北京市西城区2020届高三上学期期末考试英语(带答案)

北京市西城区2019 — 2020学年度第一学期期末试卷

高三英语

本试卷共10页，共120分。考试时长100 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分：知识运用(共两节，45分)

第一节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Most of us claim we don't have time for exercise. However, many experts say that exercise plays an important role in making our body healthy. Being ___1___( physical) active offers many advantages. As a physical reward, exercise can reduce weight and the risk of heart disease. Exercise also ___2___ ( bring) good effects mentally. It can make us feel refreshed and happy, helping us increase our life quality. Actually, exercise can be done in simple ___3___( way). For example, we can take the stairs rather than the lift. Overall, it's hard to find time to exercise in our busy lives, but every little bit helps.

【答案】1. physically

2. brings

3. ways

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了锻炼的益处很多，而且可以通过简单的方式完成，每做一些锻炼都会有帮助。

【1题详解】

考查副词。句意：保持身体活跃益处很多。分析句子成分可知，active是形容词作表语，需使用副词作状语修饰，因此使用physical的副词形式physically。故填physically。

【2题详解】

考查主谓一致。句意：锻炼也能带来精神上的益处。分析句子成分可知，句中缺少谓语动词，且主语为第三人称单数形式，因此谓语动词应使用bring的第三人称单数形式brings。故填brings。

【3题详解】

考查名词复数。句意：事实上锻炼可以通过简单的方式来完成。分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，way被simple修饰，无定冠词限定，因此使用way的复数形式ways。故填ways。

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

It's a popular belief that fish can't remember anything___4___ longer than seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that

they don't remember what they've eaten or where they've been. But a recent study ____5____ ( find) that a kind of fish called African cichlids can remember events from as long as 12 days ago. Researchers trained the fish to go to a certain area of their tank ___6___ ( get) food. They then waited for 12 days before _____7_____ ( put) them back in the tank again. With the help of computer software, they found the fish still went to the same place where they first got food.

【答案】4. for 5. has found\finds\found

6. to get

7. putting

【解析】

本文是说明文。研究表明鱼的记忆力比我们认为的要好得多。

【4题详解】

考查介词。句意：许多人都认为,鱼的记忆不超过7秒。分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，“for+时间”结构做时间状语表示“长达...”段时间，符合语境。故填for。

【5题详解】

考查动词时态。句意：近日有研究表明，鱼的记忆力比我们认为的要好得多。最近研究报道，像African cichlids的鱼类甚至能记得12天前发生的事。根据语境可知，使用一般过去时表示“过去某时间发现的结果”；使用现在完成时表示“截至目前已经发现的结果”；使用一般现在时表示“客观发现的结果”，三种时态均符合语境。故填has found\finds\found。

【6题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员训练鱼游到鱼缸的特定区域获取食物。分析句子结构可知，句中存在谓语动词trained，且fish与get之间为目的性关系，因此使用不定式形式to get。故填to get。

【7题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：12天后，他们再次将这些鱼放到了这个鱼缸里。分析句子成分可知，介词before后接动词的动名词形式，因此使用put的动名词形式putting。故填putting。

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

In April 2017 , two giant pandas from China arrived at a zoo in the Netherlands. There, they ___8___( welcome) to the Chinese-style compound where they were to live. On May 30, after the preparations were complete, the day finally

came___9___the pandas met their fans for the first time. People were excited because ___10___ zoo is the only place in the country where it is possible to see pandas. In fact, the last time there were pandas in the Netherlands was in 1987.

【答案】8. were welcomed

9. when10. the

【解析】

本文是记叙文。讲述了2017年4月，中国大熊猫引进荷兰动物园，受到当地人热烈欢迎的事情。

【8题详解】

考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：他们受到欢迎到结合中式风格的住所居住。分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，they 与welcome之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，且they为复数，因此使用are welcomed。故填are welcomed。

【9题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：所有准备工作做完后，5月30日，熊猫们首次见粉丝的日子终于到了。通过分析句子结构可知，空后句子是定语从句，修饰限定先行词day时间，因此使用关系词when引导。故填when。

【10题详解】

考查冠词。句意：人们很兴奋，因为这座动物园是城里唯一能看到大熊猫的地方。分析句子结构并翻译语境可知，only意为“唯一”表明zoo应使用定冠词限定。故填the。

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Pam Bales，an experienced hiker，stepped onto snow-covered Jewell Trail. The hike up the lower part of Jewell was ___11___. But less than an hour later，the weather was showing its teeth. Bales began to think about calling it a day. Then she noticed something: a single set of ___12___ in the snow ahead of her. She'd been___13___unclear tracks all day and hadn't given them much ___14___，because so many people climb Jewell Trail. But these，as a volunteer of the Valley Search and Rescue Team，she ___15___，had been made by a pair of sneakers，which was surely not for this kind of trail. Strong wind screamed，and___16___was just hours away. If Bales continued to follow the tracks，she'd add___17___to the journey. But the tracks ahead meant someone might be in ______18______She could not let this go. She silently scolded the absent hiker for ___19___normal safety rules and struggled to walk carefully in the direction of the _____20_____ .

