英语四级长难句翻译练习学生版

英语长难句翻译练习

1. Now, Shaw is exaggerating, but there is something in what he says, and the question is worth following up, for the sake of the light it________(throw) on modern knowledge.

分析谓语动词个数及句子成分：

And 和but 的作用：

2.It was ___________(most) he who talked a nd he seemed afraid to stop for fear she’d ask him to leave her by__________(she).

and连接的并列复合句。And前面的句子是_______________，he__________。

for fear(that)=in order that…should not happen意为“_________________”，

to leave her by herself=to leave her _________________。

Exercise :

1. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; _____ you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals.

这是一个句型结构十分对称的并列复合句。“so are most criminals”是______________结构

2.__________( Give )the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater.

分析Given的作用和词性

3. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling__________(depend) almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.

fungus n. 真菌(如蘑菇和霉);霉;霉菌(复数fungi)

4. A spirited discussion springs up_________ a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t.

jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era 作用和意思

5. They are trying to find out ____________there is something about the way we teach language to children ____________ in fact prevents children from learning sooner.

6. Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain ________ (work) have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which__________( weigh) over 10,000 kilos.

7. ________ different people like to do so many different things in their spare time, we could make a long list of hobbies, __________(take) in everything from collecting matchboxes and raising rare fish, to learning about the stars and making model ships.

To learn 做的是目的状语还是定语：

8. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by its warm breath, _______they will wait beside the hole and kill it.

长难句句式分析练习题

1.Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.

句子的主谓宾结构是_________________________________. with which 引导一个定语从句修饰_______________. take notice of 意思是“_________________”。2．A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies eliminates all need to call for a lawn care specialist,_________ provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt ________(lie) around.

3.But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that __________(surround) the image of the classic act of reading.

【分析】这是一个带有比较级的句子，主干是：_____________________________

4．This violation of concentration, silence, solitude（独处的状态）________(go) to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, ________ is to learn it by heart.

这是一个_________________。第一个分句的主干是______________________

第二个分句的主干是____________________________________

5.And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear ___________ imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet's reddish surface.

【分析】句子的主干是__________________________________________________

两个with的作用：__________________________________________________ 6．The issue of ___________ life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, _____________________(highlight) by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite（陨石）from Mars. 【分析】句子的主干是______________________________________.由whether 引导的从句做of的_________；两个that所引导的从句分别做

___________________的同位语。

7．What he has demonstrated, he believes, _______(be) that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.

【分析】that和what分别引导___________________；he believes是__________，应该前置。

8．Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals _______ are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats.

【分析】that引导的_____________中又包含一个who引导的______________，修饰

_____________。typical of sb.意思是“___________________”。这句话中这个词组之前省略了，_____________，是两个定语从句。

9．The reasons ________ they don't, and why the environment___________( have not ruin), have to do with prices, technological innovation, social change and government regulation in response to popular pressure.

【分析】句子的主干是_______________________________________________. 两个why均引导定语从句修饰reasons. in response to popular pressure做regulation 的后置定语。

10．What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply,

_____(try) to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute.

【分析】这是简单的复杂句，句子的主干是________________________。主语是______________________，谓语是________________________；该从句中every time 引导一个___________________。

11．Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists_______ modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances.

【分析】句子的主干是it seemed "obvious" that ，that之后引导一个很长的主语从句；该从句的谓语动词有三个：______________________________.

12．Nor ______(be) residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities.

【分析】这是一个含有比较级的倒装句；a feeling of not belonging是_________，进一步解释alienation的含义。

13. As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate____________( have change) in the past few years--and how those changes have transformed human existence.

【分析】句子的主干是_________________________________________。As引导一个

_____________从句，两个how分别引导_________从句，做understanding的宾语。

14．Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that _______________(combine) to change the planet’s environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.

【分析】句子的主干是_________________________________________________。That引导一个______________________________。

15.New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution:________ the dawn of primates (灵长目动物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture.

【分析】复杂的简单句，句子的主干是_____________________________，that 引导_______________，冒号后面的成分是对________________________的说明。

16. In the emic approach, the goal is ___________(describe) behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and important to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups.

【分析】句子的主干是_________________________。Regard是___________

17．The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ________(rule) by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.

【分析】复杂的简单句，句子的主干是___________________________________. such as 做discipline的________________，ruled__________________________，on the tree-lined campuses 做_________________。

18. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the widespread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women_____

want to run companies some day.

【分析】句子的主干是______________________________________________，a testimony ……相当于___________________________。that 后面引导一个

______________________________，其中又包含一个以who引导的___________。

19．The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.

【分析】句子的主干是________________________________________________. whether 引导一个__________________和the worth_________________。

20.______________(Motivate) in part by Christian compassion (怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world's first workers' compensation law in 1884.

【分析】复杂的简单句，句子的主干是_______________________

21．Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow-that, _________(mislead) by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.

【分析】这个句子的结构比较复杂，句子的主干是_________________. 第一个that引导___________________；第二个that引导_____________________；misled by a consumerist culture是________________；what引导satisfy的宾语从句。

22.A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer,_________(use) an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors. 【分析】句子的主干是A new study shows that……，that引导一个

________________，该从句的主干是________________________

23.Of Ezekiel Cheever, the most famous schoolmaster of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, his onetime student Cotton Mather _________(write) that he so planned his lessons that his pupils "came to work as though they came to play," and Alfred North Whitehead, almost three hundred years later, noted that a teacher should make his/her students" glad they were there."

