高中英语Unit4HelpingpeoplearoundtheworldSectionⅢGramma

高中英语

Unit4HelpingpeoplearoundtheworldSectionⅢGrammar 虚拟语气Ⅱ教案含解析牛津译林版选修60929266

Section ⅢGrammar——虚拟语气(Ⅱ)

语境自主领悟

先观察原句后自主感悟

1.If you had asked him yesterday，

you would know what to do now.

2.He looks as if he had seen a ghost.

3.He looks as if he were an artist.

4.If only the alarm clock had rung.

5.If only I were you！

6.I wish he had visited us last night.

7.I would rather (that) I had not seen it.

8.I would rather you painted the wall green next time.

9.I suggest that we (should) hold

a meeting next week.

10.It is time that the children went/should go to bed. 1.句1中从句的谓语动词为had asked，是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；主句的谓语动词为would know，是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。

2.由句1、2、3、4可以看出，as if从句和if only 后的句子常用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟用过去完成时，如句2、4；表示对现在的虚拟用一般过去时(be 动词常用were)，如句3、5。

3.由句6、7、8可以看出，wish和would rather后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟用过去完成时，如句6、7；would rather后接的宾语从句中若表示对将来的虚拟用一般过去时，如句8。

4.在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的词如suggest，order，command，require等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词常用(should)＋动词原形，如句9。

5.由句10可以看出，在句型“It is time that...”中，从句的谓语动词既可以使用一般过去时，也可以使用should＋动词原形。

一、错综时间条件句(混合条件句)

当条件状语从句表示的动作或行为和主句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。

If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now.

如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。

If he were free today，we would have sent him to Beijing.

如果他今天有空的话，我们就派他去北京了。

[即时训练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空

①If you had studied (study)hard before，you would be (be)a college student now.

②If you hadn't lost the map，we would be (be)back in the hotel now.

二、含蓄虚拟条件句

有时虚拟的条件不通过条件从句表达出来，而是暗含在单词、短语或上下文中，这时需要根据句中所表述的意义以及某些特定的信息词来判断此时需要采用的形式。常用词或短语有：with，without，but for，or else，or，otherwise等。

But for her help，they couldn't have run over the mountain in such a short time.

要不是她的帮助，他们不会在那么短的时间内翻过那座山。

I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.

我那天病了。否则，我就参加运动会了。

He must have been there，or he never could know the place so well.

他一定去过那儿，否则他决不会如此了解那个地方。

[名师点津]

有些句子中没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句，但仍要用虚拟语气，这时，要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么是隐含在上下文中。

I would do anything for her.

我会为她做任何事情。(省略了if I could)

We would have given out an urgent message.

我们本来可以发布一则紧急通知的。(省略了but we were uncertain about it)

[即时训练2] 句型转换

①What would you do if you had a million dollars?

→What would you do with a million dollars?

②We would not have finished the work on time if you had not helped us.

→We would not have finished the work on time without your help.

③If there were no electricity，life would be quite different today.

→ Without electricity，life would be quite different today.

④If it had not been for the rain，we would have finished the work.

→ But for the rain，we would have finished the work.

三、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用

(一)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用

1．wish后的宾语从句

我希望我是一只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。

I wish I hadn't made such a mistake.(过去)

我希望我没有犯过这样的错误。

I wish I would live up to the expectations of my parents and teachers in the College Entrance Examinations.

我希望在高考中我不会辜负父母和老师的期望。

[即时训练3] 用所给动词的适当形式填空

①I wish I had slept (sleep)longer this morning，but I had to get up and come to class.

②I wish your company expanded (expand)the business.

2．在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用一般过去时来表示对现在或将来的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。

I would rather I had attended the party yesterday.

我情愿我昨天去参加那个聚会了。

I would rather they left next week.

我宁愿他们下周离开。

[即时训练4] 用所给动词的适当形式填空

①I would rather you came (come) with us.

②I would rather I had returned (return)the book yesterday.

3．在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。

一坚持：insist

二命令：order，command

三建议：suggest，propose，advise

四要求：request，require，demand，ask

The doctor advised that he (should) take more exercise.