After about tracks to 30 yards，she rounded a corner and saw a man sitting motionless. He wore tennis sneakers and a light jacket. She checked him for any sign of ______21______ . There was none. Bales had been trained in search and rescue and knew that he was hypothermic （体温过低的）and would ____22____soon if he didn't get out of there. The man said he had lost his way and was extremely____23____ . Bales brought a pair of soft-shell pants，a winter hat，and a jacket from her pack. She helped the man ____24____ the warm，dry layers onto his body and offered him some hot cocoa.____25____he stood. She offered continuous encouragement—“ Keep going! You're doing great." Just before 6 p. m.，they arrived at the trailhead very____26____ . Her climb up to the spot where she______27______ the man had taken about four hours. Two hours had passed since then.

A week later，the president of Bales' rescue group received a letter in the mail. It read：“ On Sunday October! 17，1 went up my trail，Jewell. ____28____ was to be bad. But without thinking too much I was dressed to go quickly. Next thing I knew this lady was talking to me，changing my clothes，making me warmer. She just kept____29____me. Finally，I

learned her name was Pam. The entire time she treated me with compassion （同情心），confidence，and one hundred percent commitment..."

In the nine years since she saved John，Bales has become something of a hiking legend （传奇人物）. It's a（n）_____30_____ she never sought or wanted，but one she certainly has earned.

11. A. long B. boring C. pleasant D. unforgettable

12. A. clothes B. tools C. gloves D. footprints

13. A. recording B. following C. covering D. leaving

14. A. response B. expectation C. thought D. hope

15. A. realized B. suggested C. admitted D. remembered

16. A. success B. darkness C. freedom D. disaster

17. A. information B. interest C. risk D. pain

18. A. trouble B. control C. doubt D. touch

19. A. knowing B. making C. judging D. breaking

20. A. wind B. tracks C. sound D. hikers

21. A. power B. life C. injury D. loss

22. A. recover B. escape C. wake D. die

23. A. cold B. starving C. sleepy D. concerned

24. A. pick B. pull C. bring D. carry

25. A. Unwillingly B. Nervously C. Immediately D. Slowly

26. A. tired B. stressed C. upset D. scared

27. A. treated B. observed C. located D. protected

28. A. Chance B. Sight C. Health D. Weather

29. A. praising B. encouraging C. excusing D. instructing

30. A. title B. fortune C. opportunity D. option

【答案】11. C 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. C 22.

D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. A

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。全文主要讲述了一位经验丰富的徒步旅行者Pam Bales在登山途中救了一位登山迷路者的经历。【11题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：爬珠宝小径较低的部分很令人愉悦。A. long长的；B. boring无聊的；C. pleasant愉悦的；D. unforgettable难忘的。结合后文转折后遇到困难可知C项pleasant“愉悦的”切题。故选C项。

【12题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他留意到了雪中的脚印。A. clothes衣服；B. tools工具；C. gloves手套；D. footprints 脚印。通过语境翻译可知脚印切题。故选D项。

【13题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：她沿着这条小径走了一天了，而且因为很多人都爬过这座山，所以她也没多想。A. recording 记录；B. following沿着；C. covering覆盖；D. leaving离开。由前文可知她在爬小径，此处使用following“沿着”符合题意。故选B项。

【14题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：她沿着这条小径走了一天了，而且因为很多人都爬过这座山，所以她也没多想。A. response 回复；B. expectation期待；C. thought想法；D. hope希望。通过语境翻译可知C项切题。故选C项。

【15题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是作为峡谷搜救队的志愿者，她意识到这样的运动鞋绝对不适合爬山。A. realized意识到；B. suggested建议；C. admitted承认；D. remembered记得。根据后文中继续寻找可知，此处是意识到可能存在问题需要解决，A项realized“意识到”切题。故选A项。

【16题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有几小时就要黑天了。A. success成功；B. darkness黑暗、黑天；C. freedom自由；D. disaster 灾难。通过语境翻译可知B项darkness“黑暗、黑天”切题。故选B项。

