人教版英语七下期末测试题(精品)

七年级（下）期末复习题

(其实并不难，只是有点烦。Come on!)

一、单项选择

( ) 1. I think it’s really _____ hard work for me to finish the job in 20 minutes. (杭州)

A a

B an

C the

D /

( ) 2. What _____ useful book it is! --- Yeah, it tells us how to play _____ piano. (长沙)

A an, the

B a, /

C a, the

D an, /

( ) 3. Lily was _____ hungry _____ she ate three hamburgers in one go. (乐山)

A too, to

B so, that

C such, that

D as, as

( ) 4. --- Wow! _____ beautiful the music is! --- Yes. That’s my favorite. (济宁)

A.What

B. What a

C. What an

D. How

( ) 5. _____ beautiful skirt it is! --- Yes, I’ll take it. (黔西南)

A.How

B. How a

C. What

D. What a

( ) 6. Excuse me. Is there a post office near here? --- Yes, _____ is. Go down this street and turn right. (济南)

A it

B this

C that

D there

( ) 7. Don’t _____ late, Mary. You have a singing competition tomorrow morning. --- OK, dad. I’ll go to bed right now. (温州)

A dress up

B grow up

C stay up

D put up

( ) 8. Do you often get online? --- Yes, I __ lots of time on it. It’s a good way to kill time. (潍坊) A cost B spend C take D use

( ) 9. Excuse me, Sir. _____ is it from here to the nearest shopping mall? --- Well, only about five minutes’ walk. (湖州)

A.How often

B. How long

C. How far

D. How soon

( ) 10. There____ a lot of meat on the plate. Would you like some? --- Just a little, please. (北京) A is B are C am D be

( ) 11. Did you read today’s newspaper, Jane? --- Yes, it was boring. There wasn’t _____ in it. A. something interesting B. interesting something

C. interesting anything

D. anything interesting

( ) 12. Two places of interest in Beijing are well-known to people from home and abroad. One is the Great Wall, _____ is the Summer Palace. (哈尔滨)

A. another

B. other

C. the other

D. the others

( ) 13. Does Antonia always finish his homework on time? ---Yes, of course. He _____ leaves today’s work for tomorrow. (荆门)

A. also

B. hardly

C. only

D. usually

( ) 14. Do you know who cleaned the blackboard, Tina? --- Yes. John _____. (德阳)

A. do

B. does

C. did

D. doing

( ) 15. We have five kinds of schoolbags. Do you like this one? --- No, can you show me ______? (广东)

A. another

B. each other

C. the other

D. others

( ) 16. I called you, but nobody answered. Where _______ you? (重庆)

A.is

B. are

C. was

D. Were

( ) 17. You’re new here, _____? --- Yes, I’m from Dujiangyan. I came here last week. (重庆)

A. do you

B. don’t you

C. are you

D. aren’t you

( ) 18. Tom is from America. --- Great! He can help me my English. (鄂州)

A. for

B. to

C. with

D. in

( ) 19. When I was young, my father used to ________ me some interesting stories. (南充)

A. say

B. tell

C. talk

D. speak

( ) 20. Do you know the way to the post office? --- Yes. Follow me and I’ll ____ you. (江西)

A. call

B. pick

C. show

D. invite

( ) 21. What time is it? --- It’s _____ (5:20). Let’s go home together.

A. five to twenty

B. twenty five

C. five past twenty

D. twenty past five

( ) 22 . How can I go to the supermarket, Paul? --- ___ my bike. It’s not far from here. (10 温州) A. On B. By C. In D. With

( ) 23. ---Would you like to drink _______ milk? ---Yes, I’d love to. But there isn’t ____ milk in the cup. (北京)

A. some; some

B. some; any

C. any; some

D. any; any

( ) 24. _______ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ______ teachers. (无锡)

A. A number of, women

B. A number of, woman

C. The number of, women

D. The number of, woman

( ) 25. -We can use QQ to talk with each other on the Internet. — Really? Will you please show me ____ it? (资阳)

A.what to use

B. how to use

C. how can I use

D. what can I use

( ) 26. ---What are John son’s family like? ---_______.(荆门)

A. His family is just like mine

B. They all like sports

C. Oh, it’s really a big one

D. They are all helpful

( ) 27. There is ____ news about this movie star in the newspaper. Where can I get some? (广东) A. many B. a few C. a lot D. little

( ) 28. There was a telephone call for you. --- . (泉州)

(A) Who was it (B) Who was he (C) What was it (D) Who was she

( ) 29. _____ on the grass, or it will “cry”. (陕西)

