高考写作必备高级词汇替换

动词篇

1.给give offer /provide

2.想要want would like to /be eager to/long for/intend to

3.遇见meet encounter/come across

4.培养develop cultivate/foster

5.导致cause lead to/result in/contribute to/give rise to

6.得到get gain/obtain/acquire/attain

7.参加join in participate in/take part in

8.考虑think about take sth. into consideration/count/consider/take account of

9.喜欢like be keen on/ have an appetite for/be fond of/be attached to

10.需要need require

11.拜访visit pay a visit to

12.决定decide determine/make up one’s mind

13.利用use make (the best) use of/take (full) advantage of

14.擅长be good at have a good command of/be experienced in

15.赞扬praise speak highly of

16.提高improve enhance/promote/strengthen

17.努力try hard make an effort to/spare no effort to

18.强调stress emphasize/underline

19.完成finish complete/fulfill/accomplish/achieve

20.购买buy purchase

21.发生happen occur/take place/come about

22.反对be against disapprove of/ disagree with

23.支持support be in favor of

24.鼓励encourage inspire/motivate

25.感谢thank gratitude/appreciate

26.希望hope expect

27.对…感兴趣be interested in be absorbed in/be addicted to

28.记住remember keep/bear in mind/memorize

29.应该should be supposed to do

30.想出think of sb. come up with sth /sth. occur to sb.

31.节约save set aside

32.不得不have to can’t help but

33.意识到realize be aware of

34.马上就来coming soon around the corner

35.帮助help assist/do sb. a favor

36.照顾look after attend to

37.解决solve resolve/cope with/deal with/settle

38.寻求帮助ask sb. for help turn to sb. for help

39.不知所措/不知道

don’t know have no idea

be at a loss to do/for sth.

40.停止stop cease/prevent from

41.发展，培养develop cultivate/nurture

42.保持keep preserve/ maintain/ hold

43.显示show indicate/ reveal

44.忽视ignore neglect/ pay no attention to

形容词篇

1.许多many a great number of/quite a few/considerable much/a great deal of/numerous

2.一些some several/ a couple of

3.越来越多的more and more an increasing number of/increasingly

4.大部分most of a majority of

5.好的good fantastic/outstanding/remarkable

6.坏的bad terrible/awful

7.漂亮的beautiful attractive/gorgeous/eye-catching/appealing/charming

8.重大的great significant/ of significance

9.困难的hard/difficult tough/ challenging

10.重要的important vital/critical /of importance/crucial/significant/essential

11.有用的useful beneficial/of use/of benefit

12.基本的basic essential

13.必须的necessary indispensable/ of necessity

14.高兴的happy delighted/ cheerful/pleased

15.劳累的tired exhausted

16.真实的true sth is the case

17.严重的serious severe

18.共同的common shared

19.富有的rich wealthy

20.贫穷的poor needy

21.清晰的clear obvious/ apparent/evident

22.著名的famous well-known/outstanding

23.有用的helpful beneficial/ rewarding

24.便宜的cheap economical/inexpensive

25.聪明的clever brilliant/ intelligent

副词类

1.绝不never by no means

2.非常very extremely/highly/profoundly

3.马上soon immediately

4.仅仅only barely/merely/nothing but

5.现如今nowadays currently/ for the moment/in the last few years

6.有时候sometimes occasionally

7.然而however nevertheless

8.通常usually more often than not

名词类

1. 能力ability capability

2. 问题problem issue/trouble/dilemma

3. 年轻人teenager youngster/adolescent

4. 老年人old people the elderly aged

4. 计划安排plan arrangement

5. 困难difficulty obstacle/barrier

6. 人person/one individual

7. 会议meeting conference

8. 方法way method/ approach

9. 工作job career/ profession

其他类

1.在我看来In my opinion From my perspective/As far as I’m concerned

2.事实上In fact As a matter of fact

3.在…期间during in the course of

4.例如for example for instance/such as/consisting of

5.一…就…as soon as on/Upon doing sth, ... /The moment/Hardly (had) …when/No sooner (had) …than …