【17题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果继续的话会增加风险。A. information信息；B. interest兴趣；C. risk风险；D. pain 痛苦。结合前文所述大风在刮马上天黑，表示环境艰险，C项risk“风险”切题。故选C项。

【18题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：前方的轨迹意味着可能有人遇到麻烦了。A. trouble麻烦；B. control控制；C. doubt怀疑；

D. touch触摸。通过语境翻译可知A项trouble“麻烦”切题。故选A项。

【19题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：她小声的责备消失的登山者，他违反了安全规则。A. knowing知道；B. making制作；C. judging评论；D. breaking打破。结合前文所述前方的旅程危险，因此打破了安全规则，D项breaking“打破”切题。故选D项。

【20题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她小心翼翼地往那个登山者的方向走。A. wind风；B. tracks轨迹；C. sound声音；

D. hikers登山者。结合后文所述所跟随的雪地上的轨迹， B项tracks“轨迹”切题。故选B项。

【21题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：她检查了一下他是否有受伤迹象。A. power能力；B. life生活；C. injury受伤；D. loss 损失。通过语境翻译可知C项injury“受伤”切题。故选C项。

【22题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果他不离开这里就会死掉。A. recover恢复；B. escape逃跑；C. wake醒来；D. die死亡。通过后文内容可知，他伤的很重，D项die“死亡”切题。故选D项。

【23题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说他迷路了，感觉特别冷。A. cold寒冷；B. starving饥饿；C. sleepy困倦；D. concerned 担心。结合上文所述可知当时天气极为寒冷，因此A项cold“寒冷”切题。故选A项。

【24题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：她帮这个男人把温暖干净的毯子拉到他的身上，给他一杯热可可。A. pick捡起；B. pull 拉；C. bring带来；D. carry携带。通过语境翻译可知B项pull“拉”切题。故选B项。

【25题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：他慢慢地站了起来。A. Unwillingly不情愿地；B. Nervously紧张地；C. Immediately立即地；D. Slowly慢慢地。结合后文内容可知在她的鼓励下他继续走了下去，此处意为先站了起来。D项切题。故选D 项。

【26题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们疲惫地到达了登山口。A. tired疲惫的；B. stressed有压力的；C. upset沮丧的；D. scared害怕的。根据下句可知她爬山到发现他的地点用了4小时的时间，意在表明路程之长，A项tired“疲惫的”切题。故选A项。

【27题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她爬山到定位他的地点用了4小时的时间。A. treated对待；B. observed观察；C. located 定位；D. protected保护。通过语境翻译可知C项located“定位”切题。故选C项。

【28题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：天气要变坏了。A. Chance机会；B. Sight视力；C. Health健康；D. Weather天气。通过语境翻译可知D项Weather“天气”切题。故选D项。

【29题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：她一直在鼓励我。A. praising表扬；B. encouraging 鼓励；C. excusing找理由；D. instructing 指导。根据前文可知他处于困境中时，她一直在鼓励他增强求生欲，因此B项encouraging“鼓励”切题。故选B项。【30题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：她从没想过会得到这样一个称号，但她真的实至名归得到了。A. title头衔、称号；B. fortune 运气、财富；C. opportunity机会；D. option选择。通过语境翻译可知A项title“头衔、称号”切题。故选A项。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Most Helpful Apps for Students

There's almost an app for everything nowadays, and this can make student life easier, cheaper, safer and more fun. Whether you want help with taking notes, revising, waking up on time or keeping fit，read on for our student app picks．Lecture recording apps

Just a few years ago, students attending lectures would have to spend the entire time writing wildly on notepads, in order not to miss any vital bit of information. Then along came technology, and now，lecture recording apps are a reality.

Sound Note is a popular lecture recording app for iPad users. You can store an entire lecture in both visual and audio form. Other good quality lecture recording apps include Notes Plus and Audio Memos Free—The Voice Recorder.

Student planner apps

Organization is key for success and well-being at university, and student planner apps are becoming increasingly popular. As well as saving on paper, many student planner apps also send reminders and warnings straight to your phone or device. Popular student planner apps include Timetable, My Class Schedule and Class Timetable.

Student safety apps

A number of apps for students have been developed promoting personal safety if out alone at night. The Circle of Six app is particularly useful for locating lost friends on nights out and also allows users to send their circle of six friends an instant call for help at the touch of a button. The GPS tracker will mark your location on your friends" devices, ensuring you'll always be able to find one another if necessary. Other student apps that promote safety include bSafe and React Mobile.

Healthy eating apps

If you're interested in eating healthily while keeping to a student budget, consider downloading a few healthy eating apps. Examples I've come across which are perfect apps for students include Rockin Ramen，a student app featuring a number of nutritious recipes with Ramen as a main ingredient, and MealBoard, an app which plans healthy meals, grocery shops and recipes based on what you've got in the fridge.

