新概念英语第二册笔记第73课
Lesson 73 The recorder-holder 纪录保持者
【Text】
Children who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet day's fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1,600 miles. He hitchhiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitchhiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of children who dream of evading school.
【课文翻译】
学的孩子们都缺乏想像力。他们通常能够做到的，至多也就是安静地钓上一天鱼，或在电影院里坐上8个小时，一遍遍地看同一部电影。而有那么一个小男孩，他在逃学期间旅行了1,600英里，从而使上述所有逃学的孩子们都相形见绌了。他搭便车到了多佛，天快黑时钻进了一条船，想找个地方睡觉。第二天早上他醒来时，发现船在这段时间已经到了加莱丝。当男孩从船里爬出来时，谁也没有发现他。从那里他又搭上卡车到了巴黎。司机给了他几块饼干和一杯咖啡，就把他丢在了城外。男孩截住的第二辆车并没有如他所愿将他再到巴黎市区，而是将他载到了法国与西班牙的边境城市——佩皮尼昂。不幸的是，在那里他被警察找到了，被当地政府遣送回了英格兰。在千千万万梦想着逃学的孩子当中，他可是创下了一个“不朽的记录”。
New words and expressions 生词和短语
【生词讲解】
1.record-holder 记录保持者
record
1）n 记录
set up a record 创造记录
build up a record 创造记录
make a record 创造记录
create a record 创造记录
hold a record 保持记录
break a record 打破记录
beat a record 打破记录
smash a record 大破记录
2）v *r?k??d] 录音，录像
2. truant n 逃学的孩子
(child who stays away from school without permission)
play truant 逃学
eg: To him, home was just like a hell. So he began to play truant and then at last he left his home.
对他来说，家就像地狱一般。于是这个孩子开始逃学然后索性离家出走。
play hooky 逃学，旷课（美）
evade school 逃学
truancy n 逃学，旷课的（事）
3. unimaginative adj 缺乏想象力的
Imaginative adj 有想象力的
Imagine v 想象
imagine doing sth 想象做某事
imagine sth/ that 想象某事
eg Don`t you imagine that I can lend you money everytime you need it ?
你难道以为你每次缺钱我都能借给你吗？
imaginary adj 想象中的，不真实的，假象的
imaginable adj 可想象的
imagination n 想象力；想象的事物
image n 肖像，形象；比喻
4. shame
1) n [u] 惭愧；羞耻
put sb to shame 使…感到惭愧；使…黯然失色；大大优于某人
eg Cinderella`s beauty put her sisters to shame .
灰姑娘的美丽令她的姐姐们相形见绌。
bring shame on sb 使…蒙羞
eg She blushed with shame.
她惭愧的
eg He felt no shame at losing in the game.
比赛失败了，他不觉得惭愧。
2) n [c] 遗憾的事，可惜
eg What a shame ! / what a pity !
多遗憾呀！
eg What a shame that you have to leave so soon!
多遗憾呀你这么快又要走了。
3) n [c] 耻辱，可耻之事
eg He was called a shame to their school.
大家称他为学校之耻。
eg Shame ! 可耻！
eg Shame on you ! 真丢人！
to one`s shame 令某人感到羞耻的事
eg To my shame, I made a mistake again. 令我羞耻的是，我又犯错了。shameful adj 可耻的，丢脸的
a shameful conduct 可耻的行为
shameless adj 厚颜无耻的，不要脸的
a shameless cheat 厚颜无耻的骗子
a shameless liar 厚颜无耻的说谎者
shamefully adv 可耻地，丢脸地
shamelessly adv 厚颜无耻地，不要脸地
5. hitchhike v 搭便车旅行
hitch v 搭便车
eg: Can I hitch a lift to Paris ?
我能打车去巴黎吗？
hike n/v 远足，徒步旅行
hitchhiker n 搭车者
as for a lift = get a free ride 要求搭车
give sb a lift 让某人搭车
6. meantime
1) n 期间
in the meantime 在此期间；与此同时
eg In the meantime, we studied 72 lessons.