6.因为介词：because of on account of/due to/owing to

连词：because in that/for the reason that/ now that

7.与此同时at the same time meanwhile

8.如果if providing/provided (that)/as long as

9.尽管although in spite of

10.因此so therefore/ consequently/ as a result

11. 并且，和and as well as/along with/ in addition

英语写作中可替换的高级词汇

1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) The way you and I approach today, and each day, is crucial. 我们对待今天以及每一天的方式都是至关重要的。 Whether at work or at home, the goal is to engage in activities that are both personally significant and enjoyable. 无论在工作中还是在家里，目标都是从事个人重大的并且令人愉快的活动。 https://www.360docs.net/doc/7611566591.html,mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) Music has been called the universal language. 人们称音乐为世界的语言. Happiness is ubiquitous, may fall short of demand. 幸福无处不在,可还是供不应求. 3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) He has received ample praise for the work he did. 他所做的工作，使他获得了广泛的赞美。 This place has plentiful material resources. 这地方的物质资源是丰富的。 4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly. 我们必须坚持人人都应该被平等对待这一原则。 The children cling to their father for more pocket money. 孩子们粘着爸爸，要他再给些零花钱。 5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) Focus in the person who are talking with you,ignore something else. 把全身的注意力都集中在与你谈话的人身上，忽略其他。 6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) His house is adjacent to mine. 他的寓所与我的相毗连。 It is certain that virtue adjoins pride on one side. 好的品德常会引人走向骄傲自满的一面，那是不假的。 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) He wooed and won her. 他向她求爱成功而结婚。 Older people may seek their own friends rather than become too emotionally dependent on their children.

(完整)写作高级词汇替换

写作高级词汇替换 ★形容词： 1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant 2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous 3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful 4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent 5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished 7.Serious 严重的Severe 8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive ★动词： 1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 认为：think = assert= hold = claim = argue 8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten 1.Improve 提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance 2.change 改变：Transform 3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个9星级用法) 4.Develop培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 5.Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate 6.Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源 7.deal With解决Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve 8.need 需要Require、necessitate、call for ★名词： 1. 影响：influence= impact 2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard

(完整word版)英语写作高级词汇替换大全

.增补(Addition) in addition另外, furthermor e此外, again, also, besides, moreover此外, similarly, finally最后2.比较(Comparison) in the same way, likewise同样地, similarly, equally, in comparison比较起来, just as同样地3.对照(Contrast) whereas然而, in contrast与此相反, on the other hand, instead同样, however然而, nevertheless然而, unlike, even though即使, on the contrary, while 4.因果(Cause and effect) because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus 5.强调(Emphasis) certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant 6.让步(Concession) although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true.... 7.例证(Exemplification) for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8.总结(Conclusion) to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary 9.推断(Inference) therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 10.时间和空间(Time and space) afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 11.启承转合 1)、启 A proverb says...... At present....... As the proverb says.... Currently..... Generally speaking, .... Now,.... In general, ..... On the Whole.... It is clear that.... Recently..... It is often said that.... Without doubt, ....... 2)、承 First(of all), ...... Moreover, ......... Firstly, ............ No one can deny that.... In the first place, ......... Obviously..... To begin with, ......... Of course, ......... Also, ....... Similarly,......... At the same time...... Therefore, we should realize that..... Certainly...... There is no doubt that....... In addition,..... What`s more, .......... In fact........ It can be easily proved that...

