煤矿安全因素探讨外文文献翻译-研究生考试

煤矿安全管理要素探讨

李俊

(山西焦煤集团有限责任公司,太原030024)

摘要:通过对煤矿安全管理要素的分析强调了以人为本的安全管理思路,针对目前煤矿安全管理中存在的一些误区,结合企业实际和其它煤炭企业管理经验, 以及安全管理要素相互作用的理论,提出了以“人”为本、以“物”保“人”、以“环境”影响“人”的管理方法和工作措施。

关键词:煤矿安全管理; 要素分析;以人为本

0 引言

安全是煤炭企业永恒的主题。煤矿安全生产关系职工生命安全, 关系煤炭工业健康发展, 关系社会稳定大局。实现煤矿安全生产是落实科学发展观的必须要求, 是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容。但近些年全国发生的几起大的煤矿安全事故说明了煤矿安全生产的形势依然严峻, 安全管理中存在的问题仍十分尖锐。因此, 有必要也必须寻求一种更科学更有效的安全管理方法来解决安全生产中的突出问题, 确保职工的生命安全和企业的健康稳定发展。

1. 煤矿安全管理概念简述

煤矿安全管理就是对煤矿安全生产相关要素和过程进行计划、组织、协调和控制的一系列活动, 以保障职工在生产过程中的生命安全, 保证生产工作的顺利开展, 保护国家和集体的财产不受损失。由于煤矿生产、管理工作中时时处处都与安全相联系,因此安全管理应该是全面的、全员的和全过程的, 是煤矿所有管理工作的核心。

2 煤矿安全管理要素分析

管理要素是指管理活动和过程必不可少的组成部分。从煤矿安全管理的活动和过程看, 煤矿安全管理的要素主要包括人、物、环境三大要素。人是指员工的本体、意识和行为;物包括工程、设备、材料等硬件和技术、工艺、流程等软件两个方面;环境也包括硬件环境和软件环境两个方面, 硬件环境指由装备、技术等构成的生产、工作环境, 软件环境指由安全文化、宣传教育等构成的思想文化氛围。在人、物、环境诸因素中,人是最积极的因素,人既是安全管理的主体,也是安全管理的客体, 同时也是安全管理的直接目的-人的安全。而人的安全从狭义的角度也可以说是安全事故的承受者-决大部分生产一线员工的生命安全。

3 以人为本的安全管理思想

以人为本的管理思想是现代管理理念的主旋律。以人为本的管理是指任何管理都要以人为中心, 把提高人的素质、处理人际关系、满足人的需要、调动人的主动性、积极性、创造性的工作放在首位。因此在煤矿企业进行安全管理的时候,必须坚持以安全管理的主、客体, 对安全管理起着主导性作用的因素-人为根本, 立足于自身的意识、素质、能力的提高, 通过对外部其它管理要素物和环境的组织和控制影响作用与人, 从而实现安全生产。从安全管理的最直接的目的-人的安全来看, 安全管理中的“以人为本”管理思想应更多地倾向于生产一线的员工。

4. 以人为本的安全管理方法和具体工作

从以人为本的管理思想和人、物、环境三要素相互作用的理论出发,研究安全管理的思路和方法, 尤其是对生产一线职工的安全管理,应该从以下三个方面进行。

4. 1以人为本

从提高职工安全意识和技能素质以及建立健全有效的监督约束机制方面进行研究,使员工在

自身和外界约束下保证安全行为, 进而保证人的安全。

1．职工安全意识的提高是根本.以人为本的安全管理是从职工是心理、意识、情绪、性格等方面入手,激发职工的主动管理性。加大对职工“安全第一”安全意识的宣传和教育，通过媒体、宣传、教育等方法注重提高职工对安全重要性和必要性的认识。加强对安全事故案例的学习,做到警钟长鸣。针对最近发生的煤矿安全事故,及时开展全员事故反思学习,举一反三,在分析事故产生原因的同时,通过事故教训从思想上对职工进行再教育。

2．职工技能素质的提高是基础。继续加大职工培训教育力度,加强培训基地的建设,在坚持单位自身培训的基础上,可以同煤炭院校进行合作,借鉴煤炭院校建设经验,也可借院校平台来加强对职