在此期间，我们学了72课。
eg In the meantime, the lorry traveled 1600 miles.
在此期间，卡车走了1600英里。
2) adv 期间，同时（相当于meanwhile）
eg I continued watching TV. Meanwhile, I knitted my new sweater out of wool.
我继续看电视，同时我在编制一个新的毛衣。
7. lorry n 卡车
复数：lorries
eg The goods will be carried by lorry to Dalian.
货物将用卡车运往大连。
truck n 载货卡车（美）
8. border
1) n 边界，国界
the French-Spanish border 法国西班牙边界
border land 边疆
border line 国境线
borderline case 两可情形
eg It`s a borderline case whether I can pass the exam or not.
我能否通过考试还是两可。
eg Anne will certainly pass the exam, but Susan is a borderline case.
安考试肯定会及格，但苏珊是个蛮危险的个案。
boundary n 界限，分界线
limit n 界限，极限
edge n 边缘
margin n 空白边缘，页边空白
outline n 轮廓，外形
2) n 边，缘，边沿；（衣服的）滚边
a border of flowers round the lawn 草皮四周边缘的花坛
eg The handkerchief has a lace border.
那条手帕有蕾丝花边。
3) v 和…接壤，（土地）毗邻
eg France borders (on) Germany.
法国和德国接壤。
border on 几乎是，近似
eg His success borders on a miracle.
他的成功几乎是个奇迹。
9. evade v 逃避，逃离，（近义词avoid)
evade school = play truant 逃学
evade a question = avoid answering a question 回避一个问题
evade enemies 躲避敌人
evade taxes 逃税
evasion n 躲避，逃避
escape v 逃走，逃跑，逃离
escape from prison = escape out of prison 越狱，从监狱逃跑
evade v 躲避，闪避，巧妙地躲避
【课文讲解】
1. Children who play truant from school are unimaginative.
who引导定语从句修饰children, 逃学的孩子是没有想象力的。
2. A quiet day`s fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get.
本句话主语比较长，A quiet day`s fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again 整句话都是主语，后面的系动is, 表语成分是usually as far as they get. 主语中间由or连接，or连接
的前后是选择关系。当or连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数有后面句子的主干决定，也就是就近原则。
Or后面的主语是：eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over, 句子的主干是eight hours ，8小时做主干的时候，谓语动词要看做单数的。时间、金钱做主语时，谓语动词都要用单数。
over and over again 反反复复地，一再地
eg He didn`t understand , so I had to say it over and over again.
他不理解，所以我不得不一遍又一遍的讲这件事情。
as far as 就…的限度
as far as the eye can reach 就视力所能及
as far as I know 就我所知道的
as far as I am concerned 就我所相关的
3. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant travelled 1,600 miles.
这句话首先要注意定语从句，They have all been put to shame by a boy，他们被一个孩子比的相形见绌，那么是一个什么孩子呢？Who while playing truant travelled 1,600 miles. 逃学的时候跑了1600 英里的这样的孩子；who引导的是定语从句修饰a boy；而在定语从句中插入一个时间状语while
palying truant,当我们强调时间的时候，把while playing truant 插到中间起强调作用
4. He hitchhiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep.
hitchhike v 搭车
首先注意went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep,钻进一条船，想找地方睡觉，to find是动词不定式做目的状语，表示某个睡觉的地方；to sleep不定式做定语修饰somewhere.
hitchhike to…搭车去…
towards evening 天快黑的时候，临近黄昏的时候
towards evening是插入时间状语，起到强调作用；临近黄昏的时候，他钻进一条船，想找个地方睡觉。towards
1) prep 时间接近
towards evening 天快黑的
towards the end of the game 比赛快结束的时候
2) 对于，关于
attitude towards sb 对某人的态度
3) 有…的趋势
a distinct tendency towards inflation 通货膨胀趋势很明显
5. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais.
in the meantime 在此期间，有是一个插入时间状语
6. No one noticed the boy as he crept off.
notice
1) v 注意，留意，看到
notice sb 注意到某人
eg: I didn`t notice your parents.
