英语单词中常见词根和重要后缀总结

英语单词中最常见词根和重要后缀总结备注：词根表仅仅作为工具书辅助记忆词汇，请结合考试词汇的中文意思和课堂上老师讲解学习。

acid, acr = sour, sharp act = to act

agogue = leader al, ol, ul = to nourish（滋补，滋养）

alt = high alter, ali = other

am = to love angl, angul = angle（角度）

anim = breath, mind

ann = year anthrop =human

apt = fit （适合的）aqua = water

arm = weapons art = skill, art

aud = to hear aug = to increase, to make,to grow

avi = bird

band, bond = to bind bar = bar

bat = to beat bat , bas = to go

bell = war

bio = life biology biologist

autobiography

semi-autobiography pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis

brev = short cad, cid, cas = to fall

calc = lime camp = field

cand = white , bright cant, chant, cent = to sing

cap = head ，to take ，to catch

car = car , to run carn = flesh

cast = throw cav = hollow

cede, ceed , cess = to go, to yield ceive, cept, cip, cipate = to take

celer = swift cent = hundred

centr = center cern, cret = to separate

cert = sure chron = time

cide , cise = to cut circ , cyc = ring

cite = to call , to urge claim , clam = to cry

clin = to bend clud = to shut

coct = to cook cognis, gnos = to know

commun = common cord = heart

corp = body cosm , cosmo = universe

count = to count cover = to cover

cre, cresc = to make, to grow cred = to believe

crim = accusation, crime crit = to judge

cruc = cross culp = blame, guilt

cult = to till cumb = to lie down

cur, course = to run cure = to take care

cuss = to strike , to shake deb, du = to owe

dei = god dem = people

dent = tooth

例如：dentist 牙医- ist 表示人；dent = tooth

derm, derma, dermat = skin

dic = to proclaim dict, dit = to say

dign = worthy divid, divis = to divide

doc = to teach dom = house

dom = to tame, to rule don, dot, dow = to give

dorm = to sleep dox, dogma = opinion

draw = to draw, to pull drom = to run , course(process) duce, duct = to lead dur = to last

dyn, dynam = power eco = house ego = I , self

electr = electric em, empt = to take, to buy equ = equal

err = to wander, to err ess, est = to be

fa, fabl, fabul = to speak fac, front = face, forehead

fac, fect = to make , to do fare = to go

fend , fest = to strike fer = to carry, to bear, to tolerate

ferv = to boil fess = to speak

fest = festival fict, fig = to feign

fid = to trust figure = to shape , figure(n.), form(n.) fil = thread , to spin fin = to end

fix = to fasten flat = to blow

flect, flex = to bend flict = to strike

flor = flower flu = to flow

foli = leaf form = to form, form ,shape

fort = strong found , fund = base

fract, frag = to break fug = to flee

fuse, found = to pour gam = marriage

gener, gen, gent = to produce, race(n.) ger, gest = to carry

grad, gress = to walk gram , graph = to write

grand = grand grat = to please

grav = heavy gregat = to collect

hab, hibit = to have herb = grass

here, hes = to stick，her = heir

horr = to tremble hum , hom = man

hum = ground hydr = water

hypno = sleep idio = personal, distinct

it = to go

ject , jac = to throw join, junct = to join

journ = day jud = to judge

jur = to swear just, juris = law, right , justice labor = to work laps = to slip, to glide

late = to bring , to bear later = side

lav , lau = to wash lax , lyse = to loosen

lect, leg = to choose , to gather, to read leg = to appoint , to send

leg = law lev = to raise, light (adj.)

liber = free libr, lib = book

lic = to be permitted lig = to bind

lingu = tongue, language liqu = fluid

liter = letter loc = place

log , loqu, locut = to speak long = long

lud = to play lumin = light

lust, luc = bright

magn, maj , max = great manu, man = hand mand, mend = to order , to entrust mari = sea

mark = to mark , boundary matr= mother

mechan = machine med = to heal

medi = middle melan = black

memor = to remember ment = to think , mind(n.) mere = to trade , reward(n.) merge, mers = to sink, to dip meter = to measure migr = to remove , to wander milit = soldier, to fight min = to jut , to project

min = small mir = to wonder, to behold miss, mit = to send, to throw mix = to mix

mod = manner mon = to advise , to remind monstr = to show mor = custom

morph = form mort = death

mount = mountain, to ascend mov, mob, mot = to move muni = service mur = wall

mut = to change myst = mystery

nat = born nau, nav = ship

necro = death, dead nect , nex = to bind

neg = to deny neur , neuro , nerv = nerve neutr = neither nihil = nothing

noc , nox = to harm noct , nox = night

nomin, nom = name norm = rule, norm

not = to mark nounce, nunci = to report

nov = new nul, null = nothing

number, numer = number, to count nutri = to nourish

ocul = eye onym = name

oper = to work , work opt = to wish

opt, opto = eye, sight ora = to speak ,to pray order, ordin = order ori = to rise , to begin

orn = to decorate, to furnish ortho = straight , right

oss, osteo = bone pact = to agree, to fasten

pan = bread par = to prepare

par = equal par = to appear

par = to bear , to give birth to part = a part , to part

pass = to pass passi , pati, path = to suffer, feelings

part = father ped = foot

ped = child pel , puls = to drive

pen ,pun = to punish pend, pens = to hang , to weigh

peri = to go through pet = to fly , to seek

petr, petro = stone, rock phan ,fan = appearance phon = sound ; phe = to speak photo = light (n.)