学术写作中常用高级用词替换

常用词的学术替换动词替换： 1.Improve 提高： Promote: 促进AC之间的贸易promote the trade between A and C; He was promoted to senior manager in this company. Advance: our understanding of human genetics has considerably(非常的，可换做vastly) advanced. Enhance: the publi city has enhanced his reputation.这次宣传提高了他的名望 2.change 改变： Transform:多指改头换面，完全改变，不能用于形容slight change。说到人口变化：the increasing population has transformed the landscape and structure of local industry structure.人口剧增改变了小镇的景色以及当地的工业结构 3.Emphasize 强调： Highlight：the report highlight the decline in the numbers of native(可以换作local) plants and insects. Stress: He stresses the need for parents to listen to their children. Accentuate: the crisis accentuates the gap between rich and poor. (highlight and emphasize 的区别：highlight是告诉人们重点，因而能够让别人注意，类似于老师勾重点；而emphasize则是使重点清晰，不管别人是否能注意得到。而stress则和emphasize差不多) 4.Develop培养： Cultivate: cultivate the ability of … ；培养情操；cultivate a more relaxed and positive way towards life. Nurture: 养育，同样可以指培养人才（talents）the sea nutures ample marine animals. 5.Break 破坏： Impair：impair ability; 主要是破坏能力，莫乱用。 Undermine这个词也是指的是抽象意义上的破坏，有逐渐削弱之意，重点是循序渐进的过程。Undermine one’s ability/confidence/authority/position/credibility Jeopardize: 不能乱用，破坏的东西要上一定的等级才能配上此词。比如Jeopardize the process of peace.破坏和平进程 Devastate特指毁灭、蹂躏the earthquake devastated the whole city. 6.Keep 保存 Preserve、Conserve 保护资源用的就是这个词，不要用protect，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西。 7.deal With解决 Tackle: tackle the problem. Resolve: resolve dispute争论/conflict冲突/problem/issue/crisis危机；来自拉丁语，比较正式。 8.need 需要 Require：xxx requires courage and confidence. Necessitate: 用法不简单，没有摸透。 call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个【我不晓得奥巴马咋个用的，原帖是这样

英语六级写作常用词的高级词汇替换

英语六级写作常用词的高级词汇替换一：许多一提到“许多”，无数童鞋的脑海中第一时间浮现了一个词："many"，于是，阅卷老师心中可能如千万只神兽奔腾而过，初中词汇拿来糊弄我! 所以，为了避免阅卷老师的愤怒，我们可以用以下的词汇替换。替换词NO.1：numerous 栗子：Scientific development meant the growth of numerous professions ancillary to medicine. 科技发展意味着许多医学衍生职业的增长。替换词NO.2：a host of 栗子：The new e-books will include a host of Rough Guide titles. 新电子书将包括大量的简明指南。替换词NO.3：a multitude of 栗子：There are a multitude of small quiet roads to cycle along. 有很多可以骑车的宁静小路。

二：不同的提到“不同的”，别跟小编说你没想到"different"一词。。。这个词无形中把你的词汇量拉低，可能让阅卷老师暗中发出“英语(精品课)智障”的感叹。所以为了减少阅卷老师对你智商的无限怀疑，请看下列几个替换词。替换词NO.1：various 栗子：They've been living and working peacefully with members of various ethnic groups. 他们和不同民族的人们一起和睦地生活和工作。替换词NO.2：a variety of 栗子：West Hampstead has a variety of good shops and supermarkets. 西汉普斯特德有各种各样不错的店铺和超级市场。替换词NO.3：diverse 栗子：people from diverse cultures 不同文化背景的人三：普遍的

英语写作高级词汇替换

★形容词： 1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken .) 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5.消极的,不良的：bad = detrimental=evil= baneful =undesirable ＝harmful=inhumane(无人道的) 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10. 有活力的: energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11. 流行的: popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 12. 普遍的: everywhere=widespread=prevalent=overflow=rampant 13. 富有的: rich=wealthy=affluent 14. 贫穷的: poor=impoverished 15. 严重的：serious=severe (严厉的) 16. 便宜的：cheap=economical=inexpensive 17. 重要的：key=crucial=critical=important=significant=vital=substantial= indispensable=imperative 18. 急剧地：dramatically=drastically=sharply=hugely=enormously=steeply =substantially=considerably=significantly=markedly=surprisingly=strikingly=radically= remarkably=vastly=noticeably 19. 平稳地：steadily=smoothly=slightly=slowly=marginally=gradually=moderately= mildly 20. 有益的：useful=helpful=beneficial= profitable= rewarding= advantageous 21. 明显的：clear=obvious= evident= self-evident= manifest= apparent= crystal-clear ； ★动词： 1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= advance=promote = strengthen = optimize 2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with=tackle=address(*)=handle 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture=agriculture 6. 激发,鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 认为：think = believe=insist=maintain=conclude=deem=assert= hold = claim = argue =be convinced=be firmly convinced=be fully convinced 8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold= conserve 保护资源 10. 有害于,破坏，损害：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize= break=damage=hurt=injure=harm=jeopardize=devastate (抽象)

