高职高专英语三级翻译

高职高专英语三级翻译
高职高专英语三级翻译

摘要:根据高职高专英语教学的特点,并结合高等学校英语应用能力测试的考试内容和针对性,总结了这一测试中翻译选择题的解题技巧,以期对高职高专参加此测试的学生和从事高职高专英语教学的教师有一些帮助。

关键词:应用能力翻译选择技巧

英语应用能力测试(Practical English Test for Colleges,简写为PRETCO),主要是测试高职高专类院校非外语专业学生的英语应用能力,其考试内容主要以应用类试题为主,题型包括听力、单项选择、单词变形、阅读理解、英译汉和写作,写作为应用文写作。从整体来看,英语应用能力测试的难度不大,但高职高专学生的英语基础普遍较差,大部分学生要通过考试还是比较困难的。作为高职高专院校的英语教师,要帮助自己的学生在英语应用能力测试中取得较好的成绩,不仅要传授英语知识,应试技巧也是教师应向学生传授的重要内容之一。

就英语应用能力测试中的英译汉试题来讲,考生得分的机会较大,这跟该题的评分方式有关。英译汉主要有两种题型,一种是选择题,即一句英文下给出四个中文翻译的选项,要求考生进行选择;另一种是段落翻译,要求考生完整地翻译出一则篇幅较短的文字。在这两种题型中,第二种题型考查考生的英语综合水平,而第一种题型则比较注重答题技巧,具体如下:

1.英译汉选择题型共四题,总分值8分,每小题2分。

2.每小题的选项中,有一个选项所做出的翻译与题目所给出的英文内容是最相符合的,如选择该答案,可得2分。

3.剩余的三个选项中,仍有两个选项可以得分,但是这两个选项与上述最佳选项相比,在某些内容上有偏差或错误。根据选项给出的翻译与原文内容之间差别的不同程度,选择这两个选项中较佳的一项可得1.5分,另外一项可得1分。

4.如选择翻译效果最差的选项不得分。如:

They were so behaved in the debate that we find it difficult not to admire them.

A.他们在辩论中如此表现了一番,以致于我们不得不称赞他们。

B.他们在辩论中表现非常出色,我们很难不佩服他们。

C.他们在辩论中行为得体,使我们觉得难以超越他们。

D.他们的辩论表现很糟糕,我们很难不为他们难过。

【高等学校英语应用能力考试(A级)2004年6月第64题】

按照以上评分标准,该题的四个选项按照得分从高到低的顺序依次为:B,A,C,D。

从此类题型的难易程度上来看,要想做出最佳选择,从而得到满分,其实也并不是十分困难。此类题型的解题技巧主要体现在以下几个方面。

一、灵活推敲生词意思

解答翻译题的最大难点之一就是不明白生词的意思,而在这一题型中,这个问题已经不是最令人头痛的了。如果题目中出现了比较生僻的单词,考生并不是无从下手,可以从选项中所给的对应的汉语意思推敲英语单词的含义,并结合整句话的含义进行选择。试看下面一道试题:

The police forced their way into the room, only to find the safe empty.

刚刚发现保险箱是空的,警察就进入了房间。

为了找到那只空保险箱,警察强行进入了房间。

警察破门而入,结果发现保险箱已经被洗劫一空。

为了找到那只空保险箱,警察被迫进入通向房间的通道。

【高等学校英语应用能力考试(A级)2006年6月第62题】

在该题中,有一个很简单的单词“safe”,如果不是选择题,而是让考生自行翻译,他们的思路就很容易局限在“安全的”这一意思下,很难想到“safe”的名词含义“保险箱”。而在这道题

中,四个选项对该词的解释均为“保险箱”,这就在很大程度上对考生起到了帮助作用。另外,句中还有一个比较难处理的单词“ force”,其原义为“强迫,强加”,但在该句中构成词组“force one’s way”,其意思则要发生变化。对于大多数的高职高专学生来说,要正确理解这一词组的意思还是有一定困难的。要想正确选择该题的答案,考生可以从别的方面加以斟酌,绕过这一不好翻译的词组。例如词组“only to find”,其意思为“结果发现”就比较明确。在以上四个选项中,仅有C项的翻译为这一意思,因此可以将答案基本锁定在C项上。为了确定答案是否为最佳,考生还可以将该选项结合英语全文加以推敲,可以很明显地看出,该选项的前一部分将词组“force one’s way”译为“破门而入”,十分符合整句话的意思,而且对于“force”一词的处理也与其原义比较接近,那么最佳答案就理所当然为C项。

二、认真对比句型结构

由于英语应用能力考试针对的对象为高职高专院校的学生,其难度一般不会太大,在翻译题中,句型的结构一般也就比较简单,容易梳理。试看下面一道试题:

Scientists are eager to talk with other scientists working on similar problem.

