。在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。 1.带着,牵着…… (表动作特征)。如: Run with the kite like this.

by的用法总结

by的用法小结: 1、介词prep. 在…旁;靠近 · Our teacher was sitting by the window. 我们的老师正坐在窗户旁边。 · Stand by me! 站到我的身旁来! · We spent our holiday by the sea. 我们在海边度假。 2、介词prep. 经过 · He walked by me without speaking. 他走过我的身旁,没有说话。 · My brother goes by the building every day. 我弟弟每天从这楼旁走过。 3、介词prep. 用;靠;通过 using (showing who or what did something) · I know it by heart. 我把它记在心头。 · They can read by touch. 他们可以通过手摸来阅读。 · By getting up early, I can have an hour for reading English in the morning. 靠起得早,我每天早晨有一小时时间阅读英语。 4、介词prep. 不迟于 not later than · I shall be back by 5 o'clock. 最迟五点我一定回来。 · How many English parties had you had by the end of last term? 到上学期末,你们举行了几次英语晚会? 5、介词prep. 通过;沿着 through; along; over

· We came through the fields, not by the road. 我们是穿过田野而不是沿那条路来的。· to send a letter by post 通过邮局寄信 6、介词prep. (表示作者)被;由 word that shows the author, painter, etc. · Thirty divided by two is fifteen. 三十除以二得十五。 · The child was saved by a PLA man. 这孩子是由一位解放军战士救活的。 · This bridge was built by the soldiers. 这座桥是士兵们造的。 7、介词prep. (指交通等)乘;用 word that shows what kind of transport, etc. · The man came by bus. 那人是坐公共汽车来的。 · They went to Shanghai by air. 他们坐飞机去上海。 8、介词prep. 在…情况下;在…时间during · Do you prefer travelling by day or by night? 你喜欢在白天还是在夜晚旅行? 9、介词prep. (表示部分)在…部位word that shows which part · She led the child by the hand. 她拉着孩子的手往前走。 10、副词adv. 在旁边

with用法归纳

with用法归纳 (1)“用……”表示使用工具,手段等。例如: ①We can walk with our legs and feet. 我们用腿脚行走。 ②He writes with a pencil. 他用铅笔写。 (2)“和……在一起”,表示伴随。例如: ①Can you go to a movie with me? 你能和我一起去看电影'>电影吗? ②He often goes to the library with Jenny. 他常和詹妮一起去图书馆。 (3)“与……”。例如: I’d like to have a talk with you. 我很想和你说句话。 (4)“关于,对于”,表示一种关系或适应范围。例如: What’s wrong with your watch? 你的手表怎么了? (5)“带有,具有”。例如: ①He’s a tall kid with short hair. 他是个长着一头短发的高个子小孩。 ②They have no money with them. 他们没带钱。 (6)“在……方面”。例如: Kate helps me with my English. 凯特帮我学英语。 (7)“随着,与……同时”。例如: With these words, he left the room. 说完这些话,他离开了房间。 [解题过程] with结构也称为with复合结构。是由with+复合宾语组成。常在句中做状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形: 1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词 此时,现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。 例如:1)With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。(原因状语) 2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。(伴随情况) 2.with+名词(或代词)+过去分词 此时,过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。

(完整版)by的用法总结.doc

by 的用法小: 1、介prep. 在?旁;靠近 ·Our teacher was sitting by the window. 我的老正坐在窗旁。 ·Stand by me! 站到我的身旁来! ·We spent our holiday by the sea. 我在海度假。 2、介prep. ·He walked by me without speaking. 他走我的身旁,没有。 ·My brother goes by the building every day. 我弟弟每天从楼旁走。 3、介prep. 用;靠;通 using (showing who or what did something) ·I know it by heart. 我把它在心。 ·They can read by touch. 他可以通手摸来。 ·By getting up early, I can have an hour for reading English in the morning. 靠起得早,我每天早晨有一小英。 4、介prep. 不于 not later than ·I shall be back by 5 o'clock. 最五点我一定回来。 ·How many English parties had you had by the end of last term? 到上学期末,你行了几次英晚会? 5、介prep. 通;沿着 through; along; over ·We came through the fields, not by the road. 我是穿田野而不是沿那条路来的。 ·to send a letter by post 通局寄信 6、介prep. (表示作者)被;由

