汕头二模英语试题阅读理解4篇文章原文及译文.doc

汕头市2013年普通高中高三教学质量测评试题（二）英语

阅读理解原文4篇及中文译文

A

Green invaders are taking over America. Nope, not invaders from space. Plants. You might not think of plants as dangerous, but in this case they are threatening nature's delicate food web.

The invaders are plants from other countries brought here to make gardens and yards look pretty. Ever since people started to arrive on America's shores, they've carried along trees, flowers, and vegetables from other places.

Now there are so many of those plants, they are crowding out the native plants that have lived here since before human settlers arrived.

And that's a problem, says Dr. Doug Tallamy. He's an entomologist (an insect expert) at the University of Delaware. He explains that almost all the plant-eating insects in the United States—90% of them—are specialized. That means they eat only certain plants.

Pretty orange and black monarch butterflies, for example, can only dine on one plant: milkweed. If people cut down milkweed and replace it with something else, the butterflies starve, because their bodies cannot accept any other food.

But the trouble doesn't stop there, it goes right across the food web.

When insects can't get the right plants to eat and they die off, then the birds don't have enough bugs for their meals. Tallamy points out that almost all migrating birds depend on insects to feed their young.

"We cannot let the plants and animals around us disappear, " says Tallamy. "The way to preserve them is to give them food to eat. But when we plant non-native plants, we are clobbering the food web, because then we don't have the insects the birds need to live."

Fewer of the right plants mean fewer bugs, and fewer bugs mean fewer birds.

And that's bad for the Earth, because we need a variety of living things to keep the planet healthy and beautiful.

The good news is, gardeners everywhere are working hard to protect native plants and get rid of the invaders. Many local garden centers sell native plants.

"Just Google 'native plants' and your location, and you can find out which plants really belong where you live, " says Tallamy.

Planting the right things makes a real difference, and fast. He describes planting milkweed in a tiny city courtyard about the size of a living room one spring. By summertime, that milkweed patch had produced 50 new monarch butterflies!

Tallamy encourages kids to go out and plant native plants. "Adopt a bird species in trouble and see if you can plant some things that will

attract the insects they need, " he suggests. "It will happen—insects move around a lot, and they will find the plants you put out there for them!"

外来绿色植物的入侵者正在超过美国的人口数量。不是空间中的侵略者，而是植物。你可能不认为植物是有危险的，但在这种情况下，他们正在微妙的威胁着大自然的食物网。

这些从其他国家引进的植物侵入者，将花园和庭院装饰的非常漂亮。自从人们抵达美国海岸时，这些来自其他地方的物种便与树木、花卉和蔬菜一同也进入了美国。

现在有太多这样的植物，它们甚至开始排挤早在人类出现时便已存在的植物。

这是一个问题，特拉华大学昆虫学家（昆虫专家）Tallamy博士说，在美国，几乎90 ％吃植物的昆虫都是职业的。也就是说，他们只吃特定的植物。

例如漂亮的橙色和黑色君主蝴蝶，它们只会吃一种植物：milkweed 。如果人们将milkweed砍锄或同其它植物一起移植的话，这些蝴蝶便会饿死，因为它们的身体接受不了任何其它食物。

对于整个食物网而言，麻烦并不止如此。当昆虫无法得到适合的可食植物时便会死去，这样一来鸟类便没有足够的食物。Tallamy指出，几乎所有的候鸟都要依靠昆虫来喂养自己的幼鸟。

“我们不能让身边的植物和动物消失了, ”Tallamy 说“能够保护它们的方法就是给它们提供食物。但是，当我们种植非本地植物时，

我们也是在破坏自然界的食物网，因为我们并没有得到鸟类赖以生存的昆虫。”

越来越少的植物就意味着越来越少的昆虫，相应地，也就意味着鸟类的渐少。这对地球而言是可怕的，因为我们需要各种各样的生物体来维持健康美丽的地球。

令人欣慰的是，各地的园林者们正在努力的保护本土植物来摆脱侵入种的破坏。许多当地的花园中心都在出售原生植物。“在谷歌网上收索‘本土植物和所属地域’，你就可以找出真正属于你居住地的植物了。”Tallamy说道。