A. To walk

B. Not to walk

C. Walk

D. Don’t walk

( ) 30. --Will you please it to me on Friday? -- What about Saturday? My computer doesn't work well these days．(08 德州)

A．take B．give C．email D．bring

二、用单词的是适当形式填空

1. Thousands of __________ (visit) come to my hometown Suqian every year. (宿迁)

2. __________ (luck) for the villagers, the fireman put out the big fire in time. (连云港)

3. I am sure our trip to Hainan will be __________ (excite) next week. (毕节)

4. Can you speak more __________ (slow). I can’t hear you clearly. (毕节)

5. My old neighbor Charles enjoys __________ (take) photos. He always goes out with his camera. (孝感)

6. You will feel happy if you are __________ (friend) to others. (莱芜)

7. By the end of this month, people in Beijing will be able to brush their __________ (tooth) with water from Hubei. (临沂)

8. What was weather like in Beijing yesterday? --- It __________ (snow). (泰安)

9. __________ (hundred) of students took part in the __________ (run) club. (济南)

10. It took them half an hour __________ (get) to the museum by bus last Sunday.

11. I saw a boy __________ (swim) in the river when I was walking past it. (遵义)

12. It's important not __________ (go) near a snake. They are dangerous animals.

13. We need to keep a cat. There are too many __________ (mouse) in this building.

14. What would you like? --- I’d like dumplings with __________ (potato) and beef.

15. What do you usually do in the morning? --- I often practice ________ (speak) English. (绥化)

16. What about going__________ (camp) this Sunday? --- Great. I’d like __________ (go) with you. (自贡)

17. The little boy was __________ (surprise) to see a cake on his table.

18. It was sunny and hot yesterday. We went to the beach and __________ (swim) in the sea.

19. --- What’s wrong? --- I am very tired because I _________ (sleep) late yesterday.

20. How far is the store? --- It’s near here, about ten __________ (minute) walk.

三、根据汉语意思完成单词

1.Eve felt very __________ (疲惫的) after a whole day’s hard work. (济宁)

2.We must teach children how to go __________ (横穿) the road safely. (兰州)

3.Traveling by plane is expensive, but it __________ (节省) time. (广州)

4.I’m _________ (害怕的) of the dark. That’s why I always go to sleep with the light on. (孝感)

5. Tom can speak three __________ (语言). They are English ,Chinese and French.

6. What did Mr. Wang say just now? --- He ___________ (告诉) us not to play computer games all day. (福州)

7. I __________ (喂养) these hens with my uncle on the farm. It was so much fun.

8. This T-shirt is beautiful, but it’s too __________ (昂贵的) for me.

9. They bring good __________ (运气) to the birthday person.

10. I felt __________ (害怕的) when I saw a snake moving to me in the forest.

四、补全对话

(一)

A: Hello, Tony. You look so worried? ______________________________?

B: I lost my schoolbag. I remembered putting it under a tree.

A: Really? ______________________________?

B: An hour ago. I was playing soccer on the playground. It was lost after that.

A: Bad luck! Is there anything important in your schoolbag?

B: Yes. _______________________________.

A: Don’t worry. Maybe someone took it by mistake (错误地).

B: ?

A: How about going to Lost and Found for help.

B: Good idea. ?

A: It’s just on the second floor in the office building. Maybe you are lucky to find it there.

B: I hope so.

(二)

补全对话(衡阳)

A: Hi, Wang Lin! 1______________________________________?

B: My weekend was great. I felt very happy.

A: 2__________________________________________________?

B: I went to a small village. I visited my grandpa with my parents.

A: 3__________________________________________________?

B: Yes. It’s a little far. It’s about forty kilometers away.

A: What did you do there?

B: I did many things.4_______________________________________.

What about your weekend?

A: 5__________________________.I didn’t have any fun. I just stayed at home and did my homework.

五、用方框中单词的正确形式填空。

go, relax, play, lot, friend, photo, have, orange, shop, beautiful

Dear Jane,

Last week I went to Hawaii (夏威夷) with my family. We __________ a wonderful time. We stayed at a hotel on the beach. The beach was fantastic (极好的) and we __________ volleyball there. The hotel also had a nice swimming pool. The weather was warm, so we __________ swimming a lot. We had breakfast and lunch in the hotel. The food was great. We ate __________ of delicious fruit, like bananas, __________ and pineapples.

One day, we also went to the mountains. The bus trip there was crowded (拥挤的). The mountains were very __________. The next day we went __________ for clothes. Hawaiian shirts are pretty. This place is a little exp ensive and it’s very _________ in October. The people were very __________, too. We took many __________!