我没有注意到你的父母亲。
notice sb do sth 注意到某人做了某事（动作已经发生完了）
notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事（动作正在发生）
eg: Have you noticed her cry ?
你注意到她哭了吗？
eg: He was noticed breaking open the window.
有人注意他正破窗而入。
notice + that /wh 做宾语
eg: I notice that you weren`t among the contestants.
我注意到你不再参赛者之中。
eg He didn`t notice how she felt when he introduced his girlfriend to her.
当他把女朋友介绍给他的时候，他没有注意到她的感受。
2) n 注意，注目
attract notice / draw notice 引人注目
3) n 通知，通告
eg Wait until further notice. 等待进一步通知。
4) n 公告，帖示
post a notice / put up a notice 张贴一张告示
bring sth to one`s notice 使某人看见，注意到
notice board 布告栏bulletin board 布告栏（美语）
creep off 爬出来
creep into 悄悄混进去，爬进去
creep upon / creep over 悄悄地来到（表示时间，感觉等不知不觉到来）
eg: Age crept upon him.
他感觉不知不觉变老了。
creep v 四足动物爬行
crawl v 动物以腹部爬行
7. From there, he hitchhiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city.
outside the city 在城外
outside prep
eg It is outside my business.
不管我的事情
8. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border.
定语从句the boy stopped 小男孩所拦住的下一辆车，修饰next car .
as he hoped it would,像他所希望的那样；as 引导一个状语从句是方式状语从句，
9. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities.
pick up
1) 拾起，拿起
pick up a coin in the road 在马路上捡起一枚硬币
pick up the telephone 拿起听筒，拿起电话
2) 搭载乘客；驾车去接人
eg Shall I pick you up at the station?
我去车站接你吧？
3) 恢复，使恢复，变好（通常描述健康，经济，事态等变好）
eg I believe things will pick up soon.
我相信一切都会好起来的。
send back to 送回去
the local anthorities 地方当局
the school authorities 学校当局
the anthorities concerned 有关当局
10. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of children who dream of evading
school.
定语从句 who dream of evading school 梦想逃学的孩子们，修饰children.
set up a record for … 为…创造
dream of doing sth 梦想做…
【关键词组摘录】
1. play truant
2. over and over
3. as far as
4. put sb to shame
5. in the meantime
6. creep off
【Key Structures 】
1. 简单句：只包含一个主谓结构，而句子各个成分都只有单词或者短语表示。
2. 并列句：句子包含有两个或两个以上互不依靠的主谓结构，并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词连接。
3 复合句：包含有两个或者更多的主谓结构，其中有一个（或更多的）主谓结构充当句子的某一部分
如句子充当主语，状语，宾语，标语，定语等。
Exercises
用括号中的连词改写句子
1) The climbers reached the top of the mountain. They spent the night there.
(not only… but… as well)
7. pick up 8. send back to 9. local authorities 10. set up a record 11. dream of doing sth
The climbers not only reached the top of the mountain, but spent the night there as well.
爬山者不但到达山顶，而且在那儿度过一个晚上。
（主语是the climbers, 那么not only…but…as well连接并列的谓语动词）
2) A fire broke out in a cinema. Several hundred people tried to leave the building. A number of them
were injured. (when… and)
When a fire broke out in a cinema, several hundred people tried to leave the building and a number of them were injured.