种植正确植物会产生明显的效果，Tallamy介绍说，他在一个起居室大小的庭院里种植milkweed，结果发现这一植物的碎片竟然产生出了50个新生君主蝴蝶！

Tallamy鼓励孩子们走出去，种植本土植物。“收养一只陷入困境的鸟类，并且观察一下，如果你能种植吸引鸟类所需昆虫的植物时，会发生什么。”他建议说道。“这一定会发生，因为昆虫在不停的移动，他们一定会找到你为他们种植的植物！”

B

In Western countries people have been using the installment plan since the first half of the twentieth century. Today, a large proportion of all the families in Great Britain buy furniture, household goods and cars

by installment. In the U.S.A., the proportion is much higher than in Great Britain, and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan.

The goods bought on the installment plan are, in almost every case, goods that will last—radios, television sets, washing machines, refrigerators, motorcars, motorcycles, and furniture.

The price of an article bought in this way is always higher than the price that would be paid by cash. There is a charge for interest. The buyer pays a proportion, perhaps one －quarter or one －third, of the price as a down payment when the goods are delivered to him. He then makes regular payments, weekly or monthly, until the full price is paid up. The legal ownership of the goods remains with the seller until the final payment has been made.

Installment buying has advantages and disadvantages. In the past, it was easy to find couples who had been saving for years in order to furnish their homes. Now, they don’t have to do that. Installment buying can help couples with small incomes to furnish their homes and start housekeeping. It increases the demand for goods, and in this way helps business and employment.

There is, however, the danger that when business is bad, installment buying may end suddenly, making business much worse. This may result in a great increase in unemployment. If the people on the installment plan

lost their jobs, they would probably not be able to make their payments. If great numbers of people are not able to pay their installment debts, there is a possibility that businessmen cannot collect their debts and will therefore lose money. If businessmen lose money or fail to make a satisfactory profit, the possibilities of having a depression are increased. This is why, in some countries, the government controls the installment plan by fixing the proportion of the down payment and the succeeding installments to discourage people from buying more than they can pay for on the installment plan.

在西方国家，人们从二十世纪上半叶以来一直用分期付款的方式购物。今天，很大部分的英国家庭用分期付款的方式购买家具、家用电品和气车。在美国，用分期付款购物的比例高于英国。美国人将其百分之十以上的收入用于分期付款购物。

用分期付款方式购买的商品，几乎都是耐用品，——收音机、电视机、洗衣机、冰箱、汽车、摩托车和家具。

用这种办法购买的物品，其价格要比用现金购买的价格要高，因为要加收利息费用。购买者在拿到货物之前须支付一定比例的价款，也许是四分之一或者三分之—作为定金，以后按期付款，如按周或按月付款，直到付清全部货款。货物的所有权归售货商所有，直到付完全部货款为止。

分期付款购物有利有弊。过去，人们经常看到一对夫妇为了购买

家具布置房间，需要储蓄好多年。现在，他们不用这样做了。分期付款购物可以帮助收入较低的夫妇购买家具布置房间，维持家计。其结果増加了商品需求，这样做有助于企业发展，有助于提高就业水平。然而，也伴随一种危险，即当企业不景气时，分期付款购物会突然中断，使企业更难以为继。这可能导致失业者大量增加。如果购物者失业，也就失去了支付货款的能力。如果有许多购物者无力偿付货款，就会出现一种可能性，即商家收不回债务，就会亏损。如果商家亏损或赚不到一定的利润，市面就可能更加萧条。这就是在有些国家，政府要控制分期付款购物的原因，即规定首付款与其后各期付款的比例，劝导人们在分期付款购物时不要超出自己的支付能力。

C

The first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn't already know. I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned around to find a wrinkled，little old lady beaming up at me with a smile that lit up her entire being. She said，“Hi handsome. My name is Rose. I' m eighty －seven years old. Can I give you a hug？”I laughed and enthusiastically responded，“Of course you may. ”and she gave me a giant squeeze.