with用法小结

with用法小结 一、with表拥有某物 Mary married a man with a lot of money . 马莉嫁给了一个有着很多钱的男人。 I often dream of a big house with a nice garden . 我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。 The old man lived with a little dog on the lonely island . 这个老人和一条小狗住在荒岛上。 二、with表用某种工具或手段 I cut the apple with a sharp knife . 我用一把锋利的刀削平果。 Tom drew the picture with a pencil . 汤母用铅笔画画。 三、with表人与人之间的协同关系 make friends with sb talk with sb quarrel with sb struggle with sb fight with sb play with sb work with sb cooperate with sb I have been friends with Tom for ten years since we worked with each other, and I have never quarreled with him . 自从我们一起工作以来,我和汤姆已经是十年的朋友了,我们从没有吵过架。 四、with 表原因或理由 John was in bed with high fever . 约翰因发烧卧床。 He jumped up with joy . 他因高兴跳起来。 Father is often excited with wine . 父亲常因白酒变的兴奋。 五、with 表“带来”,或“带有,具有”,在…身上,在…身边之意

have has的用法

have和has的用法有哪些 1、谓语动词have表示“有”,有两种形式:have和has,前者用于第一人称(I,we),第二人称(you)和第三人称复数(they),后者用于第三人称单数(he,she,it)或单数名词。 如:I have an apple and he has two bananas.我有一个苹果,他有两个香蕉。 2、have/has句型与there be句型的比较:两者都表示“有”,但用法不同。前者表示所属关系,即表示“某人或某物有什么”,而后者表示存在,表示“某地有什么”。 如:They have some new books.他们有一些新书。 3、have/ has的否定句,一般要加助动词do/does,再加not构成,即do not have (don’t have)/does not have (doesn’t have) 如:We don’t have any classes on Saturday.我们星期六没有课。 4、一般疑问句由“助动词Do/ Does + 主语+ have + 宾语”构成,回答用Yes, … do/ does.或者No, … don’t/ doesn’t. 如:--Do you have a big house?他们的房子大吗? 5、特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词+助动词do/does+have(+状语)构成。 如:What do they have?他们有什么? 2have和has的区别 have一般在主语是I,you或主语是复数的时候用,而has在主语是he,she 的时候用,但have都表示“有”。have用于主语是非第三人称单数,如:we/they/you/I等。如:I have a pen.

(完整版)havesth.done等四种句型用法差异最全面总结

havesth.done等四种句型用法差异最全面总结 have sth. done,have sb. do , have sb./sth. doing与have sth. to do 等四种句型的区别 Thanks to: 许氏英语教学暨研究工作室 一、Have sth. done可表示四种不同的语法意义 (1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。 例:①I had(=got) that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。 ②I had(=got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。 (2)(主语)完成某事(可能参与)。 例:①they are going to have (=got) some threes planted.他们打算植些树。 ②we must have (=got) the work finished by Tuesday.我们必 须在星期二以前完成此项工作。 (3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。 例:①I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被(风)吹掉了。 ②I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。