【分析】这是一个并列复合句，第一个分句的主语是________________________；第二个分句的主语是_______________________________；两个分句各代一个宾语从句。

24.A new high-performance contact lens under development at the department for applied physics at the University of Heidelberg will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision as much as five times, ________(make) people's vision sharper than that of cats.

【分析】这是一句比较长的简单句。句子的主干是

____________________________________________. under development作主语的_______________，而making people's vision sharper than that of cats作_________。

25.Bille's lenses are expected to reach the market in the year 2000, and one tentative plan is to use the Internet to transmit information on patients' visual defects from the optician to the manufacturer, __________ will then produce and mail the contact lenses within a couple of days.

【分析】这是一个并列复合句，前一个分句的主干是_____________________；后一个分句的主干是_________________________…；who 引导一个非限定性定语从句来修饰manufacturer。

实操练习题

1．In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned（使形成条件反射）mice to avoid saccharin（糖精）by simultaneously_______(feed) them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while ___________(suppress) their immune systems caused stomach upsets.

2．The Times newspaper agrees, __________(complain) that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision________(give) way to “mass production methods more typical of Europea n universities.”

3．By studying mineral grains found in material_______(range) from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730,000 years ago.

4．Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population, the factory farming industry also________(argue) that “hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry industry.”

5．Bottom retail prices—anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia—have attracted some 47 million visitors, who______________(expect) leave behind $79 billion in 1994.

6.It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive（欺骗性的）packaging rumpus（喧嚣）started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, _____their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of net weight from 12 to 10 1/2 ounces, without any

reduction in price.

7．The producers of packaged products argue strongly against changing sizes of packages to contain even weights and volumes, but no one in the trade comments unfavorably on the huge costs incurred by endless changes of package sizes, materials, shape, art work, and net weights that_________(use)for improving a product’s market position.

8．The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect _____ the subject.

9．Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, __________(demand) not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits.

10．Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days________while doin g your work well may win you pay increases, it won’t secure you the bigpromotion.

11．The Oxford dictionary can therefore stand more vigorous scrutiny for cultural bias than the Longman dictionary__________ the latter does not hesitate about viewing the rest of the world from the cultural perspectives of the English-speaking world.

12．And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness as he sees it-of citizens, social workers, doctors, law-makers, and judges, who, instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope_______ this will make them reform.

13．The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but, custom, we have a way of thinking, _____(be) behavior at its most commonplace.

14．John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part_______(play) by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family.

15．Through the study of instruments, as well as painting, __________(write) documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.

16．____________(evolve) when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly.

17．No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots.

18．Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.

19．Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbo oks and reporting texts, stress the “how to ” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications.

20．In the second stage, the question of whether the home economy was less efficient in producing these new goods and services was irrelevant; if the family were to enjoy these fruits of industrialization, they would have to be obtained in the marketplace.

21．Just as the appearance of the automobile made the use of the horse drawn carriage illegal and then impractical, and the appearance of television to a source of background music, so most of the fruits of economic growth did not increase the options available to the home economy to either produce the goods or services or purchase them in the market.

22．Ironically（讽刺性地）, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e.g., secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge

about a person (e.g., disclosures and truthful statements).

23．Making Apple computers capable of running IBM software is Apple’s effort at making the Mackintosh compatible with IBM computers and thus more popular in the office, where Apple hopes to increase sales.

24．In terms of our capacity to sample the relevant universes, however, and the probability that our images of these universes are at least approximately correct, one suspects that a reverse order is more reasonable.

25．Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.

26．One doesn’t lose ability and experience on the eve of one’s 65th or 70th birthday any more than one grows up instantly at age 21.

27．A research paper, assigned in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a process where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times.

28．At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles—marriage, motherhood, and employment—were the highest in well-being, despite warnings about stress and strain.

29．Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.

30．We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of man’s fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth.

31．They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.

32．But the effect of all this on the food situation is this country has been made worse by a simultaneous rise in food prices, due chiefly to the gradual cutting down of government support for food.

33．More over, the rise in domestic prices has come at a time when world prices have begun to fall, with the result that imported food, with the exception of grain, is often cheaper than the home-produced variety.

34．The hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.

35．The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home.

36．Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.

37．And when fifty years ago “being employed” meant working as a factory laborer or as a farmhand, the employee of today is increasingly a middle class person with a substantial formal education, holding a professional or management job requiring intellectual and technical skills.

38．Certainly more people fail because they do not know the requirements of being an employee than because they do not adequately possess the skills of their trade; the higher you climb the ladder, the more you get into administrative or executive work, the greater the emphasis on ability to work within the organization rather than on technical abilities or professional knowledge.

39．The ease, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines.

40．When they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance.

41．Certainly it has extended the scope of human conflicts, since it impartially disseminates（传播）the useful knowledge of scientists and the nonsense of the ignorant, the affection of the affectionate and the malice（恶意）of the malicious.

42．To say that the child learns by imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies.

43．A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion.