中考英语专题复习-数词文档8页

中考英语专题复习-数词文档8页
中考英语专题复习-数词文档8页

中考英语专题复习-数词

二、考点跟踪解读

1. 掌握数词的运用和数字组成的方法。

2. 掌握基数词和序数词的变化规律及其所表示的意义。

3. 掌握常用的数词的读法和书写要求。

三、要点精讲全解

(一)数词的写法

1. 基数词的写法

(1)13-19是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen 构成的,并有两个重音。重

点记住13,15,18 的拼写形式是:thirteen ,fifteen ,eighteen。

(2)20-90八个整十数字是由个位基数词后添加后缀-ty 构成的。重点记住20, 30, 40, 50, 80 分别为:twenty , thirty, forty , fifty , eighty。

(3)21-99 的基数词由十位数和个位数组成,中间加加连字符“-”。21-twenty-one

( 4 )表示三位以上的数时,百位数和十位数或个位数(十位数缺位时)之间加and。如:123—one hundred and twenty-three , 408—four hundred and eight

(5)千位数以上时,从数字的右端向左端数起,每三位数加一个逗号。

从右开始,第一个逗号前为thousand,第二个逗号前为million,第三个逗号前为billion 。

(6)hundred, thousand, million, billion 构成基数词时,大凡用单数

形式。但和介词of连用时,表示不确切数量时,要用复数形式。即:hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, billions of.

2. 序数词的写法

大凡在基数词后加-th。但记住第一、二、三要牢记,八去t,九去e, ve 要用f 替,遇见y变ie,最后加上th。若遇见几十几,只变个位就可以。”即特别记住first,second,third,eighth,ninth,fifth,twelfth,twentieth, seventy- second 。在大凡情况下在序数词前要加the,但下列情况除外:

(1)序数词前有物主代词等限定代词时。This is our first lesson这是我们的第一节课。

(2)序数词表示另一”概念时,不用the,要用a/an。如:A seco nd girl came into the classroom又有一个女孩走进了房间。

(3)谈论考试、比赛时的名词时,序数词前不加the。如:He won first prize in the high jump.

他在跳高比赛中获得了第一名。

3. 分数词的写法

分数词都是由基数词和序数词构成的,分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示。

除分子为“1外”,其它情况下分母均用序数词的复数形式来表示。

—a half, one second 宀a quarter, one fourth; — six seventh(二)数词的句法作用

基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语,例如:

1. Thirty of them are Party members.(作主语)

2. —How many would you like?—Three, please.(作宾语)

3. The nine boys are from Beijing(. 作定语)

4. Six and four is ten.(作表语)

5. We four will go with you. (作同位语)

(三)数词的用法

1. 年月日的表示法

年用基数词表示,日用序数词表示。例如:

1949 年十月一日读作: October the first, nineteen sixty2009 年九月十日读作:September the tenth,two thousand and nine

2. 时刻的表示法

整点数字后加o' clock几点几分顺着读;几点过几分,要用past;几点差

几分,用to;半小时是half, 15分钟为quarter。

(1)顺读法:用基数词,先读几点,再读几分。如:6:20-six twenty (2)逆读法:用基数词,先读几分,再读几点。当分钟数小于或等于30时,用“分过

(past)点法”当分钟数大于30时,用“(差)分到(to)点法”女口:

2:02 — two past two ; 1:58 — two to two ;10:30 — half past9e45 宀a quarter to ten

3. 编号的表达法

编号既可用序数词,也可用基数词。但门牌号、房间号、页码、电话号码等通常用基数词。

(1)纯正的编号,可在基数词前加number,缩写为No.。如:

I think No. 5 is the best我认为5 号最佳。

( 2)序号与名词连用时分三种情况

小序号通常用“th+e 序数词+名词”或“名词+基数词”。如“第一课”可表示为:the first lesson, Lesson One。

大序号通常只用“名词+基数词”。如“105号房间”可以说为“Room 105”,“143路公共汽车”可以表示为“Bus No. 143电话”号.码通常用基数词逐个往后读,0 可读字母o 。

用“a / the + number +基数词+名词”表示。如:a No. 3 bus 一辆三路公共汽车,the No. 3 bus那辆三路公共汽车。

四、思维误区警示

(一)基数词写法、读法

【例题解析】

1 . (北京海淀区)There are ____ days in a week.