pict = to paint , picture plac , pleas = to please

plain , plaint = to beat the breast plant = to plant , plant (n.) plaud, plode = to strike, to clap

plen, plete, ple , pli, ply = to fill, full ( adj. )

plore = to flow out ply, pli, ple = to fold

polis = city polit, poli = state, country pon , pound = to put popul, publ = people

port = to carry port = gate

pos = to place , to put potent = powerful

prec = to pray preci = price

preda = prey(n.), to plunder press = to press

prim, prin, prem = first pris, prehend = to seize priv = private (adj.) to deprive proach , proxim = near prob, prov = to test , to try, to examine proper , propri = proper, one’s own

psych, psycho = soul pugn = to fight

punct = to prick pur = pure

purg = to purify pute = to think

quer = to complain qui, quiet = calm , rest(n.) quire, quisit , quest = to seek quit = to free , to release radi = root

radi = ray rap, rav = to snatch

rat , ratio = to reckon , reason (n.) rect = right , straight

reg = to rule , king (n.) rot = wheel (n.) , to turn

rud = raw rupt = to break

sacr , sanct , secr = sacred

sal = salt sal, sult = to leap

sal , san = whole sangui = blood

sat = full scan , scend , scal = to climb

sci = to know scribe , script = to write sect = to cut sed, sess, sid = to sit semin = seed sen = old

sens ,sent = to feel sequ, secut, su = to follow sert = to join, to put serv = to serve, to keep sign = to mark simil, sembl = like(prep.),

same

sinu = curve ,sinus sist , stitut, sta, st = to stand

soci = companion, to associate sol = alone

sol = sun

somn = sleep son =sound

soph = wise ,wisdom sort = kind

spec, spect = to see, to look sper = hope

spers = to scatter spher = ball

spir = to breathe splend = to shine

spond , spons = to promise stell = star

stinct, sting = to prick

string , strict , strain, stress = to draw tight stru, struct = to build suade = to advise sume,sumpt = to take summ = sum, highest sur = sure , secure

tail = to cut tang , tact = to touch

tain , ten, tin = to hold , to keep techn(o) = art , skill

tect = to cover temper = to moderate tempor = time tempt , tent = to try

tend , tens , tent = to stretch tenu = thin

term = boundary terr = earth

terr = to frighten test = witness

text = to weave the(o) = god

thes, thet = to place , to put tim = to fear

ton = tone tort = to twist

tour, torn = to turn tox = poison

tract , treat = to draw tribut = to pay , to bestow trop = to turn trud , trus = to thrust , to push tum = to swell turb = to disturb

ultim = last umbr = shadow

urb = city us , uti = to use

vac, van , void = empty vade = to go

vaga = to wander val , vail = strong , worth var(i) = diverse , to change velop = to wrap

ven , vent = to come ven = vein

venge = to avenge vent = wind

ver = true verb = word

verg = to incline vers, vert = to turn

vest = to clothe , garment

vi , voy = way vict , vinc = to conquer

vid , vis = to see vig , veg = lively

viv = to live voc , voke = to call , voice volve, volut = to roll

vor = to eat

C) 常见的后缀（suffix）

★1. 名词后缀

(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人

1)-an, -ian, 表示"……地方的人，精通……的人” American, historian

2)-al, 表示"具有……职务的人" principal,

3)-ant,-ent 表示"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student

4)-ar 表示"……的人” scholar, liar

5)-ard, -art 表示"做……的人”coward

6)-arian 表示"……派别的人，……主义的人”vegetarian

7)-ary 表示"从事……的人" secretary

8)-ate 表示"具有……职责的人" candidate, graduate

9)-ator 表示"做……的人" educator

10)-crat 表示"某种政体，主义的支持者" democrat

11)-ee 表示"动作承受者" employee, examinee

13)-er 表示"从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager

14)-ese 表示" ……国人，…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese

15)-ess 表示"阴性人称名词" actress, hostess, manageress

16)-yer 表示" 从事……职业者” lawyer

17)-ian 表示"……地方人，信仰…….教的人，从事……职业的人”physician(内科医生)，musician

18)-ician 表示"精通者，……家，”electrician, magician, technician

19)-icist 表示"……家，…….者, …….能手”physicist

20)-ic 表示"……者，……师" mechanic, critic

21)-ster 表示"做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒)，songster

22)-ier 表示"从事……职业” clothier

23)-ine, ian 表示"阴性人称名词" heroine, ballerina

24)-ist 表示"从事……研究者，信仰……主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist, violinist