工的正规培训力度。

3．有效的监督激励管理机制是保证。在职工有了足够的自我安全意识和业务技能素质,能够自发地良好地履行岗位安全职责的同时,还应制定相应的激励、约束、管理机制来使职工的这种安全行为、安全意识坚持下来。首先，加强安全生产岗位责任制的落实和考核,针对不同的工种制定安全生产岗位责任制,使每个岗位的职工都明确各自岗位的安全职责,签订安全生产责任状,按照责任轻重

和所担风险,实行工效挂钩、绩效考核。其次，借鉴潞安集团安全管理经验, 推行职工个人安全档案管理。建立职工个人安全行为档案、职工培训教育档案、职工家庭情况档案。通过三个档案统一管理,及时全面掌握职工的情况和思想动态,排查安全薄弱人物,对各类职工根据不同情况,采取不同措施, 确保职工的安全行为和安全思想。最后，注重通过职工家属对职工的安全行为进行激励和约束, 以家庭幸福、亲情感化激励来提高职工搞好安全生产的自觉性和主动性。

4. 2 以物保人

加大安全投入力度,推行安全生产一体化管理、安全机电一体化管理、安全技术一体化管理,狠抓安全费用工程、装备升级、技术创新等工作,以先进的系统、装备、技术等为职工的安全提供强有力的保障。

1．全力推进安全费用工程的完成。安全费用工程项目的施工队伍要通过招投标来确定,争取让高素质、高水准、高资质的队伍来组织施工。狠抓工程的施工组织和管理,积极协调解决施工过程中出现的各种问题,保证各项工程按进度计划安排正常施工。与施工单位签订工程责任状, 严格过程考核和竣工验收, 确保工程的高质量、高标准投产。

2.继续加大装备升级的力度。重点加强一通三防、防治水、瓦斯治理等安全重点方面设备的更新和升级。全方位引进高科技、现代化的设备,逐步以科技和信息为主导, 作为装备升级的手段和目的。

3.加快技术的引进和创新步伐推行安全技术一体化管理. 利用科技化、信息化的手段对人、物、环境的安全状态进行监控和调整,不断优化设计、优化程序、优化工艺, 保持安全最佳状态。

4.3 以环境影响人

积极探索“环控”的理论,从生产工作的硬件环境和思想文化的软件环境两个方面进行研究,在为职工创造良好的工作环境和安全氛围的同时对职工的安全行为进行影响和控制。

1. 狠抓质量标准化建设, 创造安全生产的硬环境。突出以人为本,强化基础装备、基础设施、基础资料的建设,保证质量标准化工作的高标准运作和动态达标,使安全生产时刻保持在良好的运行状态。抓好现场管理是基础，抓好班组建设是关键，有效的监督管理机制是促进，军事化管理的推行是有效手段。

2. 狠抓重大隐患的排查治理。通过对一通三防、防治水、安全供电、小煤窑治理等重大安全隐患的排查治理,使安全生产硬环境的安全系数不断提高。制定安全隐患排查专项治理方案, 尤其是一

通三防、防治水、安全供电、瓦斯煤尘治理、小煤窑治理等重大安全隐患的排查治理必须制定专项治理方案, 明确工作目标、职责、措施并严格落实。同时，不断增强对薄弱环节的监控力，逐步形成对薄弱地点、薄弱环节、薄弱时间的重点监控, 及时发现和消除薄弱点。

3. 狠抓安全文化建设, 创造安全生产的软环境。通过建立形象化的安全文化, 营造良好的安全生产氛围,从思想、心理、意识的层面对职工进行潜移默化影响和管理。

5 结束语

坚持以人为本的管理思想,在提高职工个人的自主安全意识和技能的前提下,加大对物的投入和环境的创造,为安全创造良好的基础和氛围的同时反作用于人,使职工在自身需求和外界激励约束下时刻保证自己的安全行为和状态。只要每一个职工都能时刻保证安全,企业的安全发展将顺理成章。

参考文献

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Coalmine safety management factors is discussed

LI Jun

( ShanxiCokingCoalCo., Ltd., Taiyuan030024, China)