“Why are you in college at such a young，innocent age？”I asked. She jokingly replied，“I'm here to meet a rich husband，get married，have a couple of children，and then retire and travel.”“No，seriously？”I

asked. I was curious what may have motivated her to be taking on this challenge at her age.

“I always dreamed of having a college education and now I'm getting one.”she told me. After class we walked to the student union building and shared a chocolate milk shake We became instant friends. Every day for the next three months we would leave class together and talk nonstop. I was always mesmerized listening to this “time machine”as she shared her wisdom and experience with me.

Over the course of the year，Rose became a campus icon and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and she reveled in the attention bestowed up her from the other students. She was living it up. At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet. I'll never forget what she taught us. She was introduced and stepped up to the podium. As she began to deliver her prepared speech，she dropped her three by five cards on the floor. Frustrated and a little embarrassed she leaned into the microphone and simply said，“I'm sorry I'm so jittery. I gave up beer for Lent(一种威士忌的牌子) and this whisky is killing me. I'll never get my speech back in order so let me just t ell you what I know.” As we laughed she cleared her throat and began：“We do not stop playing because we are old；we grow old because we stop playing. There are only four secrets to staying young，being happy，and achieving success.”

“You have to laugh and find humor every day.”

“You've got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams，you die. We have so many people walking around who are dead an d don't even know it.”

“There is a huge difference between growing older and growing up. If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don't do one productive thing，you will turn twenty years old. If I am eighty－seven years old and stay in bed for a year and never do anything I will turn eighty－eight. Anybody can grow older. That doesn't take any talent or ability. The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change.”

“Have no regrets. The elderly usually don't have regrets for what we did，but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.”

She concluded her speech by courageously singing “The Rose.” She challenged each of us to study the lyrics and live them out in our daily lives.

At the year's end Rose finished the college degree she had begun all those years a go. One week after graduation Rose died peacefully in her sleep.

Over two thousand college students attended her funeral in tribute to the wonderful woman who taught by example that it's never too late to be

all you can possibly be.

Remember，growing older is mandatory，growing up is optional.

开学的第一天教授做了自我介绍，他还要求我们去结识某位我们还不认识的人。就在我站起来四处张望时，一只手轻轻地搭在了我的肩上。我转过身一看，一位满脸皱纹个子矮小的老太太正冲着我微笑。这微笑使她浑身光彩照人。她说：“嘿，帅小伙儿，我叫罗斯，今年８７岁。我可以拥抱你吗？”我笑了起来，热情地答道：“当然可以啦。”她紧紧地拥抱了我。

“你为什么在这么年轻而天真的年龄上大学？”我问。她开玩笑地回答说：“我要在此遇到一个有钱的丈夫，结婚，生几个孩子，然后退休，去旅游。”“真的吗？不对吧？”我问她。我很想知道，她这么大年纪，是什么促使她接受这样的挑战呢。

“我一直梦想接受大学教育。而现在我如愿以偿了。”她告诉我说。课后我们一同到学生活动楼，共饮了一杯巧克力泡沫牛奶。我们一下子就成了朋友。在此后的三个月中，我们每天都一起离开课堂，聊起来没完没了。在她向我传授她的智慧和经验时，我总是着了迷似地倾听这个“时间机器”。

在这一年里，罗斯成了校园里的偶像。不管到哪里，她很容易地就交上了朋友。她喜欢精心打扮，陶醉于其他学生对她的注意。她尽情地享受这一切。到学期末，我们请罗斯在我们的足球宴会上讲话。我永远也不会忘记她给我们的教诲。介绍完毕后她就登上讲台。正当她要开始已准备好的演讲时，她的５寸长３寸宽的卡片掉在了地上。