六、完型填空(15济南)

Jimmy was five years old and lived with his parents, the Watsons, in Smithville, in the south of the USA. He loved his big black __1__, Big Boy. Last week, in the early hours of the morning, a terrible smell woke Big Boy up __2__ his sleep. The dog got up and walked into the kitchen. There the smell and heat (温度) grew stronger. Big Boy could __3__ that something was wrong. He barked (吠) and ran up to the second floor. He barked and barked at the door of Jimmy’s room, __4__ there was no answer.

Then he ran to Mr. And Mrs Watson’s room. He barked again, more loudly, and tried to __5__ the door open. Mr. and Mrs. Waston didn’t wake up. Big Boy ran back to Jimmy’s room. He made as much __6__ as he could.

Finally, Jimmy came to the door and opened it. “Big Boy, what’s wrong?” Jimmy said. Big Boy took Jimmy’s __7__ in his mouth and tried to pull him down (拉到) to the first floor. “Big Boy, Big Boy, stop! Stop! What are you __8__? Mum, Dad, come quickly! Help! Help!” Jimmy shouted loudly.

His parents ran out of their room. They understood that there was a fire. They __9__ picked Jimmy up and ran out of the house. Big Boy ran after them. Just then, the fire came all the way up to the top of the __10__.

Big Boy saved the family! He’s a hero (英雄) today in Smithville.

( ) 1. A hat B boy C bag D dog

( ) 2. A for B from C into D with

( ) 3. A feel B wish C look D remember

( ) 4. A so B but C if D because

( ) 5. A keep B turn C push (推) D close

( ) 6. A food B money C noise D friend

( ) 7. A head B nose C back D hand

( ) 8. A doing B saying C writing D drinking

( ) 9. A quietly B slowly C quickly D easily

( ) 10. A tree B house C family D mountain

六、阅读理解

My cousin Bill likes __________ (go) to the beach on Sunday. Last Sunday it was sunny, he __________ (go) there with his brother. They got there at 9:00. There were lots of people there on vacation. Bill and his brother __________ (sit) down and began to relax.

Soon Bill found there __________ (be) lots of empty(空的) water __________ (bottle) on the beach. He also saw some paper bags on the beach (海滩). That made Bill sad. He and his brother began to work. To clean the beach. They worked hard. About two hours late, the beach was clean again. At last they put up a sign, saying, “No Littering(乱扔)” on the beach. They wanted people __________ (keep) the beach clean. After that, they were very hungry. So they went to a restaurant nearby to have lunch. They had two large bowls of beef noodles there, and then went home.

( ) 1. Last Sunday the weather was .

A. rainy

B. cloudy

C. sunny

D. cold

( ) 2. Bill saw many on the beach.

A. money

B. bottles

C. books

D. signs

( ) 3. Bill and his brother spent about .

A. one hour

B. two hours

C. three hours

D. four hours

( ) 4. The underlined phrases “put up” means “ ” in Chinese.

A.推荐

B. 提供

C. 提出

D. 贴出

( ) 5. Which of the following is TRUE （真的）？

A. Bill is very lazy

B. Bill stayed on the beach all day.

C. The restaurant is near the beach.

D. Bill’s brother had a small bow l of noodles for lunch.

The snow lasted until last Friday. I opened the window this morning and saw the sun but I felt much colder.

“Why not __________ to work on foot, dear ?” said my husband, “It is __________ for you to drive.”

I thought he was right and agreed. It would take me about forty minutes to go to my hospital. There was about an hour left , so I started, with a bag of sandwich for breakfast. In the streets there was thick (厚) snow and ice and the traffic was less than before and people walked __________. Suddenly I saw a car going fast. The driver tried to pass the crossing __________ the lights turned red. Maybe he didn ’t see two boys in the middle of the street. His car knocked down (撞倒) one boy and stopped just in front of the police box.

People crowded around the boy at once. I rushed out of the gathering crowd (聚集的人群) and was going to look him over . But a man pushed me aside and said,“Step back (向后退),please. I know how to save him.”

I had to stand and watch his first aid (急救) for a few __________. Then I said to him,“When you need a doctor, sir, I ’m already here.”

一、用方框内所给单词的适当形式填空

二、选择最佳答案

( ) 1.It ,s today.

A. snowy

B. cloudy

C. sunny

D. windy

( ) 2.I left home this morning.

A. after breakfast

B. before breakfast

C. as usual

D. too late

( ) 3.People walked carefully because .