当电影院里发生大火时，几百人想要逃生，很多人受伤了。
(when 引导时间状语从句，and 连接前后并列关系的并列句）
3) James Sullivan will give a lecture at the local library next week. His book on the Antarctic was
published recently.(whose)
James Sullivan, whose book on the Antarctic was published recently, will give a lecture of the local library next week. James Sullivan
在下星期在当地的图书馆将进行一场报告，他的关于南极的书刚刚被出版。
（whose 引导一个定语从句表所有关系，whose book on the Antarctic was published recently是一个定语从句，紧跟在先行词James Sullivan后面，再后面跟出一个谓语动词will give a lecture of the local library next week. ）
4) I hid the Christmas presents under the desk quickly. My young daughter would not see them.
She entered the room. (so that, when )
I hid the Christmas presents under the desk quickly so that my young daughter would not see
them when she entered the room.
我迅速地把圣诞礼物藏在桌子下面，目的是不让我女儿进屋的时候看到这些礼物。
(so that 引导的是一个目的状语从句，而when引导的是时间状语从句，连接主从符合句。）
5) I refused the offer. I explained. I had already been offered a job by another company.
（refusing, that)
Refusing the offer, I explained that I had already been offered a job by another company.
拒绝这份工作我解释到，我已经被另外一家公司给与一份工作了。
（refusing是一个现在分词表达状语，使用现在分词refusing做状语成分，而that连接解释的内容，引导一个宾语从句）
6) He fought the wolves for three hours. Help arrived. (before)
He fought the wolves for three hours before help arrived.
在援助到来之前他和狼群搏斗了3个小时。
（before连接的通常是时间状语从句）
7) The police searched everywhere. They missing boy could not be found. His dog could not be
found. ( Although …neither… nor)
Although the police searched everywhere, neither the missing boy nor his dog could be found.
尽管警察到处的搜寻，小孩和他的狗都没有被找到。
( although 引导让步状语从句，neither…nor前者也不，后者也不，连接并列句。在主句中间，neither the missing boy nor his dog, neither…nor连接并列的主语成分，neither…nor 本身有否定含义，所以谓语动词could be不再出现否定）
8) Fares have increased. The railway company is still losing money. The employees have
demanded higher wages. ( In spite of the fact that… because…)
In spite of the fact that fares have increased, the railways company is still losing money because the employees have demanded higher wages.
尽管车费涨了这一事实，铁路公司仍旧在亏钱，因为员工要求更高的工资。
(In spite of 是一个介词短语，尽管的含义，the fact,尽管这个事实，那么是什么事实呢？That 从句是个同位语从句，告诉我们事实的内容；because 引导一个原因状语从句）
9) He gave me a fright. I knocked the teapot over. (such… that)
He gave me such a fright that I knocked the teapot over.
他吓了我如此一跳，以至于我把茶壶打翻了。
( such…that 表示如此…以至于…；such后面通常加名词或者名词短语，that引导结果状语从句）
10) I made sure. The alarm clock worked. I set it. It would ring at six o`clock.
( After making… that… so that)
After making sure that the alarm clock worked, I set it so that it would ring at six o`clock.
确定闹装会响之后我设定了闹钟，目的是让它六点钟响。
(after是介词，表示…之后，making是动名词做after的介词宾语；so that 引导目的状语从句，目的是6点钟它会响。这个主从复合句的主句就是I set it,我设定闹钟，前面是一个时间状语，so that 是一个目的状语。）
Exercises
1They are unimaginative. They haven`t much imagination.
题干中的unimaginative是adj,缺乏想象力的
A imagination n 想象力，与imaginative是同根词，含义相反
B fantasy n 幻想，幻觉，词义不够贴切
C imaginary adj 想象中的，空想的
D fantasia n 幻想曲，幻想作品，词义不正确
2They have been put to shame by a boy. They should feel ashamed.
(put to shame 使惭愧、使羞愧）
A ashamed adj 感到羞愧的，惭愧的（主语是人）
B shy adj 胆怯的，羞怯的，词义不够贴切
C shyness n 羞怯，词义和词性都不正确
D shameful adj 丢脸的，可耻的，主语一般是物而不是人。
3Thousands of boys dream of evading school. They dream of avoiding it.