她有些不知所措，还有点尴尬，于是就靠近话筒干脆说了起来：“很抱歉我这么紧张。我为大斋节戒了啤酒，而这威士忌可是毁了我。按原先准备好了的讲是不可能了，还是把我所知道的说给你们听吧。”我们都笑了，她则清了清嗓子开始说：“我们并不因为自己老了而不娱乐；我们因为停止了娱乐而变老。要想保持年轻，过得幸福并取得成功只有４条秘诀。”

“每天都要笑，每天都要找到幽默。”

“一定要有梦想。失去了梦想，人就死了。在我们周围有那么多行尸走肉般的人，他们却不自知。”

“变老和成熟是有巨大区别的。如果你１９岁，在床上躺一整年，而不做一件有成效的事情，你会到２０岁。如果我８７岁，在床上待一年什么也不做，我也会到８８岁。谁都会老，那不需要天才或能力。我的意思是要通过在变化中不断地寻找机会而达到成熟。”

“不要后悔。年长的人一般不会为我们所做的事而后悔，而会为我们所没有做的事后悔。只有充满遗憾的人才惧怕死亡。”

她勇敢地唱了一首《玫瑰之歌》作为结束，还要求我们每个人学习歌词并在日常生活中将词意付诸行动。

年末，罗斯结束了她多年前就开始的大学生涯，取得了学位。毕业一周之后，罗斯在睡梦中平静地去世。

两千多名大学生出席了她的葬礼，对这位了不起的女士表示敬意。她以自身范例教育我们：发挥自己的潜能永不为晚。

记住，衰老是无法抗拒的，而成熟却是可以选择的。

D

Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.

Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10, 000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds

of social networks have similar effects.

So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.

A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.”

41. William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________.

[A] social life provides an effective cure for illness

[B] being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life

[C] women benefit more than men from marriage

[D] marriage contributes a great deal to longevity

42. Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that _________.

[A] older men should quit smoking to stay healthy

[B] marriage can help make up for ill health

[C] the married are happier than the unmarried

[D] unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life

43. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4, Para.

2) refers to _________.

[A] the disadvantages of being married

[B] the emotional problems arising from marriage

[C] the responsibility of taking care of one’s family

[D] the consequence of a broken marriage

44. What does the author say about social networks?

[A] They have effects similar to those of a marriage.

[B] They help develop people’s community spirit.

[C] They provide timely support for those in need.

[D] They help relieve people of their life’s burdens.

45. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

[A] It’s important that we develop a social network when young.

[B] To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.

[C] Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.

[D] We should share our social networks with each other.

41 选D William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________. 注：show that:跟研究所得出的结论或者常理result

A、social life provides an effective cure for illness

社会交往能够有效的治疗我们的疾病（文章没有提到）

B、being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life

能够提到生活质量

C、women benefit more than men from marriage

女人能从婚姻中得到更多的幸福

D、marriage contributes a great deal to longevity

婚姻对长寿祈祷促进作用

42 选B Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that _________.

注：找到研究的领域或方向idea that 同谓语从句，that后面展开说明idea。

A、older men should quit smoking to stay healthy

吸烟和健康的关系（文章中没有提及）

B、marriage can help make up for ill health

Make up 补偿

婚姻可以弥补健康上的缺陷

C、the married are happier than the unmarried

没有提及

D、unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life

43 选A It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _________.

注：找到词，仔细领略上下文的含义，必定是和本意不一样的。inferred 体会出…. Context：文章，意境

A、the disadvantages of being married

B、the emotional problems arising from marriage

C、the responsibility of taking care of one’s family

D、the consequence of a broken marriage

44 选A What does the author say about social networks?

注：social networks 体会出作者的态度或体会是什么。此题的难度比较大

A、They have effects similar to those of a marriage.

B、They help develop people’s community spirit.

C、They provide timely support for those in need.

D、They help relieve people of their life’s burdens.

45 选B What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

注：infer结论性的

A、It’s important that we develop a social network when young.

B、To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.

C、Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.

D、We should share our social networks with each other.