31. Which apps send reminders to users?

A. Student planner apps.

B. Lecture recording apps.

C. Student safety apps.

D. Healthy eating apps.

32. What can we learn about the Circle of Six app?

A. It allows users to seek help during an emergency.

B. It encourages users to communicate with friends.

C. It enables users to store an entire lecture.

D. It helps users to lead a healthy life.

33. The main purpose of the passage is to .

A. categorize apps

B. introduce apps

C. evaluate apps

D. compare apps

【答案】31. A 32. A 33. B

【解析】

这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了几款对于学生来讲最好用的应用软件。

【31题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段中“As well as saving on paper, many student planner apps also send reminders and warnings straight to your phone or device.”可知，很多学生计划软件也可以直接向你的手机或设备发送提醒和警告，A项Student planner apps切题。故选A项。

【32题详解】

推理判断题。根据第五段中“The Circle of Six app is particularly useful for locating lost friends on nights out and also allows users to send their circle of six friends an instant call for help at the touch of a button.”可知The Circle of Six应用软件对于定位在夜间迷路的朋友很有用，并且允许使用者按一个按钮就可以给使用The Circle of Six的朋友发即时求救，A项切合题意。故选A项。

【33题详解】

推理判断题。文章的第一段是主题段。作者在这一段中首先从整体上介绍了学生使用手机应用软件的益处，然后在下面的几段中具体介绍了每个应用软件的特点，因此B项符合题意。故选B项。

B

Jeremy Locke, who owns a roofing and construction company in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, had always been wanting to repair the roof of Jeanette MacDonald's home. Whenever he drove past the woman's home, he assumed that the roof was under repair because the job had already been taken on by another group of repairmen—but as the weeks wore on, the roof continued to worsen without any signs of repair.

“ I had it in my mind that if no one steps up to help this lady in our community, I’d be more than happy to,” Locke told CBC.

When Locke finally reached out to MacDonald about fixing her roof for free, however, she politely declined his offer because she did not like to accept charity. That being said, she had already applied for a government grant （补助金）to fix the roof and she said she was more than happy to hire Locke once her grant application was approved.

Unfortunately, MacDonald never received the approval.

As the stubborn （固执的）Canadian senior refused to accept any assistance from Locke, the sympathetic construction worker played an innocent trick in order to get her to accept his help. He invited MacDonald to enter a raffle （抽奖活动）that his business was holding for a free roof. After the grandmother — of — four accepted one of the raffle tickets, Locke told her that she was the winner—because she was the only one who had entered the raffle.

Thanks to his sweet little plan, Locke and his crew are starting work on the roof this week, which is expected to cost his company about $9, 000.

MacDonald, meanwhile, told CBC that she doesn't know how to express her gratitude to Locke, saying that he is her “guardian angel”.

"There's nobody out there like him," she added.

34. What did Locke desire to do for MacDonald?

A. Repair her roof.

B. Find a repairman.

C. Run a charity.

D. Raise money.

35. Why did MacDonald refuse Locke's offer initially?

A. She didn't trust him.

B. She had won a raffle.

C. She didn't like free help.

D. She had got an official grant.

36. How did Locke finally make MacDonald change her mind?

A. He persuaded her to give up her application.

B. He invited her to enter his business.

C. He gave her about $9, 000.

D. He told her a white lie.

37. Which of the following words best describe Locke?

A Stubborn and tricky. B. Wealthy and innocent.

C. Determined and warm-hearted.

D. Different and ambitious.

【答案】34. A 35. C 36. D 37. C

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Jeremy Locke为Jeanette MacDonald免费修理屋顶的经历。

【34题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“Jeremy Locke, who owns a roofing and construction company in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, had always been wanting to repair the roof of Jeanette MacDonald's home.”可知，Jeremy Locke一直都很想修理Jeanette MacDonald家的屋顶，A项切合题意。故选A项。

【35题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段“she politely declined his offer because she did not like to accept charity.”可知，她礼貌地拒绝了Locke的帮助是因为他不想接受免费的帮助，C项切题。故选C项。

【36题详解】

推理判断题。根据第五段中“As the stubborn （固执的）Canadian senior refused to accept any assistance from Locke, the sympathetic construction worker played an innocent trick in order to get her to accept his help”可知，因为这位固执的加

拿大老人拒绝Locke的帮助，这个有同情心的建筑工人玩了一个善意的伎俩来让她接受帮助，意在表明Locke说了一个善意的谎言使得MacDonald改变了主意，D项切题。故选D项。

