初三上英语知识点整理

在备考中遇到的问题

1、如何缩?考试范围单词量（成绩基础差的，短期内提?阅读能?）

2、对于成绩超级好的如何复习，基本没什么问题了

初三：Unit1Body language

动名词

①动名词由动词原形加词尾“ing”构成。动名词有动词的特征,可以跟宾语,可以被状语修饰；它也

有名词的特征,在句?中可以作主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)等。动名词加相关词语(宾语或状

语等)构成动名词短语。

②动名词可以作主语。?般可?it作形式主语?将动名词短语后移。如：Learning English all by

yourself is not so easy.(?学好英语不那么容易)(=It is not so easy learning English all by

yourself.)

③动名词可以作宾语。

[A]want/need之后?动名词时,含有被动意思。如：Your car needs reparing badly.(你的?急

需修理。)(被修)My hair needs cutting.(我要理发。)(头发被理)

[B]remember/forge/stop/finish之后?动名词时,与?不定式含义不同。如：I forgot to write

a letter to him.(我忘了给他写封信)(根本没写)/I forgot writing a letter to him.(我忘了

给他写过信)(写了却忘了)/They stopped to look back.(他们停下来向后看)(停下的?的是

向后看)/They stopped looking back.(他们停?向后看)(不向后看了)

[C]enjoy/mind/keep/hate/go等词?般?动名词作宾语。如：Do you mind my closing the

door?(把?关上你介意吗？)/She hates travelling by air.(她讨厌坐?机旅?)/They went

swimming every afternoon.(他们每天下午去游泳)/I enjoy walking around the town.(我喜

欢在镇上转悠)

[D]like/love/start/begin/learn后??动名词时,与?不定式意思相近或相同。如：We began

to study English when we were at primary school.(我们在?学时就开始学英语了)/We began

studying English when we were at primary school.(我们在?学时就开始学英语了)

④动名词可以作表语,此时特别注意不要与现在进?时混淆。如：My job is putting these parts

together.(我的事情是把这些部件拼起来)/I am putting these parts together.(我正在

．．把这些部件拼起来)

⑤动名词与现在分词构成相同,但是含义不同,动名词主要表示事情,?现在分词则主要表示进?

着的动作。如：Eating too much is not good for your health.(动名词短语,作主语)/Seeing

is believing.(动名词短语,分别作主语和表语)/He ran after a moving bus and got onto it.(现

在分词,作定语)/His father saw him sitting on some eggs.(现在分词,作宾补)

(4)分词：包含现在分词和过去分词。(?中学习重点)

①主要区别：现在分词?般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进?的意思；过去分词有被动或动作

已经完成的意思。分词可以有??的宾语或状语。

②分词或分词短语在句?中作定语、状语和复合宾语等。

[A]作定语：分词作定语时,?般要放在修饰的名词之前,分词短语作定语时,则要放在所修饰的

名词之后。如：I have got a running nose.(我流?涕)/The woman running after the thief

shouted very loudly,“Stop the thief!”(跟着?偷追的妇??喊：捉?偷！)/Yesterday I met

a man called Mr.Black.(昨天我遇?了?个名叫布莱克先?的?)/He only gave me a broken

glass,so I was very angry with him.(他只给了我?个坏玻璃杯,所以我很?他的?)

room,I saw Jack eating a big pear.(我进?房间时看到杰克正在吃?只?梨?)/In the dark

I felt something very cold moving on my foot.(?暗之中我感到有个冷的东?在我的脚上

移动)

[C]现在分词可以作状语,表示伴随情况。如：She came into the classroom,holding a pile of papers

in her hand.(他?进教室,?上抓着?沓纸)/I am very busy these days getting ready for the

coming oral test.(这些??我正忙着准备即将来到的?语考试)

[D]过去分词可以作表语,放在连系动词后?,但要注意不要与被动语态混淆,“主系表”主要表示

状态,?被动语态则表示动作。常?过去分词作表语的结构有：be worried(焦虑)/be pleased

(?兴)/be tired(疲劳)/get dressed(打扮好)/get lost(迷路)/get caught(遭遇)/beome

frustrated(沮丧)/become intereted in(对…感兴趣)等等。例略。

[E]过去分词可以作宾语补?语。如：I had my hair cut this morning.(今天早上我让?给我理

了发)(注意：have sth.done表示动作由别?来做,?have done sth.则为现在完成时的结构,

两个结构不可以混淆)