(4) 用于否定句中,表示“不允许….”“不让”。 例:①I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。 ②I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。 二、have sb. do表示四种含意 (1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。可以用“get sb. to do”结构来替换。 例:①I had him repair my bike. (=I got him to repair my bike.)我请他修理自行车。 ②Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。 (2)表示主语无意识的行为,这时“have”作“有”解。例:These small animals seem glad to have people visit them. (3)表示主语“经历”某事。 例:He had his mother die.他遭丧母。 (4)在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。 例:I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允许你说她这样的话。 三、have sb./sth. doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。(1)在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”,“让某情况发生”之意,含有动作正在进行之意。 例:①he soon had them all laughing. 他很快让他们都笑了起

by用法的练习题

by用法的练习题 1. Come and sit _______ (我旁边). 2. There is a big tree _______ (在河边). 3. _______________ (到上星期日)I had finished the book . 4. Can you finish the work _____ (在五点之前). 5. Her mother goes to work ____ bus every morning. A.by B.at C.take D.o n 6.She came home _________ (乘飞机). 7.Did you make the desk ___________ (自己独自)? 8.She made a meal for her parents __________ (独自)for the first time. 9. _______________ (顺便问一下)how many people are there in your family? 10. You should know her ______________ (逐渐地). 11.Ice has been turned into water ___________ (受热). 12. ________________ (不久以后)more and more people bega n to study En glish . 13. he Great Wall was built ____________ (用手). 14. He makes a livi ng _________________ (通过教书). 15. -How do you lear n En glish? -I learn English ________________________ (通过向老师请教的方式). used to相关用法的练习题 一、翻译 1. 我妈妈习惯早起。 2. 王先生曾经是一位工人。 3. 他过去常常骑自行车上学。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空: 1. We used to _ (go )swimming last year. 2.1 am used to ___ (run)every morning. 3. Bamboos are used to _(build) houses there. 4. They have bee n used to ___ (live ) in the coun tryside. 三、根据汉语意思完成句子: 1.1 ___________________ the food here.(我习惯于吃这儿的食物。)

介词by用法归纳-九年级

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. . 教学过程 一、课堂导入 本堂知识是初中最常见的介词by的一个整理与总结,让学生对这个词的用法有一个系统的认识。页脚.

. . 二、复习预习 复习上一单元的知识点之后,以达到复习的效果。然后给学生一些相关的单选或其他类型题目,再老师没有讲解的情况下,让学生独立思考,给出答案与解释,促进学生发现问题,同时老师也能发现学生的盲点,并能有针对性地进行后面的讲课。 页脚.

. . 三、知识讲解 知识点1: by + v.-ing结构是一个重点,该结构意思是“通过……,以……的方式”,后面常接v.-ing形式,表示“通过某种方式得到某种结果”,即表示行为的方式或手段。 I practice speaking English by joining an English-language club. 我通过加入一个英语语言俱乐部来练习讲英语。 Mr Li makes a living by driving taxis.先生靠开出租车为生。 页脚.

. . 页脚. 介词by + v.-ing 结构常用来回答How do you...?或How can I...?之类的问题。 —How do you learn English? 你怎样学习英语呢? —I learn English by reading aloud. 我通过大声朗读来学英语。 —How can I turn on the computer? 我怎样才能打开电脑呢? —By pressing this button. 按这个按钮。 知识点2:by 是个常用介词,其他用法还有: 1【考查点】表示位置,意思是“在……旁边”,“靠近……”,有时可与beside互换。 The girls are playing by (beside) the lake. 女孩们正在湖边玩。 此时要注意它与介词near有所不同,即by 表示的距离更“近”。比较: He lives by the sea. 他住在海滨。 He lives near the sea. 他住在离海不远处。

With复合结构的用法小结

With复合结构的用法小结 with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述,以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。 一、with结构的构成 它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成,复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当,第二 部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下: 1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词; 2. with或without-名词/代词+副词; 3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语; 4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式; 5. with或without-名词/代词+分词。 下面分别举例: 1、She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语) 2、With the meal over ,we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语) 3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。(with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语。)The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand. 4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语)He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词+不定式,作条件状语) 5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词,作伴随状语)Without anything left in the cupboard,shewent out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为原因状语) 二、with结构的用法 在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。 With结构在句中也可以作定语。例如: 1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs. 2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water. 3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. 三、with结构的特点 1. with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在逻辑上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一部分作主语,第二部分作谓语,构成一个句子。例如:With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.)She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.)With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.) 2. 在with结构中,第一部分为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词。例如:He could not finish it without me to help him. 四、几点说明: 1. with结构在句子中的位置:with 结构在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、原因时一般放在