【37题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段中“I had it in my mind that if no one steps up to help this lady in our community, I’d be more than happy to”可知如果没人出面帮这位女士修屋顶，Locke非常愿意帮忙修理，表明Locke乐于助人，很热心。结合下文第五段中“As the stubborn （固执的）Canadian senior refused to accept any assistance from Locke, the sympathetic construction worker played an innocent trick in order to get her to accept his help.”可知为了让MacDonald接受帮助，Locke说了一个善意的谎言，意在表明Locke是一个很有决心的人，C项“有决心、热心”符合题意。故选C项。

C

What is the most meaningless thing every Texan will do at the same time this weekend?

You guessed it. We will “fall back” when our clocks are set backward one hour in observance of daylight saving time.

This strange practice has an interesting history. In 1784, Benjamin Franklin published a critical essay in a French newspaper suggesting that Parisians could save $200 million through “the economy of using sunshine instead of candles”. Therefore ，many people owe the origin of the idea of daylight saving time to our Founding Father's writings. In the United States, the clock-changing practice began just over 100 years ago, in 1918, when Congress decided to control time by passing the Standard Time Act to save energy and create time zones. Back then, coal was our top energy source and ensuring that Americans had more daylight working hours made sense.

In 2008, the U. S. Department of Energy assessed the effect of observing daylight saving time on national energy consumption. It found that resetting our clocks amounts to a reduction in our total energy consumption of 0. 02%. The study also determined that sticking with one time could actually save about 0.5% of electricity per day nationwide. Apart from this, the risk of heart attack increases 10% in the days following springing forward, most likely caused by the interruption of biological rhythms. Studies also indicate we are more likely to get sick, we are less productive, and frankly we are just exhausted directly following the time change.

It is hard to explain why we still change our clocks. Perhaps it is due to special interests. Congress passed the Energy Act of 2005, which extended the length of daylight saving time an extra week in the fall, in large part due to an effort by candy producers to allow for an additional daylight hour on the night of Halloween for trick -or - treating.

This May, we sought to end this ancient practice. It would have allowed Texans to vote whether to stay on standard time year-round or daylight saving time year-round. Our proposal passed the House （众议院）133-9. Sadly, once the bill reached the Senate （参议院）,it was never referred to a committee. The proposal died in the Senate without even a word spoken about it on the floor.

I'm moving forward with plans to file the legislation （立法）again in 2021. I urge you to contact your state legislators to move this legislation forward so that this weekend will be one of the last times we have to “fall back.”

38. The possible origin of the idea of daylight saving time is .

A. the ancient legal act

B. the influence of other countries

C. the need for time zones

D. the advice from a famous politician

39. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about?

A. The reasons for health problems.

B. The downsides of setting clocks back.

C. The changes in energy consumption.

D. The solutions to electricity shortages.

40. It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that .

A. daylight saving time will last for another two years

B. the author will continue what he has been doing

C. Texans voted for standard time year-round

D. state legislators are for the proposal

41. The passage aims to .

A. analyze the practice of daylight saving time

B. explain the consequences of daylight saving time

C. convince people of the necessity of daylight saving time

D. persuade people to make efforts to stop daylight saving time

【答案】38. D 39. B 40. B 41. D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。介绍了在加州夏令时的起源、发展、存在的问题和未来的实施前景。

【38题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中“In 1784, Benjamin Franklin published a critical essay in a French newspaper suggesting that Parisians could save $200 million thr ough “the economy of using sunshine instead of candles”. Therefore ，many people owe the origin of the idea of daylight saving time to our Founding Father's writings.”可知，在1784年富兰克林在法国报纸上发表了一篇文章，关于建议用日光代替蜡烛，巴黎人每年可以节约2亿元，因此很多人把夏令时的想法归因于开国元勋富兰克林的文章，表明夏令时的想法起源于一位政治家的建议，D项切题。故选D项。

【39题详解】

段落大意题。根据第四段中“Studies also indicate we are more likely to get sick, we are less productive, and frankly we are just exhausted directly following the time change.”可知研究表明我们更可能生病、效率更低，坦白地说时间的改变会直接导致我们疲惫，表明此段讲述了调回时间带来的负面影响，B项切题。故选B项。

【40题详解】

推理判断题。根据第六段中“The proposal died in the Senate without even a word spoken about it on the floor.”和最后一段中“I'm moving forward with plans to file the legislation （立法）again in 2021.”可知这个提议在参议院只字未

提就被拒绝了，我会在2021年继续推进这些立法文件，因此最后两段表明作者会继续做他一直在做的事情，B项切合题意。故选B项。

【41题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I urge you to contact your state legislators to move this legislation forward so that this weekend will be one of the last times we have to ‘fall back’”可知，作者强烈建议大家联系本州的立法机构来推进立法进程，这样的话本周末就会是我们最后一次调回时间的周末了，意在表明作者劝大家为了停止夏令时做些努力，D项切题。故选D项。

D

According to a new study，teens focus on rewards and have a hard time learning to avoid punishment or consider the consequences of alternative actions.