A.科学家热衷于与从事类似课题研究的其他科学家交流。

B.科学家更容易与其他科学家谈话来解决相同的问题。

C.科学家很乐意在解决类似问题时同其他科学家交流。

D.科学家更容易就雷同的问题与其他科学家交谈。

【高等学校英语应用能力考试(A级)2003年6月第61题】

在该题原句中,现在分词短语“working on similar problem”作为后置定语修饰“scientists”一词,其作用相当于一个形容词。在四个选项中,对于这个短语的用法和含义处理正确的选项很明显只有A项,其他三项均不是把这一短语作为修饰“scientists”的定语来处理。

三、灵活使用排除法

排除法是处理选择题的一种常用方法,其作用是不容忽视的。在这一类翻译选择题中,排除法的使用有时候也能起到相当大的作用,当考生无法从常规角度做出最佳选择时,排除法也不失为一种好方法。试看以下试题:

Today’s young people generally have more purchasing power than their parents, and they are more prepared to use it.

A.如今年轻人的购买能力一般都超过他们父母,而且更乐意消费。

B.总体上今天的年轻人赚的钱比父母更多,而且他们时刻准备消费掉。

C.如今年轻人在消费上大都比父母大方,而且他们更做好了花钱的准备。

D.今天的年轻人大都认为他们需要比父母多买东西,而且时刻准备这么做。

【高等学校英语应用能力考试(A级)2002年12月第61题】

在这一题中有英语中常见的“more…than…” 句型结构,而这一句型结构的含义是十分简单的,相信只要有一点英语基础的人都能理解。从本题的四个选项来看,对于被比较的两个对象的翻译都不一样。在原文中,比较结构所包含的两个对象分别是“purchasing power”和“their parents”,前者的意思是“购买能力”,后者的意思则相当简单。当然这个比较结构的句型还含有省略这一语法现象,但是在此可以不做考虑,考生只需要考虑到“purchasing power”译为“购买能力”是最佳的选择,那么答案便可以确定为A,而B,C,D三个选项对于这一短语的翻译都不准确。

使用排除法的关键之处在于考生必须确定一个可供推敲的对象,而这一对象最好是自己能够把握的知识内容,从而根据自己已有的知识进行比较和排除。

四、保守得分法

所谓保守得分法是指当应试者无法确定最佳答案的时候,通过自己能确定的句中部分内容的翻译,找出翻译有明显错误的答案,并将其排除,保证所选答案能够得分。用这种方法选出

的答案不一定能得满分,但是可以保证得1.5分或者1分,因此可称为保守得分法。这种方法对于英语基础较薄弱的考生来说是很实用的,因为只需要找出明显有误的翻译便可以排除错误选项。试看以下试题:

His ignorance of the company’s financial situation resulted in his failure to ta ke effective measures. A.他对公司财务状况豪不理会,自以为措施有效,以致失当。

B.他对公司的财务状况一无所知,结果未能采取有效的措施。

C.他采取的措施无效,使得公司的经营状况更加恶化了。

D.他不了解公司的金融状况,结果采取的措施失效了。

【高等学校英语应用能力考试(A级)2004年6月第63题】

该题对于高职高专学生而言,生单词比较多,但该句末尾的“failure to take effective measures”却是比较好理解的一个短语,意思大概为“采取有效措施失败”。根据这一点,考生可以很明显地看出选项A中将其译为“措施有效”是错误的,因此可以很肯定的排除这一项。虽然通过其他内容的分析后,可以得出最佳答案为B,但对于水平有限而无法进行全面分析的应试者来说,在A之外的选项中任选一个已经至少可以得1分了。

总的来说,高职高专非英语专业的学生没有系统地学习翻译理论和方法,他们的翻译水平都十分有限,要在英语应用能力测试的翻译选择题中取得较高的分数,除了平时学习需要努力之外,以上解题技巧也是十分有帮助的。特别需要注意的是,以上解题技巧并不是各自独立的,在任何一道题目中,这些方法都有可能同时使用到,这就要求高职高专的英语教师对学生加以引导和训练,学生也要不断灵活应用,以提高自己的解题能力。

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