不定式

1

which one to take.(how to get to the station.(告诉我怎么样去??站)/She asked me what to do for today’s homework.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么)/Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎样上?吗？)

2、不定式作宾语?后??有宾语补?语时,通常?it代替作形式宾语,?不定式则后置。如：I

found it not very easy to learn to ride a bike.(我发现学骑?不很容易)

{词组}

1、prefer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事?不愿做某事

2、remind sb of sth使某?想起某事

3、consider doing sth考虑做某事

4、notice sb doing sth注意某?正在做某事

5、be always doing sth总是做某事

6、spend time\money on sth\in doing sth花费时间、?钱做某事

7、prepare to do sth准备做某事

?频词组

知识点1、?频考点词与词组讲解

1、avoid回避避开后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语

例句：He avoided me as much as possible.

{中考链接}Kate avoided____________my questions.

A.answer

B.to answer

C.answering

D.answered

考点：________________________________________________

2、spend花费常?于spend time\money on sth或spend time\money(in)doing sth

例句：He spent much time on his homework.

{中考链接}I_______some of my free time playing basketball for my school team.

A.spend

B.cost

C.take

D.pay

考点：________________________________________________

3、forget忘记常?的有forget to do sth,意为“忘记做某事”forget doing sth意为“忘记做过某事”

例句：Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave the room.

{中考链接}He forgot________his mother up,

A.ring

B.to bring

C.bringing

类似的动词有哪些呢？________________________________________________

4、depend on随 ?定,依赖

例句：It depends on the weather.

{中考链接}Tom couldn’t work so he had to_________his family

考点：________________________________________________

5、mind介意后接动名词、代词或动名词例句：Would you mind

opening the window?

{中考链接}I mind________because I don’t like singing.

A.sing

B.to sing

C.singing

拓展：当mind的逻辑主语不是句?的主语时候，句中的动名词前应加物主代词，?称代词或名词所有格表示其逻辑主语。

例句：I’m sure she wouldn’t mind your going with us.

6、likely可能的，适合的，可作定语或表语，?作表语时，可接to的动词不定式或that从句。

例句：I’m likely to be free this afternoon.

{中考链接}It__________to rain tomorrow.

A.is likely to

B.was likely to

C.will be likely to

Unit2Hair care

It is adj of/for sb to do sth这个知识点较容易会考

it is+adj+for sb和it is+adj+of sb含义及区别

?.导?:详?例?

It is kind of you to help me.你能帮我太好了.（kind的是you）

It is beneficial for you to do sports.运动对你有益.（beneficial的是do sports）?.表达含义:

1.it is+adj+for sb.就是“做…对某?(for sb)来说怎么样(adj)”

2.it is+adj+of sb.就是“做…说某?(of sb)怎么样(adj)”三.辨析:it is+adj+for sb和it is+adj+of sb.

①“It’s+adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某?(做某事)怎么样”?般?表示?物的性格,品德.表示主观感情或态度的形容词.若形容词是描述逻辑主语(?为者)的性格、品质特征的形容词.这个adj.是?来形容sb.的.

of后的宾语能与前?的形容词构成主表关系.这类形容词有:good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),polite(有礼貌的),clever(聪明的),foolish(愚蠢的),lazy(懒惰的),right(正直的)careful(细?的),careless(粗?的),right(正确的),wrong(错误的)bad,brave,cruel,honest,naughty,wise,rude等.?of sb.例如:It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我,真好.It's very kind of you to look after my cat.你能照看我的猫,真好.It’s kind of you to say so.(=You are kind to say so)

It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话,真粗鲁.It’s foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了.It's very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我,你真是太好了.

②“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某?来说怎么样”.常?于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词.若形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对不定式?为者的品格进?评价,?for sb.这类形容词有:

important(重要的),necessary(必要的),difficult(困难的),easy(容易的),hard(艰难的),dangerous(危险的),safe(安全的),useful(有益的),pleasant(舒适的),interesting(有趣的),impossible(不可能的),right(正确的)likely(可能的)等.?for sb,例如:

It’s important for her to come to the party.=It is important that she should come to the party.对她来说来参加聚会很重要.

It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩?们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险.It’s difficult for us to finish the work.对我们来说,完成这项?作很困难.

{词组}

1、need to do sth需要做某事

2、suggest doing sth建议做某事

3、stop sb from doing sth阻?某热做某事

4、offer to do sth(主动）提出做某事

5、Be afraid to do sth不敢做某事

Be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事

6、insist doing sth坚持做某事

Unit3Health and food

疑问词引导的宾语从句和形容词后的宾语从句

{教材典句}

1.Do you know where I can buy some meatless sausages?