University College London researchers compared how teens and adults learn to make choices based on the available information. They tracked the way in which 18 volunteers aged 12-17 and 20 volunteers aged 18-32 completed tasks in which they had to choose between abstract symbols.

Each symbol was consistently associated with a fixed chance of a reward, punishment, or no outcome. As the trial progressed ，participants learned which symbols were likely to lead to each outcome and adjusted their choices accordingly. Teens and adults were equally good at learning to choose symbols associated with reward，but teens were less good at avoiding symbols associated with punishment. Adults also performed significantly better when they were told what would have happened if they had chosen the other symbol after each choice，while teens did not appear to take this information into account.

“From this experimental lab study we can draw conclusions about learning during the teen years. We find that teens and adults learn in different ways，something that might be relevant to education," said lead author Dr. Stefano Palminteri. " Unlike adults, teens are not so good at learning to adjust their choices to avoid punishment. This suggests that incentive systems based on reward rather than punishment may be more effective for this age group. Additionally, we found that teens did not learn from being shown what would have happened if they made alternative choices."

To interpret the results, the researchers developed computational models of learning and ran simulations （模拟）applying them to the results of the study. The first was a simple model, one that learned from rewards, and the second model added to this by also learning from the option that was not chosen. The third model was the most complete and took the full context into account, with equal weight given to punishment avoidance and reward seeking. For example, obtaining no outcome rather than losing a point is weighted equally to gaining a point rather than having no outcome.

Comparing the experimental data to the models, the team found that teens" behavior followed the simple reward-based model while adults" behavior match ed the complete, contextual model. “Our study suggests that teens are more receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value, ” said senior author Dr. Sarah-Jayne Blakemore. “As a result, it may be

useful for parents and teachers to frame th ings in more positive terms.”

42. It can be learned from the study that .

A. adults made choices faster than teens

B. adults understood rewards better than teens

C. teens reacted better to reward than punishment

D. teens were aware of the outcome of each choice

43. What do we know about the three computational models?

A. They reflected people’s strong desire for punishment avoidance.

B. They gave circumstances different degrees of consideration.

C. They paid equal attention to reward and punishment.

D. They shaped the behavior of people at different ages.

44. The underlined word “receptive" in the last paragraph probably means .

A. accustomed

B. opposed

C. sympathetic

D. responsive

45. According to the writer, which of the following statements works best for teens?

A. “If you insist on doing things in this way，you will lose ten points. "

B. “If we had talked about this earlier，you wouldn’t have made the mistake. "

C. “ If you hand in your assignment ahead of time，you will get an extra bonus."

D. “If you wa nt to approach a problem differently ，you can talk to your parents. "

【答案】42. C 43. B 44. D 45. C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。介绍了一项新研究，研究表明青少年们关注回报，很难学会避免惩罚或者考虑到不同行为的结果。【42题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Our study suggests that teens are more receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value”可知，这个研究表明青少年们对于同样意义的回报和惩罚，更能接受回报而不是惩罚，意在表明青少年对于回报的回应比惩罚好，C项切题。故选C项。

【43题详解】

推理判断题。根据第五段中“The first was a simple model, one that learned from rewards, and the second model added to this by also learning from the option that was not chosen. The third model was the most complete and took the full context into account, with equal weight given to punishment avoidance and reward seeking.”可知第一个是简单模型，从回报中了解到的。第二个增加了一些从未被选的选择中了解的部分。第三个模型是完全考虑到了惩罚避免和追求回报的等量关系，这部分语境意在表示研究者给了环境不同程度的考虑。B项切题。故选B项。

【44题详解】

词义推测题。根据最后一段中“Our study suggests that teens are more receptive to rewards than they are to punishments of equal value”，研究表明青少年们对于同样意义的回报和惩罚，更能接受回报而不是惩罚，意在表明青少年对于回报的回应比惩罚好。A. accustomed习惯；B. opposed相反；C. sympathetic同情的；D. responsive反应积极的。结合句子结构分析和翻译语境可知，D项切合题意。故选D项。

【45题详解】

推理判断题。通过阅读全文可知，本文主旨介绍了一项新研究，研究表明青少年们关注回报，很难学会避免惩罚或者考虑到不同行为的结果。C项意为“如果你提前交作业，你会得到额外奖励”，符合原文关于青少年们关注回报的表述。故选C项。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Plogging

Plogging is a new way to jog while cleaning up the planet. It's a craze that began in Sweden in 2016 and the motivation behind it includes reducing the load of plastic litter in our environment, as well as keeping fit while running. ___46___If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others, and care about removing litter from our environment, then this might just be the sport for you.