Abstract:This article through to the coal mine safety management of the elements of the analysis emphasizes the people-oriented safety management ideas, and aiming at the coal mine safety management exists some pitfalls, according to enterprise reality and other coal enterprise management experience, and interaction of safety management elements theory, put forward a man , based on the thing cover man , with environment impact person management method and work method. Keywords: coalmine safety management; analysis of elements; people first

0 Introduction

Safety is the eternal theme in coal enterprise. Coal mine safety production relates to worker life safety, social stability and healthy development of the coal industry. To realize the coal mine safety production is to implement the scientific concept of development necessary request, is the construction socialism harmonious society's important content.But in recent years the national happened a few up big coal mine safety accidents illustrate the coal mine safety production situation is still severe, the security problems existing in the management still very sharp.Therefore, it is necessary to seek a more scientific and efficient safety management method to solve the problems in production safety, ensure that the worker's life safety and healthy and stable development of the enterprise.

1.Concept briefly of the management of coal mine safety

Coal mine safety management is to the coal mine safety production related elements and process planning, organization, coordination and control of a series of activities which guarantee a worker in production process of life safety, ensure the production work smoothly, protect national and collective property do not suffer loss.Due to the coal mine production and management work everywhere are associated with safety, so safety management should be comprehensive, all of our employees and whole process, is the core of all management work in the coal mine.

2. The management of coal mine safety factor analysis

Management’s elements is refers to the indispensable part of management activities and process. Reference to the activities and processes of coal mine safety management, coal mine safety management elements include three elements: man, objects and environment.Man refers to the staff's ontology, consciousness and behavior; The things including two aspects, part of it is hardware such as engineering, equipment, materials and so on; the other part is software as technology, process, etc ; The environment also includes hardware and software environment in two aspects: the hardware environment refers to the equipment, technology of production, working environment; Software environment refers to the ideological and cultural atmosphere that is constituted by the security culture and publicity education.In these factors, man, content and environmental, man is the most active factor, the man is not only the main body of safety management, but also the object of safety management, and at the same time, the safety management of direct purpose - people's safety.While the human security from a narrow angle can also be said that the safety accident bear - most of the production line staff of life safety.

3. Human-oriented safety management thought

The idea of human-oriented management is a modern management philosophy theme. The

people-oriented management refers to any management should be a center with the person. To improve the person's quality, interpersonal relationships, to meet the needs of the people, to arouse people's initiative, enthusiasm, creative work ，meanwhile, be a prime concern.Therefore, in the coal mining enterprises to carry out safety management, we must adhere to the man as the fundamental, based on their own consciousness, quality, ability, through the foreign ministry and other management,through the external other management elements, content and environmental, effect on organization and control to realize safety production. From safety management's the most direct purpose - human's safety, safety management in the "people-oriented" management idea should be more inclined to the staff of production line.

4. Human-oriented safety management method and concrete work

To research safety management ideas and methods should be based on the "human-oriented" management idea and man, objects, environment, this three factor interaction theory. Especially, safety management of the workers on the production line should be carried out from the following three aspects.

4.1 Human-oriented

"Human-oriented" should from improve worker safety consciousness and skills as well as to establish the effective supervision and restraint mechanism be studied, so that employees ensure safe behavior in the internal and external constraints, so as to guarantee the security of the person.

1. Employee security awareness is essential. The people-oriented safety management arouses the worker's active management from employee psychological consciousness, emotion, personality, and other aspects. We should intensify the worker "safety first" safety publicity and education, through the media, publicity, education and other methods to improve the safety of staff on the importance and necessity of understanding. Company draw lessons from the recent coal mine safety accidents and in time carry out reflective study, infer other things from one fact, through accident lessons add to the worker's again education.

2. Improving workers' skills is the foundation of quality. The company will continue to increase staff training and education, strengthen the training base construction, adhere to the unit's own training as the basis, with the coal institutes cooperation, draw lessons from coal colleges construction experience, can also be learning platform to strengthen workers on the formal training.