2.People are thinking about how they can eat more healthily.

3.Do you know how long a person can live without food?

4.I’m glad you enjoyed the meal.

5.Debbie was sure Simon would like to have a salad instead of meat.

划出宾语从句，总结特点

宾语从句：1、疑问词引导的宾语从句

英语中的连接代词有who，whom,whose,which和what.这些词在宾语从句中担当?定的句?成分，具有?定的意义，链接代词在从句中担当的句?成分有主语，宾语，定语和表语.

I don’t know who will give us a talk.

Please tell me what you have done.

He asked whose jacket it was.

I don’t know whose that is.

英语中的连接副词有when,where,why和how.它们和上述链接代词?样，在从句中担当?定的句?成分，具有?定的意义，连接副词在从句当中担当的句?成分主要为状语.

Do you know when they’ll be back?

I want to know where she lives?

2、形容词后的宾语从句

某些形容词后?可以带有宾语从句，常?于描述感受、感想和看法.如宾语从句?that引导，that 可省略.

常带有宾语从句的形容词有：afraid,happy,sorry,proud,surprised,sure,certain等

I’m glad(that)you liked the present.

Peter is excited(that)he will go to Joan’s birthday party.

Tom was sad(that)his dog was lost.

{词组}

1、ought to do sth应该做某事

2、warn sb to do sth提醒某?做某事

3、be likely to do sth可能做某事

4、used to do sth过去常常做某事

Unit4What should I do?

反意疑问句

【反义疑问句】

（?）概念：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问，起证实作?，?般?于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。

（?）要点注意：

1、反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是：“肯定陈述＋否定疑问”或“否定陈述＋肯定疑问”。

2、简略问句如果是否定式：not应与be，do，will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写。

3、简略问句的主语不?名词，应??称代词。

4、陈述部分含“too...to”时，是否定句。

（三）?法：

1)陈述部分I am时，疑问部分要?aren't I.

I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?（我和你姐姐?样?，对吗？）

2)陈述部分?no,nothing,nobody,never,few,little,seldom,hardly等否定含义的词时，疑问部分?肯定含义。如：The old man made no answer,did he?

Jim is never late for school,is he?

3)陈述部分有情态动词

have to+v.(had to+v.)，疑问部分常?don't+主语（didn't+主语）。

We have to get there at eight tomorrow,don't we?

used to，疑问部分?didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。

He used to take pictures there,didn't he?/usedn't he?

had better（最好）+v.疑问句部分?hadn't you?

You'd better read it by yourself,hadn't you?

4)陈述部分有would rather（宁可、宁愿）+v.，疑问部分多?wouldn't+主语。

He would rather read it ten times than recite it,wouldn't he?

5陈述部分有You'd like to+v.疑问部分?wouldn't+主语。

You'd like to go with me,wouldn't you?

6)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语?it。

Everything is ready,isn't it?

陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one等，疑问部分常?复数they，有时也?单数he.

Everyone knows the answer,don't they?(doesn’t he?)

Nobody knows about it,do they?(does he?)

7)think引导的宾语从句：

A.主语是第??称

I don't think he is bright,is he?

We believe she can do it better,can't she?

B.如果主语不是第??称则疑问部分与主句相对应构成反意疑问句

He thought they were wrong,didn't he?（不能说weren't they?）

8)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分?will you。

Don't do that again,will you?

Go with me,will you/won't you?

?Let us开头的祈使句，后?will you（或won't you）?

Let's go and listen to the music,shall we（或?shan't we)?

Let us wait for you in the reading-room,will you（或won't you）?

9)陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分?there。

There is something wrong with your watch,isn't there?

There will not be any trouble,will there?

10)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍?否定形式。

It is impossible,isn't it?He is not unkind to his classmates,is he?

{词组}

1、by accident偶然，意外地

2、get into bad habits染上恶习

3、make an effort to do sth试图做某事

4、be to blame for对（坏事）负有责任

5、look out for堤防??

Unit5Going to the theatre

It be形容词that从句

It be＋形容词＋that从句

1that引导的是?个主语从句，为了避免句?看起来“头重脚轻”，从?能?it做形式主语。真正的主语从句放在后?，其中that可以省略。

2能够?“It be＋形容词＋that从句”这?句式的常?形容词有：interesting,possible,strange,important,true,clear,sad,impossible,surprising

3我们可以?“It be＋形容词＋that从句”来表示对某件事的看法或寻求对某件事的评价。

It’s strange that Tony doesn’t watch TV tonight.