Make good preparations before plogging. Dress suitably for the environment in which you are running. This will vary depending on the weather and surroundings, but the basics are comfortable running clothes and closed-toe running shoes. Suitable gloves are a wise and useful addition, as picking up litter can be dangerous in some situations. ___47___This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter that might have sharp edges.

Organize your plogging group. If you're lucky enough to have ploggers already in your area, seek them out. Join up and make new friends with a shared interest. Check out such meeting groups at Meetup or ask at a local sports store to find out what opportunities exist where you live. If you don't have a group, create one. Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers. ___48___

Collect safely. One key suggestion for staying safe while collecting litter is to avoid picking up broken glass or sharp items. If you must collect such an item, only do so when you can find a very safe way to collect it without harming yourself. If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it. ___49___If an item of litter presents a potential safety risk, try to mark the item clearly to encourage people to avoid it.

___50___ It is a way of combining individual achievement via exercise with community and environmental care. You're part of the growing movement of people who are giving back to the world at the same time as honoring self care, a sustainable and healthy way to balance your life. This could be a fantastic opportunity to show people that individual action makes a big difference.

A. Taking some photos during the process is also necessary.

B. You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities.

C. Usually performed as part of a group run, it's also a social exercise.

D. You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in.

E. Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one benefit.

F. If you find a natural area with litter problem, this might be a suitable place.

G. With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people.

【答案】46. C47. D

48. G49. B

50. E

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。主要从三个方面说明了跑步捡垃圾的好处，并提出了进行跑步捡垃圾的相关建议。

【46题详解】

根据下文“If you love outdoor exercise, enjoy exercising with others”如果你喜欢户外运动，喜欢和别人一起运动的话。C项Usually performed as part of a group run, it's also a social exercise.“这是一个社交运动，通常以组队的形式进行”呼应下文中的others，切合题意。故选C项。

【47题详解】

根据下文“This might be a standard trash bag, easy to carry and capable of containing litter that might have sharp edges.”这可以是一个普通的垃圾袋，便于携带，并且能装带有锋利边缘的垃圾。D项You also need to find a suitable carry bag for collecting the litter in.“你还需要一个便于携带的垃圾袋来装垃圾”呼应后句中的“easy to carry and capable of containing litter”便于携带并可以装垃圾，切合题意。故选D项。

【48题详解】

根据上文“Use social media, notices on bulletin boards, or place signs in the windows of sports stores to find fellow ploggers.”用社交媒体、在公告板里发通知或者在体育商店橱窗上贴标签来找到跑步捡垃圾运动的伙伴们。G项With some advertising effort, you are likely to connect with a few interested people.“做了这些努力后，你就能找到感兴趣的人了”呼应上文使用各种方式找到伙伴一起组队，符合语境。故选G项。

【49题详解】

根据上文“If in doubt, leave it and get better equipment to remove it.”如果有疑问的话，把它留下，找到更好的工作移除它。B项You can also ask for assistance from the local authorities.“你也可以向当地官方部门寻求帮助”意在表明清除有害垃圾的方式有两种，使用分述方式展开说明，因此B项符合题意。故选B项。

【50题详解】

根据下文“It is a way of combining individual achievement via exercise with community and environmental care.”这是一

种通过运动把个人成就与社区和环境保护结合起来的

方式。E 项Plogging is a great way to feel motivated as it has more than one benefit.“跑步捡垃圾是一种能感受到动力很棒的方式，因为有着不止一个的益处”呼应下文对这种方式的具体说明，E 项切题。故选E 项。

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）

第一节（15分）

51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim 给你发邮件询问为什么北京能举 办2022年冬季奥运会。请根据下列要求，给他回复邮件，内容包括：

1．北京可以举办冬季奥运会的条件；

2．邀请他届时来北京。

注意：1．词数不少于50；

2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

提示词：冬奥会 Winter Olympics

Dear Jim,

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【答案】Dear Jim

I’m glad to receive your email. As to why Beijing is the perfect city for the 2022 Winter Olympics, here are some reasons. Beijing has the favorable natural conditions for winter sports because the temperature remains below zero for most of January and February. Yanqing, the northwest suburban area, is a paradise for winter sports lovers. Moreover, as Beijing has hosted a variety of int ernational games, it won’t be too difficult to hold another major sporting event here. As we speak, stadiums and facilities are being renovated so as to meet the required standards.