have和has-用法

have与has都是“有”的意思,但二者用法是有区别的. 在陈述句中,当主语是单数第三人称(he、she、it)时,句子的谓语是“有”时,用has;当主语是其他人称(I、you、we、they)时,句子的谓语是“有”时,用have. 例句:I \ You have an apple . We\They have some apples . He\She has a pen . 但是,在疑问句中,当主语是就单数第三人称提问或否定句时用助动词does 和does not (doesn't),然后把has 变成have 如果不是第三人称,助动词就是do ,否定式do not (don't).特殊疑问句回答照样,该是has 还是has 该是have 还是have 但是当一般疑问句以do 或does开头的时候,只能回答do dont 或者does doesn't 例句: Do you have a book yes ,I do /No ,I don't What does a cat have the cat has a , He doesnt have any coffee. 就是第二种:have本身也可以作为助动词,(作为完成时里的助动词)本身无词义,和do 一样,has 就相当于does 在单三情况下用,主要用于构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构.(那此时的have还是has就要看具体的人称而定)完成时态是have/had + done (过去分词的形式) I have finished my work,she has finished her work have you finished your work?has she finished her work?在一般疑问句里回答直接用have/has yes,i have/ No ,i haven't Yes,she has/ No,she hasn't(因为这里have/has是助动词) have 是动词原形i have,we have,you have,they have,to have...

Have的用法讲解

在英语单词中,have本身包含具体的词意"有",还可以用作助动词,这也是广大学生同胞们在做关于have的翻译疑问句时经常纠结的地方。更重要的是have可以和很多单词构成短语,下面我们就为同学全面归纳“have+宾语+非谓语动词”这一结构的用法。 一、have + 宾语+ 不定式 该结构中have的基本意思是“有” 1. 表示有某事要做,其中的不定式为定语。如: She didn’t have the courage to refuse. 她没有勇气拒绝。 2. 表示因为有A结果发生了B,其中的不定式为结果状语。如: I had the luck to find him at home. 我真幸运,找他时他正在家。 二、have + 宾语+ 动词原形 该结构中的动词原形,实为省略了to的不定式,用作宾语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。该结构的主要用法有: 1. 表示叫(请、使、让)某人做某事。如: He had his son clean the car. 他叫他的儿子擦车。 2. 表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句,尤与won’t, can’t连用)。如:

I won’t have you tell me what to do. 我不能让你对我做的事指手划脚。 三、have + 宾语+ 现在分词 该结构中的现在分词用作宾语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。该结构的主要用法有: 1. 表示使(让)某人(某事物)一直做在做某事或处于做某事的状态之中。如: She had her audience listening attentively. 她使听众听得入神。 2. 表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句,尤与won’t, can’t连用)。如: I won’t have you smoki ng at your age. 我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。 3. 说服或命令某人做某事。如: He had me doing all kinds of jobs for her. 他叫我为她做各种事情。 四、have + 宾语+ 过去分词 该结构的最大特点就是,其中的过去分词与其前的宾语有被动关系。具体说来,该结构有以下主要用法: 1. 表示请(让)别人做某事。如: We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。

have 的用法小结

专题之have 的用法小结 have作实意动词。一、 1.表示“有”的意思。 Look, I have wings, just like you. He had fair hair and blue eyes. 〔注1〕:其否定和疑问形式变化,在美国通常用助动词do。〔注2〕:在英国口语中常用have got代替have. 和一些其他名词连用,表示: (1)一种活动。 We have no classes on Sunday.(上课) they're going to have a volleyball match.(举行比赛) Are we going to have a meeting this week(开会) We are going to have a talk this afternoon.(听报告) (2)患病。 I have got a headache. 发生的情况。(3) I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.(跌跤) (4)生育。 The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer. 3.和一与动词同形的名词连用,表示一个动作(have+a+由动词转化和名词)。

