名词的用法

名词

I. 名词的种类：

专有名词普通名词

国名，地名，人名

可数名词不可数名词

个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词China,Guangzhou,Mike monkey,panda family,people love,hope water,air

II. 名词的数：

1.规则名词的复数形式

规则例词

1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days

2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes

3

以-f或-fe结尾

的词变-f和-fe为v再加

-es

thief-thieves, wife-wives, wolf-wolves, half-halves,

knife-knives, leaf-leaves, shelf-shelves

加-s belief-beliefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs

4

以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y

为i加-es

party-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities 5

以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专

有名词以y结尾的，加-s

toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days, Henry-Henrys

2. 不规则名词复数： 复合名词的变法：an apple tree-- some apple trees a girl student--some girl students 例外：a woman teacher--some women teachers a man teacher--some men teachers

3.不可数名词

A 表示液体：water, juice, milk,coffee,coke,soup

B 表示自然现象：weather,snow, rain, ice

C 表示食品类：rice,jam, honey, meat, bread, food, beef, tofu, eggplant, pork, chicken

D 其他类：newspaper, news, homework, housework,money

6

以-o 结尾的名

词

有生命的加-es hero-heroes,Negro-Negroes,potato-potatoes,

tomato-tomatoes

无生命的加-s

piano-pianos, photo-photos,radio-radios, kilo-kilos 类别及构成方法

例词 男人女人a 变e man-men,woman-women, Englishman-Englishmen,

Frenchman-Frenchmen

鹅足牙oo 变ee

foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese 单复数形式相同的名词

Chinese, Japanese, sheep, fish, deer Ous 变ic, 孩子加上ren

mouse-mice, child-children 只有复数形式的名词 trousers, glasses, thanks, clothes

4.修饰名词的词

类别修饰词例词

只能修饰可数名词复数的词many, several, few, a few many students许多学生

several books 几本书

只能修饰不可数名词的词much, a little,little much water许多水a little time 一

点儿时间

既能修饰可数名词复数又能修饰不可数名词a lot of, lots of, plenty of ,some a lot of books许多书a lot of milk

许多牛奶

III.名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s 构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。

单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,

复数名词

一般在末尾加’the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother,

不规则复数名词后加’s th e children’s toys, women’s rights,

以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house

表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes

表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s

Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s

father

表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词

省略

the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s

of所有格的用法：

用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book

用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students

巩固练习

一．将下列的单数名词变为复数

1,man- 2, duck- 3,house-

4, bus- 5, lady- 6, life-

7, sheep- 8, deer- 9, child-

10, foot- 11, tomato- 12, desk-

13, window- 14, shoe- 15, noodle-

16, dish- 17, factory- 18, parent-

19, museum- 20,box- 21, fish-

22, story- 23, leaf- 24, peach-

25, snowman- 26, fireman- 27, policeman-

二．下面20个词中有15个错了，找出它们并改正。

1.sheeps

2.buses

3.my classmats’s

4.two rices

5. some boys

6.five gooses

7.two womans

8.the children’ cars

9.a map of China 10.a paper 11.three bottle of water 12.two babys 13.peachs 14.potatoes 15.foxs 16.some leafs 17.photoes 18.dogs 19.the classroom’s wall 20.mouses 1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15.

三．根据中文意思用正确的形式表示所有格。

1.Kate的妈妈

2.Jack的朋友

3.美国的首都

4.孩子们的书包

5.老师们的书

6.笔的颜色

7.我父母的卧室8.我的朋友的朋友

9.Tom和Kate的爸爸10.Joan的姐姐和Jenny的姐姐

四．根据中文意思，将下面的句子补充完整。

1.Mr Webb一家打算去下个星期去上海。

are going to Shanghai next week.

2.Janet的爸爸昨天买了三袋大米。

Janet’s father bought yesterday.

3.巴黎是法国的首都吗？

Is Paris France?

4.Tony的朋友的朋友Tim也是我的朋友。

Tim is my friend too.

5.让我们一起去面包店买一袋面包。(面包师baker)

Let’s go to to buy a bag of bread.

五.选择正确的词填空。

1. Those (deer,deers) are very beautiful.

2. Those hamburgers are (Tom,Tom’s).

3.Sally is at her (grandma’s, grandma). She went there yesterday.

4.We have 16 new (light,lights).

5. (The classroom’s door, The door of the classroom)is broken.

6.My friend Peter has three (child, children).

7.Do you like eating (rice,rices)?

8.There are 4 (tea, cups of tea)on the desk.

9.How many (wolf,wolves)are there?

10.I like (chicken,chickens)better than pork.