As for people, there are many lovers of skiing and skating here. Every weekend, the ski resorts in the suburbs are full of people who enjoy themselves in the snow. What’s more, hospitable citizens and dedicated volunteers will surely make the Winter Olympics a success.

You should definitely come and experience the special spirit that China will bring to the Winter Games. So do come in 2022 and give me a chance to show you the charm of Beijing in winter.

Yours,

Li Hua 【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇提纲类作文。要求考生用英语回复邮件，告知为什么北京能举办2022年冬季奥运会。

【详解】第一步：审题

体裁：提纲类作文

时态：根据提示，时态应一般过去时和一般现在时。

结构：总分法

要求：内容包含：1．北京可以举办冬季奥运会的条件；

2．邀请他届时来北京。

第二步:列提纲（重点词组）

receive；condition；Moreover；renovate；charm

第三步：连词成句

1. I’m glad to receive your email.

2. As to why Beijing is the perfect city for the 2022 Winter Olympics, here are some reasons.

3. Beijing has the favorable natural conditions for winter sports because the temperature remains below zero for most of January and February.

4. Yanqing, the northwest suburban area, is a paradise for winter sports lovers.

5. Moreover, as Beijing has hosted a variety of international g ames, it won’t be too difficult to hold another major sporting event here.

6. As for people, there are many lovers of skiing and skating here.

7. Every weekend, the ski resorts in the suburbs are full of people who enjoy themselves in the snow.

8. What’s m ore, hospitable citizens and dedicated volunteers will surely make the Winter Olympics a success.

9. You should definitely come and experience the special spirit that China will bring to the Winter Games.

10. So do come in 2022 and give me a chance to show you the charm of Beijing in winter.

第四步：连句成篇

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last

2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,

3.表转折对比关系：while, meanwhile, However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…

4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result

连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。

第五步：润色修改

【点睛】文章结构合理，思路清晰，使用了恰当的

连接词及词组使行文连贯，如“as ，so ，because ”，也运用了一些高级词汇和表达，如“receive ；condition ；Moreover ；renovate ；charm ”以及定语从句、状语从句等，增加了文章的亮点，体现了学生较高的英语学科素养。

第二节（20 分）

52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。上周你们班组织了一次班会，邀请去年毕业的同学回校交流。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。

注意：词数不少于60。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Last week, our class invited a graduate to give us some suggestions on what we should do during the most important year in high school. The graduate arrived at the scheduled time. We were delighted to see him and eager to hear the wisdom he was about to pass on to us. After a brief greeting in response to our warm applause, our guest began his talk. He first shared his study plan he made for his senior year and emphasized the importance of time management, which left me a deep impression. Afterwards, he vividly described his interesting college life. Inspired by his words, we all listened attentively and took notes. Before seeing him off, I asked him how to review for the exam and how to balance the busy school life with some kind of relaxation, on which he gave some enlightening ideas. That night, I had the most fulfilling time setting my short-term and long-term goals as well as planning for my future study. I’m now full of confidence and energy, and prepared to give 100% for my ambition and dreams. 【解析】 【分析】

这是一篇图画类作文。要求考生用英语写一篇英文周记记述班会的整个过程。

【详解】第一步：审题

体裁：图画类作文

时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时。

结构：总分法

要求：按照4幅图画的先后顺序写一篇英文周记记述班会的整个过程。

第二步:列提纲（重点词组）

invited；suggestion；scheduled；eager to；emphasize

第三步：连词成句

1. Last week, our class invited a graduate to give us some suggestions on what we should do during the most important year in high school.

2. The graduate arrived at the scheduled time.

3. We were delighted to see him and eager to hear the wisdom he was about to pass on to us.

4. After a brief greeting in response to our warm applause, our guest began his talk.

5. He first shared his study plan he made for his senior year and emphasized the importance of time management, which left me a deep impression.

6. Afterwards, he vividly described his interesting college life.

7. Before seeing him off, I asked him how to review for the exam and how to balance the busy school life with some kind of relaxation, on which he gave some enlightening ideas.

8. That night, I had the most fulfilling time setting my short-term and long-term goals as well as planning for my future study.

9. I’m now full of confidence and energy, and prepared to give 100% for my ambition and dreams.

第四步：连句成篇

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last

2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,

3.表转折对比关系：while, meanwhile, However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…

4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result

连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。