汉语的基本句型及其翻译

汉英的基本句型及其翻译

Sylvia Wang

574521661@https://www.360docs.net/doc/751636628.html,

一、主谓单句

1)鲁迅,绍兴人。(主语+名词谓语)

?Lu Xun was from Shaoxing. [SVP]

2)这个姑娘很漂亮。(主语+形容词谓语)?That girl is very pretty. [SVP]

3) 这花儿是白的。(主语+判断谓语)

?The flower is white.[SVP]

4) 水库是1958年修建的。[主语+判断谓语]

?The reservoir was built in 1958. [SV(passive)] 5) 他打破了杯子。(主语+谓语+宾语)

?He broke the glass.[SVO]

6) 李先生教我们地理。(主语+谓语+宾语+宾语)?Mr. Li teaches us geography.[SVOO]

防止主语的机械对应

?宁波多雨。

?Ningbo sees much rain.

?It rains a lot in Ningbo.?People have much rain in Ningbo.?There is much rain in Ningbo.

?中国近几年来发生了巨变.

?China crackles with danamics of changes these years.

?China has seen (withnessed) great changes these yeats.

?These years have seen (witnessed) great changes in China.

?There have been great changes in China these years.

?Great changes have taken place in China these years.

?花园里有许多孩子。

?There are many children in the garden.?门边卧着一只狗。

?There lies a dog at the door.

?明天下大雪。

?There will be a heavy snow tomorrow. Tip:汉语中方位词或时间词放在举手,可译成There be句式。

EXAMPLE4

?学法语比学希腊语容易多了。

?It is much easier to read France than read Greek,?信不信是你自己的事.

?It is your concern whether you believe me or not.?企鹅走路的样子很滑稽。

?It is very funny the way the peguins waddle.

?事情会变成这个样子真是可惜。

?It is a thousand pities that is should have come to this.?Tip:汉语的动词词组,主谓结构或句子作主语时,译成It...

翻译汉语句子的非动词谓语时,务必要补加动词

?这个操作过程并不危险:

?This operation process is not dangerous/quite free from danger.

?于先生很聪明。

?Mr. Yu looks clever.

?六级考试并不困难。

?CET-6 is not difficult.

防止谓语动词的机械对应

?汉语中动词搭配能力很强,译成英语时应避免机械对应。

?打

?打球?打架?打车?play ?fight ?grab/take

?搞

?现在农民都搞副业生产。?她是搞法律的。

?他们搞出了一项计划。

?这事把人搞糊涂了。

?我们搞一点核武器是为了自卫。?Now most peasants engage in siideline production.

?She is in the law

?They have drawn up a plan.

?This made people confused.

?It is purely for self-defence that we have produced some nuclear weapons.

要译出汉语谓语动词隐藏的时态,情态及语态

?汉语谓语的时态比较隐蔽

?到20世纪末时中国会繁荣起来。

?By the end of the century China will be prosperous.

?By the end of the century China will have become prosperous.

?汉语句中的将来进行时没有明显的外形标志,知识内含于居中的逻辑关系中?明天晚上八点钟你们干什么?

?What will you doing at eight tomorrow evening?

?汉语句子中的情态动词是内含的,译时应潜心挖掘

?他想去那儿碰碰运气也不错。

?He thought it might be wise to try his luch there.

?在不少汉语句子中,被动式往往都以主动形式出现,所以译成英语时应备加注意变换语序

?街旁都种了树。

?The streets are lined with trees.

二、无主句

?祈使句不出现主语,照译即可

EXAMPLE

?请打开书本。

?Open your books,please.

?您的票!

?Show your ticket please.(Yout ticket please!)

汉语含有号召,要求,规定等意味的无主句,有时可译成祈使句,有的则应补出主语

汉语叙事或叙理的无主句,译时都应补加主语

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英语四级段落翻译常用词汇:中国历史与文化 京剧Peking opera 秦腔Qin opera 功夫Kungfo 太极Tai Chi 口技ventriloquism 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏shadowplay 折子戏opera highlights 杂技acrobatics 相声witty dialogue comedy 刺绣embroidery 苏绣Suzhou embroidery 泥人clay figure 书法calligraphy 中国画traditional Chinese painting 水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot 中国古代四大发明the four great inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass 青铜器bronze ware 瓷器porcelain; china 唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰蓝cloisonne 秋千swing 武术martial arts 儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化Confucian culture 道教Taoism 墨家Mohism 法家Legalism 佛教Buddhism 孔子Confucius 孟子Mencius 老子Lao Tzu 庄子Chuang Tzu 墨子Mo Tzu 孙子Sun Tzu 象形文字pictographic characters 文房四宝(笔墨纸观)the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone) 《大学》The Great Learning