(dream of doing sth 梦想做某事）
A escaping n 逃脱，逃离
B avoiding n 躲开，回避
C preventing n 阻止
D running away n 逃跑
4When you are riding a bicycle, you should hold the handlebars firmly.
骑自行车的时候你应该抓紧车把。
A handle v 操纵
B control v 控制
C hand v 传递
D hold v 抓紧，抓牢
谚语
The early bird catches the worm.
早起的鸟儿有虫吃。捷足先登；先抓住时机的人会取得成功；早起工作的人会取得成功。
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记_第75课_课文讲解
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新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记
Finding fossil man 发现化?石?人 Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful? We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first 'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 读到flint 打?火?石anthropomorphic ?人格 化拟1anthropo ?人类 的让步?一?一trace back date back read of read about a trace of ?一些
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【派生词】handkerchief 手帕 【单词扩充】arm 手臂 【单词搭配】hand in hand手牵于ha nds up举手give a hand协助 【单词例句】 A：Hold the steering wheel with your hands at teno'clock and two o'clock. A. 把手握在方向盘的10点及2点钟方向。 B：And what shallI do then? B:我接着该这么做？ pleasantly ['plezntli]adv 愉快地 understand ['plezntli] 懂，明白 【派生词】understanding 理解nusunderstand 误解 【单词搭配】understand each other 互相了解 【单词例句】 A: We have to be fair about these things A:对这种事情，我们一视同仁。 B: I understand your position. B. 处在你们的位置，这样做我很理解。 speak [spik]讲，说 【派生词】speaker 喇叭 【单词扩充】relate 叙述say 说，讲 【单词搭配】speak out 大声说speak on 继续说
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新概念英语第二册第73课:The record-holder Lesson 73 The record-holder纪录保持者First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Did the boy go where he wanted to? Children who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet day's fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1,600 miles. He hitchhiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitchhiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of children who dream of evading school. 参考译文 逃学的孩子们都缺乏想像力。他们通常能够做到的，至多也就是安静地钓上一天鱼，或在电影院里坐上8个小时，一遍遍地看同一部电影。而有那么一个小男孩，他在逃学期间旅行了1,600英里，从而使上述所有逃学的孩子们都相形见绌了。他搭便车到了丹佛，天快黑时钻进了一条船，想找个地方睡觉。第二天早上他醒来时，发现船在这段时间已经到了加。当男孩从船里爬出来时，谁也没有发现他。从那里他又搭上卡车到了巴黎。司机给了他几块饼干和一杯咖啡，就把他丢在了城外。男孩截住的下一辆车，没有像他希望的那样把他带到巴黎市中心，而是把他带到了法国和西班牙边界上的佩皮尼昂。他在那儿被一个警察
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The modern city 现代城市 In the organization of industrial life the in?uence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the arti?cial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants of?ces and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edi?ces and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants. ?一理理的 代 ?人造的?生存?方式隺加规模 I 平庸的 ?一倒夺巨?大的?大厦南满拥塞without any idea of 完全忽视without giving any consideration to
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新概念英语第二册逐句精讲语言点第75课(2) Lesson 75 SOS 呼救信号 When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters "SOS" in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash. 句子讲解： 5、The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. 这位妇女知道，即使最近的村庄也有数英里远。 6、When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. 夜幕降临时，她把提箱当作小床，把她的孩子们放了进去，又将所有 能够找到的衣服都盖在了孩子们身上。