{词组}

1、feel sorry for somebody同情

2、in somebody’s time在 时代

3、reach a decision做出决定

4、keep something in mind将 记在?中

5、catch somebody’s eye引起某?注意惹?注?

6、treat....as....把 看作

7、leave something behind忘记带，丢下

Unit6Great minds

名词短语+动词不定式

{教材典句}

1.A decision to become a scientist

2.A way to turn rubbish into energy

3.Invitations to talk about his ideas

{语法全解}

动词不定式是?种?谓语动词形式，其结构为：to do，即to+动词原形，此处的to为不定式符号。动词不定式在句中充当主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等多种成分。本单元，我们主要来学习不定式作定语的?法。动词不定式作定语时，常?来修饰名词或代词，放在修饰的名词或代词之后作后置定语。如本单元中的“名词短语+动词不定式”结构就属于此种情况。

1、不定式和它所修饰的词之间有动宾关系

Have you got anything to do this evening?

I have some friends to invite

2、不定式说明它修饰的名词或代词的内容，相当于同位语

I have no chance to go abroad

I can’t find a way to work out this problem

3、被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语

She is always the first to come to school

The next thing to do is to keep the machine on for five minutes

{注意}如果不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的词是不定式动作的时间、?具等，不定式后应有必要的介词。

We have a cold room to live in.

I have no chair to sit on.

{中考链接}

1、Whenever you have a chance_____English,you should take it.

A.speak

B.to speak

C.spoke

D.speaks

2、Water Park is a good place_________

A.to have fun

B.have fun

C.having fun

D.to have a fun

疑问词+动词不定式

{教材典句}

1、He did not know to answer the question

2、Then he decided what to do

这两个句?都含有“疑问词+动词不定式”结构

“疑问词+动词不定式”结构在句中相当?个名词的作?，常在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

How to stop polluting rivers is a big problem

I hardly know what to say before you

The question is how to start the work

{注意}1、know、show后跟和疑问词连?的动词不定式

Could you show me how to operate the computer?

2、动词不定式不能做介词的宾语，此时必须?加疑问词的动词不定式

My teacher gave me lots of valuable advice on how to make friends

{中考链接}

We don’t know________it next,Let’s go and ask Mr Li

A.what to do

B.to do what

C.whether to do

D.to do whether

{词组}

1、know something by heart记住

2、pay no attention to something不注意

3、instruct somebody in something教授某?...

4、be absorbed in something专?致志，全神贯注

5、have trouble doing something做某事有困难

6、make up one’s mind做出决定

Unit7Plants

定语从句

【关系代词引导的定语从句】

（?）、定义：在复合句中，修饰某?名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

定语从句是指在?个句?中作定语的句?，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2)You must do everything that I do.

上?两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先?词，定语从句放在先?词的后?。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why

1、引导定语从句

2、代替先?词

3、在定语从句中担当?个成分

（?）、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指?，在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2.whom指?，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.

注意：关系代词whom在?语和?正式语体中常?who代替，可省略。

(2)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which在句?中做主语)

(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which在句?中做宾语)

4.that指?时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(1)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句?中做主语)

(2)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?(在句?中做宾语)

5.whose通常指?，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时，常?以下结构来代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

=Do you like the book is yellow?

【总结】：

?、关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、定语等句?成分。如：

代替?代替物代替?或物

主语who which that

宾语whom／who which that

定语whose（＝of whom）whose（＝of which）

1.This is the doctor who came from London.

2.The book which／that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.

3.The desk whose leg is broken is very old.

4.This is the room that／which Shakespeare was born in.

1．如果先?词是all，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词，关系代词?般只?that，不?which。

例如：All that are present burst into tears.

2．如果先?词被形容词最?级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰，关系代词常?that，不?which。

例如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.

3．which还有?种特殊?法，它可以引导从句修饰前?的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思与and this相似。

例如：He succeeded in the competition,which made his parents very happy.

4．先?词中既有??有物时，关系代词应该?that。

例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

5．“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导?限制性定语从句。此结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,to,at,of,without等，关系代词常常只可?whom或which，不可?that。

例如：The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.

像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中?般不将介词与动词分开。

例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

{词组}

1、escape from从 中逃跑

2、in reality实际上，事实上

3、come true实现，成为现实

4、fit in with与 合得来，适应

5、date back追溯到，始于

6、develop something into使 发展成为

7、set foot on something进?，去（某地）