人教版高英选修6重点单词和短语讲解 unit4
1. phenomenon n. 現象;奇迹，罕见的人才或事物phenomena(pl.)
Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather.
Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians.
the phenomena of nature 自然现象
a social phenomenon 社会现象
It is a social phenomenon that teenagers addict themselves to computer games.
【2019北京】At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called phytoplankton.
【2015北京】This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.
【期末测试】The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly_________.
A.atmosphere
B. state
C. situation
D. phenomenon
2.tend
1）vt. 趋向, 往往是；
Most of boys tend to enjoy playing basketball. tend to do倾向于做;有..的习惯
The older women tend to believe in strangers easily.
2）vi.照管, 护理常与on/upon/to连用
His mother was ill and he had to tend to her.
tend on/upon the customer 招待客人
tendency n. 趋向，倾向（常与to/towards连用）
Nowadays there is a growing tendency for people to shop on internet.
【2019天津】Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
【2016四川】 Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency to age more slowly than a man’s.
3. range n.行列, 范围；vt. 排列, 归类于
We have a wide range of choices such as travelling and visiting friends.
a (wide) range of ...一系列…
In spite of the simple language, this article is beyond the range of human understanding.
beyond/out of range 在范围外The price of this house is out of our range. beyond/out of one's range 某人能力达不到的
Prices range between 7 and 10. range between ... and ...在……和……范围内变动
He has a number of interests, which range from playing chess to swimming.
range from ... to ... 在……范围内变动【2018江苏】But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns
can create a wide range of career possibilities.
【期末测试】The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.
A. ranging
B. range
C. to range
D. ranged
4. average
1) adj.平均的;一般的，普通的，中等的
That was too expensive for the average American family.（07江苏阅读E）
The average women’s brain weighs 10% less than men’s.（08陕西阅读E）
2)n.平均，平均数
I spend an average of about $200 a year on books. an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
The average of 3, 8 and 10 is 7. the average of ……的平均数
The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.
on (the) average 平均起来
above/below (the) average在平均水平以上/以下
up to (the) average达到平均水平
【2019江苏】Mammals（哺乳动物）weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm2. 【2017全国卷Ⅱ】Freddy was an average student, but not an average person.
【期末测试】Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000, a(n) of 40,000 per year.
A. average
B. number
C. amount
D. quantity
5.existence n.生存
In the middle age, almost everybody tended to believe the existence of God.
The elephant is the largest land animal in existence. in existence存在的；现存的
exist v.存在
Man cannot exist without air.
【2019北京】A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.
【2016全国3】it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence
【高考完形】54.A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist
https://www.360docs.net/doc/7d13132564.html,e about 发生
How did this come about?
I don't know how it came about but I've got a dent in the rear of my car.
[短语拓展]
come along 进展；同…一起
His work is coming along well．他的工作进展情况很好。
John wants to come along with us to the movie．约翰想和我们一道去看电影。
come out 出来, 长出
The sun came out from behind the clouds late in the afternoon．
come to oneself 苏醒, 醒悟；
He will come to himself soon after the operation．
come up with 赶上, 提出
He can always come up with some new ideas.
(1)take place一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。
The Olympic Games of2012will take place in London.
(2)happen一般用于偶然或突发性事件。
What happened to you?（一般不说：What did you happen?）你怎么了？
Maybe something unexpected happened.也许没有料到的事情发生了。
I happened to see him on my way home.
＝It happened that I saw him on my way home.
(3)come about表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道事情为什么会发生，常用于疑问句和否定句中。
How did this come about?
7.quantities of 大量的
Before they enter an entrance examination, they have to do quantities of exercise.
He drinks large quantities of water every day.
[短语拓展]
A (large) quantity of /quantities of+名词（可数/不可数）
A large quantity of books has been contributed to the children.
A amount of/ amounts of+不可数名词
I mounted the mountain and found a fountain with large amount of water.
注意：以上短语修饰名词充当主语时，由quantity/amount的单复数决定谓语的单复数。
Large quantities of food were on the table.
Only a small quantity of milk is offered in this area.