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I.it 作形式主语或宾语 1. 事后后悔毫无益处,你必须学会充分利用时间以适应高三生 活。(no use, adapt) It is no use crying over the spilt milk. You must learn to make full use of time to be adapted to the life of senior three. 2. 他从没想到过他被这家公司拒绝的原因是他英语不能说流利的 英语。(occur, turn down) It never occurred to him that the reason why he was turned down/ rejected by the company was that he could not speak fluent English. 3. 如果你方便的话,我想和你进一步讨论一下我们婚礼的细节。 (convenient) If it is convenient, I would like to have a further discussion about the details of our wedding ceremony with you. 4. 在东南亚当地人认为用左手传递食物是不礼貌的行为。 (manners) The local people in South East countries consider it bad manners to use the left hand to pass food. 5. 在布置工作之前,你必须考虑到他刚刚大病初愈。(take)You must take it into consideration that he has just recovered from a serious illness before you assign work to him. 6. 因特网的流行让远隔千里的人们能够随时随地交流。 (possible) The popularity of the Internet makes it possible for the people thousands of miles away to communicate with each other whenever and wherever. 7. 被警告有危险,你却冒险尝试, 这是不明智的。(it) It is unwise of you to risk trying when you are warned of the danger. 8. 你很可能会后悔你鲁莽的决定。(It) It is likely that you will regret the rude decision you made II.特殊句型 1. 阅读时,你不必碰到生词就查词典。(There be) There is no need to consult the dictionary when you read. 2. 我宁可在家看报纸和杂志也不愿去电影院看如此可怕的电影。 (would rather) I would rather read newspapers and magazines at home than watch such a horrible film. 3. 你暴露在阳光下越多,就对你的皮肤越有害。(The more…the

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英语翻译常用句型(加精)

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?高中英语常用50句句型翻译 1、你没有必要提前预定音乐会的票(need n.) There is no need for you to book the ticket for the concert in advance. 2、在专家面前班门弄斧是没有好处的(good n. show) It is no good showing off in the presence of so many experts. 3、如果你不能集中精神学习,熬夜是没有用的(use) It is no use staying up late if you can’t focus your attention on your study. 4、抱怨交通状况是浪费时间(waste) It’s a waste of time making complaints about the transportation system. 5、我觉得你有必要在应聘之前接受一些训练(it) I find it necessary for you to have some training before you apply for a new job. 6、我突然想起来我忘记提醒班长集合的时间了(occur) It suddenly occurred to me that i forgot to remind the monitor of the gathering time. 7、似乎John对於赢得胜利没有什麽信心,你最好对他说些鼓励的话 It seems that John is not very’d better say a few encouraging words to him. 8、第一眼见到她,我就忍不住爱上她了(the first time) The first time i saw her, i couldn’t help falling in love with her. 9、你在阅读上花时间越多,取得进步越大 The more time you spend in reading, the more rapid progress you will make. 10、他获得成功的原因是他从不丧失信心,从不半途而废(halfway) The reason why he achieved success was that he never lost heart and gave up halfway. 11、重要的不是你说些什麽而是你如何演讲(matter) What matters is not what’s in your speech but how you deliver your speech. 12、再努力一下,你就能成功(effort) Make another effort, and you’ll succeed. 13、尽管教学经验不足,他总是全力以赴的满足学生的需求(spare) In spite of the fact that he lacks teaching experience, he spares no effort to meet the demand of his student. 14、不可否认,他的勇气和坚持为他赢得了很高的声誉(deny)

高中英语基础句子翻译100句

. 汉译英 1.好朋友就是能和你分享快乐和忧伤的人 . 2.这是他第一次用电子邮件与笔友交流 . 3. 网络使人们即使身处世界的不同角落也完全可能面对面地交流. 4.现在 , 每年有超过 100 万的旅客来广州观光旅游. 5. 世界淡水资源十分有限,因此我们必须充分利用. 6. 不管你相不相信 , 我们已经逐渐地可以用英语流利地表达自己了.

. 7.实际上学好英语有很多简单的方法 , 例如看英文电视或和外国朋友在线聊 天. 7. 即使这工作要花掉我六个星期的时间,我仍决心要完成这份工作. 8.全体同学都要准时参加明天举行的会议 . 9.花了一周时间才把衣物和药品送达灾区 . 10.请耐心点。火车十分钟后到 . 11.消防员没有多考虑个人的安危 , 像平常一样将困在大火中的人员援救出来 . 12. 一些人破门设法从失火的房子里逃了出来.

13. 上一次考试考砸了之后,那个男孩向父母许诺今后会努力学习. 14.约翰要给捡到他钱包的出租司机一百元作为酬劳 . 15. 除非我们净化我们的环境,否则人类可能将无法生存. 16.这是目前为止我所看过的最好的电影中的一部 . 17.我家门前的漂亮新车是我邻居的,不是我的 . 18.当午餐的铃声敲响的时候 , 学生们一个接一个走出教室 . 19.经理不在时 , 他负责这个商店 .

20.他最终向警察承认他也加入了犯罪活动 . 21. 他训练了很长的一段时间,所以获得比赛的胜利是他应得的. 22.这个母亲正看护着她熟睡的孩子 . 23.由于人类的过度猎捕,许多动物都已经灭绝了 . 24.开车的时候,你应该注意路标 . 25. 政府提出了一项新的政策,旨在保护城市里一些重要的历史遗迹. 26. 根据气象报告,今天将会是一个晴朗的日子.

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