Are you going to have a swim. I have a long talk with the teacher. on sth.或have sth. on,表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。 I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.(SBⅡL6) At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on. 5.表示“吃”、“喝”。 I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs. Does she have lunch at home? 。”+宾语+宾语补足语“have组成复合结构即6. (1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.),表示让、叫某人做某事。 The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 〔注〕:否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”. We won't have you blame it on others. She had never had anybody speak to her that way before. (2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing),表示让(使)某人做某事。 …the two men had their lights burning all night long…. (3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done),表示: ①使(让,请)别人作某事,表示的动作是别人做的。 Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up. …he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for

have用法小结

have 的用法小结 一、have作实意动词。 1.表示“有”的意思。 Look, I have wings, just like you. (JBⅤL1) He had fair hair and blue eyes. (JBⅥL2) 〔注1〕:其否定和疑问形式变化,在美国通常用助动词do。 〔注2〕:在英国口语中常用have got代替have. Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, too,(JBⅤL1) I haven't got any jewelry.(SBⅠL5) 2.have和一些其他名词连用,表示: (1)一种活动。 We have no classes on Sunday.(上课)(JBⅡL11) they’re going to have a volleyball match.(举行比赛)(JBⅢL11) Are we going to have a meeting this week?(开会)(JBⅢL11) We are going to have a talk this afternoon.(听报告)(JBⅢL11) (2)患病。 I have got a headache.(JBⅣL8) I have a bad cold.(JBⅤL3) (3)发生的情况。 I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.(跌跤)(JBⅣL10) (4)生育。 The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.(SBⅠL14) 3.和一与动词同形的名词连用,表示一个动作(have+a+由动词转化和名词)。 Are you going to have a swim.(JBⅢL1) I have a long talk with the teacher.(JBⅣL10) 4.have on sth.或have sth. on,表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。 I notice d he had on bedroom slippers.(SBⅡL6) At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on. 5.表示“吃”、“喝”。 I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.(JBⅢL10) Does she have lunch at home?(JBⅡL11) 6.组成复合结构即“have+宾语+宾语补足语”。 (1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.),表示让、叫某人做某事。 The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(SBⅠL17) 〔注〕:否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”. We won't have you blame it on others. She had never had anybody speak to her that way before. (2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing),表示让(使)某人做某事。 …the two men had their lights burning all night long…. (3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done),表示: ①使(让,请)别人作某事,表示的动作是别人做的。 Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.(SBⅠL10) …he should have n ew clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.(SBⅠL8)

by的用法小结

by的用法小结 1.用于被动语态的句子中,表示动作的执行者,意为“被;由”。 He was praised by the teacher.他受到了老师的表扬。 The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。 2.表示方式、方法、手段等,后常接无冠词的名词或动名词,意为“通过;靠;用”。 Don't judge a person by appearances. 勿以貌取人。 He made a living by teaching.他以教书为生。 3.表示时间,意为“到……时(为止”或“不迟于……”。 He ought to be here by now.他现在应该在这儿了。 By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words.到十岁时,他已学了约一千个英语单词。 4.表示(增减)程度,尺寸数量等,意为“至……的程度”。 the bullet missed me by two inches.那子弹以两英寸之差未击中我。 the rope needs to be longer by two feet.这绳子需要再长两英尺。 5.表示交通路线或工具,后接名词不用冠词,意为“乘;坐”。 go by bus / plane / train 乘汽车(飞机、火车)去 travel by land / sea / air 陆上(海上、空中)旅行 6.表示位置,意为“在近旁;在……旁边”。 There is a pumping station by the river.河边有个抽水站。

动词have和has的用法

动词have(has)的用法 have用于第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you), 及第三人称复数(they);has用于第三人称单数(he, she, it)或单数名词。 1. have的用法总结 (1)have作“有”讲,强调“所属关系”,含有“拥有”之意。其主语一般是人,有时也可以是物。 They have many new books. 他们有许多新书。 Wei Hua has a little brother. 魏华有个小弟弟。 This table has four legs. 这张桌子有四条腿。 (2)have可以作“买”讲。 I want to have a kilo of beef. 我想买一公斤牛肉。 May I have a new pen 我可以买支新笔吗 (3)have作“用、使用”讲 Excuse me, may I have your bike, please 打扰了,我可以用(借用)你的自行车吗(4)have+表示动作的名词(这类名词常由同形的动词转化而来),意为“做(某事)”(=do sth. )。 have a drink (of…) 喝一点(……) have a look(at…) (朝……)看一眼 have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳 这些短语常用于口语,这里的have可以用take替换。 (5)have+表示一日三餐的名词,意为“用餐”。 have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭。 have dinner吃饭,吃晚饭。 (6)have+表示食品、饮料等的名词,意为“吃;喝”(=eat, drink)。 如: have(some) bread 吃面包 have eggs(for breakfast) (早餐)吃鸡蛋 have(a cup of )tea 喝(一杯)茶 这里的have也可以用take替换。 (7)have+表示某种活动的名词,意为“进行;举行”。 如: have a class (学生)上课 have a sports meeting 开运动会 have a party 举行聚会 (8)have+表示疾病的名词,意为“患(病)”,有时也用have got。 have a bad cold 患重感冒 have (got) a cough 咳嗽 have(got) a headache 头痛 (9)have+表示一段时间的名词,表示“经历;度过”。 have a good time 度过快乐的时光,玩得愉快 have a good summer holiday度过愉快的暑假。 (10)have意为“邀请;招待”。 Thank you for having me. 感谢你们邀请我。 We are having friends for dinner. 我们要请朋友们吃饭。 2. have/has的句型转换: (1否定句主语+don't (doesn't)+have +…。 例: We don't have any water here. 我们这儿没有水。

介词by用法详解

介词by用法详解 1.表示场所,意为“在……旁边”“在……近旁”“在……手边”,此时要注意它与介词near有所不同,即by 表示的距离更“近”。比较: He lives by the sea. 他住在海滨。 He lives near the sea. 他住在离海不远处。 2.表示动词执行者,主要用于被动语态,此时要注意它与介词with的区别:by 表示动作的主体,with 表示动作者的手段工具。如: The house was destroyed by fire. 此屋被大火烧毁。(fire是动作的主体,此句的主动形式为Fire destroyed the house.) The house was destroyed with fire. 此屋是(被人)用火烧毁的。(fire只是工具,动作的主体另有其人,此句可认为省略了一个by短语,如by someone之类的,其主动形式可以是Someone destroyed the house with fire.) 3.表示手段或方式等,注意以下用法: (1) 表示“乘”“坐”时,其后接交通工具(如bus, bike, train, plane, car, taxi, ship 等)或与交通工具密切相关的名词(如air, water, land, road等),在句中主要用作方式状语,其中通常不用冠词或其他限定词。如: They came here by the first bus. 他们是坐第一班车来的。 但是,若表示交通工具的名词前插有定语修饰语,则也可以用冠词。如: We’re going by the 9:30 train. 我们坐9:30的火车去。 We went to Shanghai by a large ship. 我们乘一艘大船去上海。 注意,汉语说“步行”,英语习惯上用on foot, 而不用by foot。 (2) 注意以下表示方式的有用表达,其中不用冠词或其他限定词: by phone 用电话by telegram 用电报 by letter 用信件by express 用快件 by air mail 用航空邮件by ordinary mail 用平信 by post 用邮寄by radio 用无线电 by hand 用手工by machine 用机器 注意下面两例用by与用with的区别: The letter was written by hand. 这封信是用手写的(即不是打印的)。(by hand表示一种抽象的手段,是无形的,注意其中没用冠词或其他限定词)

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