25)-ive 表示"动作者，行为者” native, captive

26)-logist 表示"……学家，研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家)

27)-or 表示"……者" author, doctor, operator,

★(2). 构成，具有抽象名词的含义

1)-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood

2)-age, 表示"状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称" courage, storage, marriage

3)-al,

a) 表示"事物的动作，过程”refusal, arrival, survival

b) 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal

4)-ance, -ence表示"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” endurance, importance, diligence,

difference, obedience

5)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质，状态，行为，过程" frequency, urgency

6)-bility, 表示"动作，性质，状态" possibility, feasibility,

7)-craft, 表示"工艺，技巧” woodcraft, handicraft

8)-cracy, 表示"统治，支配" democracy

9)-dom, 表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom

10)-ship

a) 表示技艺，技能，…法，…术

horsemanship, workmanship

b)表示情况，状态，关系，性质

friendship , scholarship , hardship, partnership

c)表示身份，职位，资格

citizenship, membership, professorship, managership

11)-ing, 表示"动作的过程，结果" building, writing, learning

12)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程，结果，状况" action, solution, conclusion,

expression, correction

13)-ise, 表示"性质，状态” exercise, merchandise

14)-ism, 表示"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为" socialism, criticism, heroism

15)-ment, 表示"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment,

16)-ness, 表示"性质，状态，程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness

★(3) 带有场所，地方的含义

1)-age, 表示"住所，地点" village, cottage

2)-ary, 表示"住所，场地" library

3)-ery, ry, 表示"工作场所，饲养所，地点" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室,外科)

4)-ory, 表示"场所，住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory

★(4) 带有学术，科技含义

1)-grapy, 表示"……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography

2)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics

3)-ology, 表示"……学科……论”biology, zo ology, technology,

ecology , geology, biology, psychology , geography

4)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy

5)-ery,-ry 表示"学科，技术" chemistry, cookery, machinery

6)-y, 表示"……学，术，法” photography, philosophy

★(5) 表示物品和物质名称的含义

1)-ant, -ent constant

2)-al signal, pictorial(画报)

3)-ar collar 4)- er computer, washer, cooker

5)-ing clothing 6)-ment instrument, equipment

★(6) 表示“细小”的含义

1)-cle, particle,

2)-cule, molecule(分子)

3)-el, parcel

4)-en, chicken, maiden

5)-et, pocket, ticket

6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette

7)-kin, napkin

8)-ling, duckling,

9)-let, booklet

10)-y, baby, doggy

■ 2. 形容词后缀

★（1）带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible

2)-al natural, additional, educational

3)-an urban, suburban 4)-ant, -ent distant, important, excellent

5)-ar similar, popular, regular

6)-ary military, voluntary

7)-ic, -atic, ical systematic, historic, physical,

8)-ine feminine

9)-ing moving, touching 10)-ish foolish, bookish, selfish

11)-ive active ,impressive, decisive

12)-ory satisfactory, compulsory

★(2) 表示“相象，类似”的含义

1)-ish boyish, childish

2)-esque picturesque

3)-like manlike, childlike

4)-ly manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

5)-some troublesome, handsome

6)-y milky

★(3) 表示“充分的”含义

1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various

3)-ent, violent,

★(4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义

1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen

2)-ous, gaseous

3)-fic, scientific

★(5) 表示方向的含义

1)-ern, eastern, western

2)-ward, downward, forward

★(6) 表示“倍数”的含义

1)-ble, double, treble

2)-ple, triple

3)-fold, twofold, tenfold

★(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义

1)-teen, thirteen

2)-ty, fifty

3)-th, fourth

★(8) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义

1)-an, Roman, European

2)-ese, Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese

3)-ish, English, Spanish

★(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义

1)-er, greater

2)-ish, reddish, yellowish

3)-est, highest

4)-most, foremost, topmost

★(10) 表示否定

-less, countless, wireless

★(11) 表示“防…的”

-proof fireproof windproof airproof waterproof rainproof ■ 3. 动词后缀

1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成，变成，…化“modernize, organize

2)-en, 表示"使成为，引起，使有” qui cken, weaken, darken, widen, broaden

3)-fy, 表示"使…化, 使成…”beautify, purify, simplify

4)-ish, 表示"使，令” finish, abolish

5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate

■ 4. 副词后缀

1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply

2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward

3)-ways, always, sideways

4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise, counterclockwise