3. the workers have enough self safety awareness and business skills and can the ability to spontaneously good performance the post's safety responsibility at the same time, the company also should establish corresponding incentive, constraint, management mechanism to staff insist this safety behavior, safety consciousness. First of all, the company should strengthen the implementation and evaluation of safety production responsibility system, aim at different types the development of safe production responsibility system, which make each job staff to clear the respective post safety responsibility, the staff sign form of safe production responsibility, in accordance with the responsibility and the risk, performance-related salary system, performance appraisal. Secondly, from the Luan group company safety management experience, company will carry out the staff personal safety archives management, establish the staff personal safety behavior profile, training and education of workers, workers and family archives. The company through managing the three file, timely grasp the situation and thinking of dynamic employees, troubleshoot security weak characters, adopt different measures that made by all types of workers according to the different situation, so as to ensure worker safety behavior and safety thought. Finally, we will pay attention to the workers' safety behavior incentive and restraint through the family members of workers, to improve worker safety production consciousness and initiative which lean on family happiness and family influence motivation.

4.2 Based on the thing cover man

That in order to provide strong safeguard for worker’s safety should increase the management of safety investment, safety production integration，security, security technology of mechanical and electrical integration, also firm catch safe cost engineering, equipment upgrade, technological innovation and so on.

1. To promote completion the safety cost engineering. Safety cost project construction team through the bidding to determine, and project try to be organized by the high quality, high standard, high qualified team. The major persons-in-charge of the project should pay close attention to project construction organization and management, and actively coordinate and solve the construction problems appeared in the process, which ensure that each project according to the project schedule can be normal finished. The company should sign a responsibility certificate with construction unit, strict process evaluation and the completion inspection and acceptance, and to ensure the project’s production high quality, high standard.

2. Continue to increase the strength of equipment upgrade. We will focus on strengthening the prevention and control of a three proofing, water, gas control and security key aspects and equipment update and upgrade. The means and purpose which all-round import high-tech and modern equipment, and gradually by the technology and information as the leading factor aim to upgrade equipments.

3. To speed up the introduction of technology and innovative step implement safety technology integration management. We use technology, the information means to monitor and adjust people, goods, environment safety. Meanwhile, to keep maintain security in best state constantly optimize design, program, process.

4.3 Environmental influence people

Actively explore "ring control" theory, from the production of hardware environment and thought culture software environment this two aspects researching, influence and control the worker's safety behavior and create a good working environment and safety atmosphere at the same time.

1. Ensure the quality, standardized construct and create the safe product hardware. Which highlight the people-oriented, strengthen based equipment, infrastructure and basic material of construction and ensure the quality standardized work the high standard operation and dynamic target make the safe production keep in good condition at every time. Pays special attention to the site management is a foundation, pays special attention to the team construction is the key, the effective supervise mechanism is boost and implement militarization management is effective means.

2. Vigorously promote traffic management of the great hidden trouble. Through managing a three proofing, prevention and control of water, safe power supply and major security hidden danger of small coal mines, safety coefficient of safety product will be constant improved. To make safety hidden trouble regularly special control scheme, especially a three proofing, prevent and control water, safe power supply, manage gas and dust, small coal mines and other major security hidden dangers spent should formulate special control scheme, clear objectives, responsibilities and measures, and strictly implement. At the same time, and constantly strengthen the force of weak link monitoring and gradually form key monitoring for its location, weak links, weak time, timely discover and eliminate weak point.

3 .Vigorously promote the construction of safety culture, create the soft of environment safe production. Through establishing visualization safety culture, we should create a good atmosphere of safety production, subtle influence and manage the worker from the thought, psychology and consciousness.

5. Summary

Adhering the people-centered management thinking which improve worker individual independent safety awareness and skill premise, increase the content’s input and the environment’s create and security create a good foundation and the atmosphere at the same time reacted in person, make the worker’s safety behavior and state under in keeping with their own needs and Outside incentive and constraint. As long as

each worker can constant ensure safe, the safety of the enterprise development will be logical.

References

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[2] LIU Tie-min. Crisis type emergency response and challenges. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2010, 6(1)

[3] DENG Yun-feng, ZHENG Shuang-zhong, LIU Tie-min.Reviewof disaster capability assessment and emergency system[ J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology. 2005, 1(5)

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[5] LIU Tie-min. Work system construction for work safety [ J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2008, 4(5)

注：考生属哪种类别请划“√”

（博士、在校硕士、工程硕士、同等学力、研究生班，自主单招）

辽宁工程技术大学

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