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Lesson 73 The record-holder 一、教学重点 1、复习书信写作 二、教学步骤 1、引入话题（详见右框）。2’ 2、听一遍音频，掌握大意。5’ ① Who put the children playing truant from school to shame? ② Where did he go? ③ Where was he picked up by a policeman? 3、生词解读，纠正发音。10’ 4、提出问题：What does the record actually mean in the text? 看一遍视频，解答问题。3’ 5、精讲课文，板书和笔记（详见下文）。20’ 【第二节课】 1、做345页的两道选择理解题。5’ 2、朗读课文。10’ 3、复习句型（详见下文）。10’ 4、做344页关于句型的练习。15’ 5、绕口令。10’ 【第三节课】 1、讲解344页的难点。10’ 2、听写单词，记忆法指点。10’ 3、听英文歌曲。8’ 4、看图背课文比赛。20’ 5、总结本课重点，让学生标注（详见上文）。1’ 6、布置作业：摘要写作，345页的选择题，背课文和单词。1’ 三、单词讲解 1. record-holder 记录保持者 record-breaker 破记录者 n.+ v.+ er 构词法 tennis player 网球选手 football player 2. truant n. 逃学的孩子，逃学者 The three boys who are fishing over there are truants and ought to be sent back to school. play truant 逃学(英) play hooky 逃学(美) evade school 逃学 be absent from class on purpose 逃学 3. unimaginative adj. 缺乏想象力的 imagine v. 想象，设想 imaginative adj. 有想象力的 imagination n. 想象力 -tive 一般是形容词的后缀； active, attractive
新概念英语第四册笔记-完整版
L1 Finding fossil man We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas----legends handed down from one generation of storytellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago. But the first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they had any, are forgotten. So archaeologists have neither history nor legends to help them to find out where the first'modern men' came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. New words and expressions recount /ri'kaunt/ v.叙述 / ' rei'kaunt/ 再数一次 record / ' rek[d/ /ri' kC:d/ 第一个音节带重音，名前动后 叙述：recount : emotionless 重复 describe depict： a little emotional narrate： temporal&spacial 根据时间或空间顺序描述。 portray：描述 saga /'sa:g[/ n.英雄故事描述的内容mostly real 北欧海盗活动的故事 legend /'ledV[nd/ n.传说，传奇 unreal e.g robin hood anthropologist/ 'AnWr['pCl[dVist/ n.人类学家 anthrop：人 philosophere :philo＋sopher|爱＋智慧＝哲学家 philanthropist : 慈善家（对人有爱心的人） anthropology :人类学 带-gy结尾的都是学科：biology 生物学 geography 地理学 ecology 生态学 remote/ ri'm[ut/ n.遥远 ancestor / 'Ansest[/ n.祖先 an- 在前面 forefather,forebear ，predecessor祖先 rot/ rCt/ v.烂掉 leave me rot.＝leave me along rot to death. soon ripe,soon rotten. decay 国家民族逐渐衰亡 decompose 逐渐衰竭 deteriorate关系逐渐恶化 trace /treis/ n.痕迹，踪迹 trace the problem i follow your trace＝i follow where you go polynesia 波利尼西亚 poly-多 polyandric: a wife with more than one husband polygeny : a husband with more than one wife flint /flint/ n.燧石 flinting hearted fossil / ' fCsl/ n. 化石 cobble 鹅卵石 read of 读到 谈到：speak of ,talk of ,know of,hear of near east：近东 mediterranean, south europe,north afric far east 非限定性从句，表原因 oral(spoken) language is earlier than written language. precede :什么在什么之前，不用比较，直接跟名词 counterpart: two things or two people have the same position oral(spoken) language is earlier than written counterpart. preserve: 保留，保存（腌制） 如果句中有only，那后面的表语结构就要用to do sth,而不是doing sth. storyteller: 讲故事的人 fortuneteller, palmreader: 算命先生 migration ：移民１）migrant ２）immigrant v. migrate:迁移，迁徙 migratory bird:候鸟 none: no body people＋s 民族 if they had any: 即便是有 his relatives,if he had any,never went to visit him when he was hospitalized. find out千方百计，费尽周折＝explore modern men :the men who were like ourselves however－anywhere you want ,加逗号 but,yet－不加标点，only at the beginning of the sentence therefore－自由