_英语写作中高级同义词替换(zhang)

英语写作中高级同义词替换连词篇：（介词，副词） Firstly: previously, beforehand, foremost, initially, originally, formerly, principally, mainly, essentially, basically, generally, commonly, universally, on the whole, fundamentally, to begin with, to start with, first of all, at the outset… Then: subsequently, afterward, thereafter, after that, secondarily, what is more, furthermore (further more)… Lastly: ultimately, eventually, in conclusion, to conclude, as a final point, last of all, last but not least, finally… Too: as well (句末)也, in addition, besides, moreover, additionally, to boot, excessively, also… And: plus, as well as, along with, in addition, bonus, with… Or: otherwise, if not, before, or else…

So (adv): therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, as a result, for that reason, hence, that’s why Because: as, due to, since, as to, in that, for the reason that, for, now that… But: however, moreover, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, 让步although, even thought, though, even if, while, as, despite the fact that… Only: just, merely, barely, singly, solely, rarely… Without: excluding, Very: extremely, acutely, decidedly, deeply, exceedingly, greatly, highly, uncommonly, profoundly, unusually… Actually: as a matter of fact, indeed, in fact, in point of fact, in reality, in truth, literally, truly … 形容词/副词

写作高级词汇替换

写作高级词汇替换 ★形容词: 1、贫穷的:poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken 2、富裕的:rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3、优秀的:excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4、积极的,好的:good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5、消极的,不良的:bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable 6、明显的:obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7、健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome 8、惊人的:surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9、美丽的:beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10、有活力的:energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11、流行的: popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 1、Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant 2、Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous 3、Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful 4、Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent 5、Poor 贫穷的Impoverished 7、Serious 严重的Severe 8、Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 9、cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive ★动词: 1、提高,加强:improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2、引起:cause = trigger = endanger 3、解决:solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4、拆除:destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5、培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 6、激发,鼓励:encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7、认为: think = assert= hold = claim = argue 8、完成:complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve 9、保留:keep = preserve = retain = hold 10、有害于:destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 11、减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten 1、Improve 提高:Promote、Advance、Enhance 2、change 改变:Transform 3、Emphasize 强调:Highlight、Stress、Address(这就是个9星级用法) 4、Develop培养:Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 5、Break 破坏:Impair、Undermine这两个词指的就是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate 6、Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源 7、deal With解决Tackle、Address(这也就是高难度用法,很牛)、Resolve 8、need 需要Require、necessitate、call for ★名词: 1、影响:influence= impact 2、危险:danger = perils =hazard

高考英语写作高级替换词整理

高考英语写作高级替换词整理【原则一:晚词优先】老师偏爱“学得晚”得单词,因为使用学得比较晚得单词,可以体现一个人“学以致用”得意识。如果一个意思既可以用初中单词来表达,又可以用高二、高三单词来表达,那尽量选择高二、高三得单词,如: (１)Adｊ、困难得黯然低分词:ｄｉfficｕlｔ?闪光高分词：ｃhaｌlｅnginｇ有挑战性得 (2)Adj、重要得黯然低分词:ｉmｐortant ?闪光高分词:vｉtal 至关重要得；essenｔial 必不可少得; siｇｎifｉｃaｎｔ有重要意义得; (3)Adｊ、美丽得?黯然低分词：beaｕtiful 闪光高分词:ａpｐeaｌiｎg动人得;attracｔｉvｅ吸引人得; ｃｈａrｍｉｎｇ迷人得;faｓcｉｎating 迷人得 ??注:以上五个词既能修饰人,又能修饰物,非常好用,务必记熟! 【原则二:短语优先】在阅卷老师瞧来,活用短语就是一个考生能力得体现。因此,我们可以掌握一些将某些常见单词转化为短语得用法,如: （4)v、参加?黯然低分词:joｉｎ??闪光高分词:takｅpaｒｔin (5）v、使用?黯然低分词：uｓe 闪光高分词:make goodｕse ｏf (6)v、拜访?黯然低分词:visit ?闪光高分词:ｐａy a viｓｉt to 【原则三:“具体化”单词优先】请先对比以下几组句子: 【例句1】Ｉgｏtｏschooｌevｅry daｙ、【例句2】Iｒｉde tｏschool ｅｖeｒy day、在课堂上,笔者经常以这两个句子为例,讲解“具体化”得重要性。很多同学都能感觉到例句2要比例句1好。究其原因,就是例句2中得ｒode比例句1中得weｎt更加具体：weｎt只表达了“去”得意