A. it was very cold

B. there was much traffic

C. they wore warm clothes

D. there was much snow and ice in the streets

( ) 4.The driver knocked down the boy because .

A. he had something important to do

B. he was afraid to be late for work

C. there was no policeman there

D. he drove too fast past the crossing

( ) 5.The man thought .

A. only he could give the boy first aid

B. the hospital was far from there

C. he was ready to help the police

D. he had a lot of knowledge of medicine

七、书面表达

根据下列提示，上个周末John 的一家人都做了那些事情，他们都感觉怎么样？要求：1. 包含提示中的内容，可适当发挥；

2. 表达准确，句意流畅，词数70词左右；

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ minute, go, danger, before, careful 爸爸睡觉妈妈看电视吃东西约翰爬山爷爷锻炼身体听音乐

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共方学校七升八年级英语水平测试姓名:________ 得分:_______ 分数：100分时间：90分钟一、选择填空（15分）（）1. The book store is far away from here. You'd better____________. A. by bus B．on a bus C． take a bus D． in a bus （）2. -Would you please go out for a walk with me? -_______, but I'm too busy now. A．That's right． B. I'd love to C． Of course not D．That's all right （）3. -I'm hungry ,Mom. --__________ A.What about a pizza? B．I'm hungry ,too C．It's time for lunch D．What about you? （）4. _________interesting dolphin it is! A．How an B．How a C．What an D．What a （）5. Thank you for________ me the good news A．tell B．to tell C．telling D．told （）6. Chinese people's favorite food is ________ A．rice B．hamburger C．hot dog D．lemon nada （）7. --________do you want to be an actor? --It's very interesting. A. What B．When C． How D．Why （）8. --Would you like some drink? --_______. A. Here you are B．Yes, just a little C. Please give me some D. Yes, I like （）9. If you are hungry ,you can buy_______ in a supermarket. A．water B．house C．drink D．food （）10. Is there a pay phone ________the neighborhood? A．in B．on C．to D．off （）11. I________ know where the post office is. A．not B．don't C．doesn't D．am not （）12. Why______ he like koala bears? A．is B．are C．do D．does （）13. ________late for school again. A．Not B．Not be C．Don't be D． Aren't （）14. --___________pizza would you like? --A small one ,please A．What kind of B．What size C. How many D．How much （）15. --________does your uncle do? - He is an engineer. A．What B．Where C．How D．Why 二、完形填空（10分） It 16 Sunday yesterday . We had 17 classes. I got up at 6:30 18 morning. Then my mother and I went to the shop. We wanted to do some 19 . My mother wanted to buy some food 20 supper and I wanted to buy some school things: some books and a pen. The shop 21early in the morning. 22 a lot of people in the shop. They were 23 , old and young. Some things in the shop were cheap ,some were not. We bought some food and school things. The people in the shop 24 friendly 25 .（）16．A．is B．was C．it's D．it was （）17．A．no B．not C．not any D．much （）18．A．in B．in the C．at D．at the （）19．A．shops B．shoping C．shopping D．shop （）20．A．for B．to C．with D．at （）21．A．open B．opening C．is opening D．opened （）22．A. There is B．There has C．There were D．There have （）23．A.man and woman B.mans and womans C.men and women D.a man and a woman （）24. A．was B．were C．did D．have （）25．A．for we B．to us C．for our D．to ours 三、阅读理解（30分）A Billy and Sam were twins. They were in the same class. They were both very happy. One day their teacher asked the class to write a composition(作文)"My Mother". Sam wrote one, but Billy was lazy. He just copied his brother's. The next day, the teacher asked Billy why his composition was the same as Sam's. "We have the same mother, don't we?" answered Billy. 根据短文内容判断句子正误，正确的填A，错误的填B。（）26．Sam was older than Billy. （）27．Sam and Billy were in different classes （）28．The name of the composition was "My Mother" （）29．Billy's composition was the same as Sam's （）30．Billy was not lazy. He was very clever B ( )31. You want to know something about Japan, you can watch________ A．Weather report B．China's 2004 C．Around the world D．Animal world ( )32. You are a football fan. You may watch TV at___________. A．19:00 on Channel 2 B．19:40Channel 1 C．20:20Channel 2 D．21:15Channel ( )33. How long does the TV play "sisters" last(持续)？ A．30 minutes B．50 minutes C．90 minutes D．120 minutes ( )34. You can watch _______if you want to learn English. A．English news B．English classroom C．English for today D．A、B and C ( )35. Children often like to watch_________. A．Cartoon network B．News C．Weather report D．Sports