A. the seven

B. seventh

C. the seventh

D. seven答案:D。本题主要

考查基数词和序数词的用法。“在一周中有七天。”用基数词。

2 . (济南)The road is over ____ meters long.

A. six hundred and fifty-two

B. six hundreds and fifty-two

C. six hundred, fifty-two

D. six hundred, fifty and two

答案:A。600 为six hundred, hundred 后不用复数;百位和十位间应该用and 连接。

【易错知识点解析】

基数词几十后面加ty,“几十几”,要用连字符号;几百几十几,hundred 百位和十位间用and;hundred, thousand, million, billion 等词表示详尽数字时,用单数形式,在没有确切数目修饰时,可用复数形式,后面可以加of。

(二)序数词构成、用法

【例题解析】

1 . (北京)-Excuse me. Where is Mr Green ' s office?

-It 's on __________ f loor.

A. seven

B. the seven

C. the seventh

D. seventh

答案:C。本题主要考查序数词的用法。从题干Mr Green' s offic是一间办公室,只能在一个楼层,排除A、B。在序数词前要加冠词the。

2. (长沙)-What do you think of the new book?

-There are so many new words in _____ chapte(r 章节).It ' s a bit hard.

A. fifth

B. five

C. the fifth

答案:C大凡情况下,序数词前要加the。如果前面有物主代词,可省略the。

【易错知识点解析】

首先要记住序数词的构成规律,特别要记住1、2、3、5、8、9、12、20 的

序数词。在应用方面重点记住序数词是用来表示事物的顺序的,大凡要加冠词

the。

(三)分数词构成、用法

【例题解析】

1. (无锡)About _____ of the workers in the factory were born in the

A.two thirds;1970

B.two thirds;1970s

C.two third;1970

D. two third;

1970s

答案:B。本题主要考查分数词的用法。句意是工厂里的工人出生在二十

世纪七十年代。年代的表示是在年代后加-s.

2. -What' s one fouhrtand a half, do you know?

-Yes. It ' s _______ .

A. two sixth

B. three fourths

C. one three

D. three sixths

答案:B句意是加上是多少,你知道吗?”知道啊,是。”本题重点考查的

数词的表示。

【易错知识点解析】分数词的写法大凡是:分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示:分子为

“1,”分母用序数词的单数形式;分子大于“1,”分母用序数词的复数形式。另外,分数主语的数取决于of 后面的名词的数。

(四)数词与名词表编号

【例题解析】

1.(绍兴)-Where is the head teacher?-Maybe he ' s in _______ . A. Two Room B. the Two Room C. Rooms Two D. Room Two

答案:D。句意班主任在哪里?”在2号房间”。本题主要序数词表示顺序的分外的用法。基数词在名词之后,且每个单词的首字母大写。 2.(扬州)i s the most difficult in this book.

A.Lesson ninth

B.The ninth lesson

C.Ninth Lesson

D.The nine lesson

答案:B。句意第九课是这本书中最难的。”本题重点考查编号的表达方法。Lesson Nine= the ninth lesson.

【易错知识点解析】在通常情况下,表示年级、班、行、课等的编号时用基数词。其习惯表达

为年级、班、行、课等的词在前,基数词在后,且词首的字母要大写。

即名词+基数词”也可用“th d序数词+名词”表示。

(五)hundred,thousand,million 等词

【例题解析】

1. ______________________ (湘潭)Over twenty students took part in the math competition last

year.

A. thousand

B. thousands

C. thousands of

答案:A.表示确切数量时,hundred, thousand, million, billion不用复数形式。

2. ______________________ (重庆)In our city, middle school students want to work as a teacher

in the future.

A.thousands

B.thousand of

C.thousands of

D.two thousand of 答案:C。

thousand的用法是thousands of后面接名词复数,表示成千上万个:数词+ thousand (单数)+名词复数”。

【易错知识点解析】

大凡地,基数词hundred,thousand,million,billion 等前有详尽数字时,

它们后面不能加-s,也不带of。它们的复数形式后面常需跟of连用,表示约数。如:hundreds of数百,thousands of成千上万,millions of 数百万。

希望以上资料对你有所帮助,附励志名言 3 条::

1、世事忙忙如水流,休将名利挂心头。粗茶淡饭随缘过,富贵荣华莫强求。

2、“我欲”是贫弱的标志。事能常足,心常惬,人到无求品自高。

3、人生至恶是善谈人过;人生至愚恶闻己过。

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