写作高级词汇替换

11. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant 2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous 3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful 4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent 5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished 7.Serious 严重的Severe 8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive ★动词： 1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate

英语作文高级词汇替换

书面表达中的高级结构高三英语教师在讲评书面表达时，经常告诉学生说，书面表达要得高分，就得有高级句型和高级词汇；但很多同学在写书面表达时，总认为高级句型和高级词汇很神秘，高不可及。其实，未必如此！通过研读一些优秀的学生习作和历年高考书面表达的范文，我们发现，很多所谓的高级句型和高级词汇正是我们老师反复讲解和训练的。下面列举一些常见且高级的词汇和句型，供同学们参考。一．高级词汇 1．occur 替换think of Suddenly I had an idea that someone had b roken into my house. → An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house. 2．devote替换spend He spends all his spare time in reading. → He devotes all his spare time to reading. 3．seek替换want / look for They sought ( wanted ) to hide themselves behind the trees. 4．average 替换ordinary I’m an average ( ordinary ) student. 5．but替换very The film we saw last night was very interesting. → The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting. The film we saw last night was anything but boring. 6．seat 替换sit On his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried. 7．suppose 替换should He is supposed to ( should ) have driven more slowly. 8．appreciate 替换thank Thank you very much for you help. → We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated. 9．the case替换true I don’t think it is the case ( true ). 10．on替换as soon as As soon as he arrived, he began his research. → On his arrival, he began his research.. 11．due to替换because of He arrived late due to ( because of ) the storm. 12．cover替换walk/read After covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired. 13．contribute to替换be helpful/useful Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. → Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study. 14．round the corner 替换coming soon/ nearby ① The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans? ② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby). 15．come to light替换discover

英语写作高级词汇替换大全

. 增补(Addition) in addition 另外, furthermor e 此外, again, also, besides, moreover 此外, similarly, finally 最后 2. 比较(Comparison) in the same way, likewise 同样地, similarly, equally, in comparison 比较起来, just as 同样地3. 对照(Contrast) whereas 然而, in contrast 与此相反, on the other hand, instead 同样, however 然而, nevertheless 然而, unlike, even though 即使, on the contrary, while 4. 因果(Cause and effect) because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus 5. 强调(Emphasis) certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant 6. 让步(Concession) although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true .... 7. 例证(Exemplification) for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration. 8. 总结(Conclusion) to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary 9. 推断(Inference) therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise 10. 时间和空间(Time and space) afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of 11. 启承转合 1) 、启 A proverb says ............. At present As the proverb says .. Currently.... Generally speaking, . Now, ...... In general, On the Whole It is clear that ... Recently .... It is often said that .. Without doubt, ....... 2) 、承 First(of all), ..... Moreover, ....... Firstly, ............ No one can deny that In the first place, ....... Obviously ...... To begin with, ........ Of course, ....... Also, ..... Similarly, ........ At the same time ... Therefore, we should realize that ....... Certainly ....... There is no doubt that .... In addition,..... What's more, ........... In fact ...... It can be easily proved that... Meanwhile ....