七年级下册英语期末试卷 (含答案)

2011—2012学年第二学期终考试 ) A）根据句意及首字母提示，写出空缺处单词。 (每小题1分，共5分) 1. Don’t climb the tall tree. It’s d . 2. His uncle has medium b______ with black hair. 3. She doesn’t mind what young people t______ of her. 4. The things in the supermarket are very e__________. 5. She w______ to the library and read a book about history. B）根据句意用所给单词的正确形式填空. (每小题1分，共10分) 1. My grandma ______ (be) in the garden ，You may find her there. 2. I think she can ______(dance) very well. 3. There are some ________ (tomato) and some beef in the noodles. 4. There ______ (be) no rice and no noodles on the table. 5. It’s 7:15 am. It’s time ______(go) to school. 6. Listen！Someone___________ (talk) in the room. 7. She practiced __________ (speak) English last Sunday. 8. Did you go__________ (shop) with her yesterday? 9. Help __________ (you) to some noodles, children. 10. I would like something __________ (eat). II单项选择。（每小题1分，共20分） ( ) 1. There is ____ old hotel next to my house. _____ hotel is very big and clean. A. a; A B. an; A C. an; The D. the; The ( ) 2. Carol ___ some reading and ____ English last weekend.

(完整版)七年级上册英语期末测试卷

2013--2014年七年级英语上册期末试卷及答案（人教新目标版）本试卷分第I卷(选择题) 和第II卷(非选择题) 两部分。第I卷1至6页；第II卷7至10页。共120分，考试时间100分钟。请考生们掌握好时间，答题时要做到自信、沉着、认真思考。第I 卷（选择题共60分）注意事项：请将代表选择题答案的字母代号填入第II卷中的答题表格中。一、听力测试（共20小题，计20分） (一) 听句子，选择与句子内容相对应的图片。每个句子读两遍。请看第一组的四幅图片，听三个句子，完成第1至第3小题。 A B C D 1. 2. 3. 请看第二组的四幅图片，听三个句子，完成第4至第6小题。

A B C D 4. 5. 6. (二) 听对话和问题，根据所听内容，选择最佳答案。对话和问题都读两遍。 7. A. Chinese. B. Math. C. English. 8. A. To watch TV. B. To go to a movie. C. To play ping-pong. 9. A. They are boring. B. They are difficult. C. They are scary. 10. A. On the dresser. B. On the table. C. In the drawer. 11. A. January fifth. B. January fifteenth. C. January fourteenth. 12. A. action movies B. thrillers C. comedies 13.A. seven dollars B. ten dollars C. nine dollars 14. A. 8796335 B. 8697335 C. 8796553 15. A. Yes, he like B. No, he doesn’t C. Yes, he doesn’t. (三) 听短文，根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误，正确的用“A”表示，不正确的用“B”表示。短文读两遍。听短文前，你们有20秒钟的时间阅读下列句子。 16. Peter is 11 years old.

七年级下册英语期末测试卷及答案

七年级下册英语期末测试卷及答案满分分，考试时间分钟120100笔试部分（分）100Ⅰ单项选择。分) . (15( )1. Lucy and Lily _____ China next week. A. is visit B. are visiting C. visit D. visits ( )2. —How do you go to work? —I usually go to work _____. A. by a car B. in a car C. on a car D. by cars ( )3. —Must I finish my homework now? —No, you _____. A. may not B. mustn't C. can't D. needn't ( )4. They each _____ a CD in their bags. A. have B. has C. is D. are ( )5. It is a good time _____. A. sing B. to sing C. singing D. sang ( )6. Find the answer _____ the question, please. A. of B. with C. to D. for ( )7. —_____ do you go for a picnic? —Once a month. A. How long B. How many times C. How often D. How many time ( )8. —_____ will you stay in America? —About two months. A. How many B. How often C. How long D. How ( )9. She's good at _____. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads ( )10. —Mum, I' m going to Ann' s party this evening. —_____. A. Why not B. Have a good time C. Come back early D. Good idea ( )11. —I'm going to Hawaii with my aunt this month for my holiday. —_____! A. Have a good time B. Best wishes to them C. Thand you very much D. It's OK ( )12. —Excuse me, which is the way to the post office? —Sorry. I'm new here. —_____. A. Not at all B. Bad luck C. Thank you all the same D. Thank you ( )13. —Would you like to go for a picnic with us? —_____, but I'm too busy. A. No, I can't B. I'd like C. Yes, I'd love to D. Why not

研究生英语期末考试试卷

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A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.