医生建议他多锻炼。

His health required that he (should) go to bed early.

他的健康状况要求他早睡。

[名师点津] suggest表“暗示，表明”，insist表“坚持认为，坚持说”时，不用虚拟语气。

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.

他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

那个人坚持说他从来没有偷过钱。

[即时训练5] 完成句子

①医生建议病人立即被送往医院。

The doctor suggested that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay.

②天空中的乌云表明即将要下雨了。

The dark clouds in the sky suggested that it was going to rain.

③她坚持要求预订座位。

She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.

④那位年轻人坚持说他从未见过那个钱包。

The young fellow insisted that he had never seen the wallet.

(二)虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用

1．“It is important(necessary，strange，natural，a pity等)＋that从句”句型中，从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。

It is necessary that I (should) return it right now.

我有必要马上把它还回去。

It's a pity that he (should) have failed in the exam.

他考试竟没有及格，真是遗憾。

2．“It is ordered(suggested，requested，required，proposed等)＋that从句”句型中，从句谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。

It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language.

学生们被要求应当学一门外语。

[即时训练6] 完成句子

①真奇怪他竟然那样对待他的父母。

It's strange that he (should) have acted toward his parents like that.

②人们建议会议推迟到下周。

It's suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.

(三)虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用

在表示建议、命令、要求、愿望等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。这类名词有：advice，suggestion，order，demand，proposal，request，desire等。

He made the demand that we (should) go at once.

＝His demand was that we (should) go at once.

他要求我们马上去。

[即时训练7]

将下面两个句子合并为一个含同位语从句的复合句

We all agreed to his suggestion.

He suggested us going to Dalian for sightseeing.

→We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.

(四)虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用

1．even if(though)，as if(though)从句以及if only后的句子常用虚拟语气

听起来你好像过得很愉快。

If only I had seen the film!

我要是看了那部电影多好啊！

[名师点津]

even if(though)如果叙述的是事实，as if (though)如果有明显的迹象表示“有可能实现的事实”时，不用虚拟语气。

It is so cloudy.It looks as if it is going to rain.

天阴得很，似乎要下雨。

2．It's (high/about) time后的从句用虚拟语气

从句谓语动词常用过去时，也可用should＋动词原形，should一般不能省略。

It's time (that) we had/should have a meeting to talk about the problem.

该开个会讨论一下这个问题了。

[即时训练8] 单句改错

①If only I have taken your advice earlier.

have→had

②Even if he was here，he couldn't solve the problem.

was→were

③He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he is a Chinese.

is→were

④It is high time you go to school.

go→went/should go 3．其他常见的用虚拟语气的情况

由lest(以免)，for fear that(生怕，唯恐)和in case(以防)引导的状语从句可用虚拟语气，谓语形式为“(should＋)动词原形”。

The little boy hid himself behind a big tree for fear that his father (should) see him.

小男孩把自己藏在一棵大树后，恐怕他的父亲会看到他。

I let them go out lest I (should) be bothered.

我让他们去了外面，免得他们打扰我。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．It is time that the government took/should take (take) measures to protect the rare birds and animals.

2．The order is that everyone (should) give (give)a five-minute talk in class.

3．He talks as if he had been (be)in the USA for many years.

4．If only you had told (tell) me the truth before.

5．Without cars，people's life would be (be)very inconvenient today.

6．I'd rather you had seen (see)the film yesterday.

7．His smile suggested that he had succeeded (succeed)in this exam.

8．It is required that middle school students (should) take (take)at least one hour to do exercise every day.

9．The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students (should)be given (give)two weeks to prepare for the exam.

10．He insisted that they (should)show (show)him their passports.

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

1．He talks as if he knows all about it.

knows→knew

2．If only I can speak several foreign languages！

can→could 3．I wish I am rich.

am→were 4．I insisted that he be wrong.

be→was 5．Her expression suggested that she be angry.

be→was 6．It is high time that you teach him a lesson.

teach→taught/should teach 7．If I was you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night.

was→were 8．I would rather he has passed the driving test.

has→had 9．They insisted the boy went with them.

went→go 10．But for the rain，we have finished the work.

we后加would