管理类联考英语二翻译专题

管理类联考英语二翻译专题

英语二的英译汉部分所选的短文集中在社会经济类，专业性不是很强。占15分。翻译方法多样，一般要综合使用。如增词法、减词法、转换法、分译与合译、反译法等。

一．定语从句与同位语从句的翻译

§定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词的从句叫做定语从句。该从句在句中作adj,起定语的作用。

基本结构：先行词（即被修饰的名词）+关系词（如who,whose,that,which,as,when,why,where。Whom等）+从句

非限制性定语从句：先行词和定语从句，用逗号隔开，对先行词作补充性叙述和说明。

翻译方法：前置法、分译法、状译法

例题演练：

1.前置法：从句较短时，常将定语从句译成带‘的’的定语词组，放在先行词之前。Eg:An education that aims at getting students a certain kind of job is a vocational education.

Eg:The sun,which had hidden all day,now came out in all its splendor. Exercise:Furthermore,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. 2.分译法：如果定语从句过长，可以提出来单独译成一个句子放在主句之后。

这种译法往往要重复，有时可在先行词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”或人称代词“他”、“他们”等等，来使译文明确。

Eg:In short,the scientific revolution,as we call it,was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.

Eg:The United States had long been known as a“melting pot”,because many of its people are descended from settlers who came from all over the world to make their homes in the new land.

Exercise:The time is not far away when modern communications will become widespread in china’s vast countryside.

3.状译法：当定语从句与先行词的定语作用关系不密切，反而是在意义上与主句有逻辑状语关系，对主句起原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等状语作用，此时要把定语从句翻译成状语。“以便，为了···”“由于，因为···”“所以，结果···”

“如果，万一···”“尽管，即使···”

Eg：In offices,figures,lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories.

Exercise:Rockets perform best in space,where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion.

Eg:There is no such a person as will do anything for you for free.The reason why you failed is your arrogance and selfness.

◇非限制性定语从句：按原文语序翻译即可。

Eg:The American Stock Exchange has more than1,500members,most of whom represent brokerage houses involved in buying and selling stocks for the public.

Exercise:We now live in a very new economy,a service economy,,where relationships are becoming more important than physical products.

Eg:Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.

§同位语从句：一般由that引导，补充说明前面的某一名词。

基本结构：先行词（即被补充说明的名词）+that+从句。先行词一般是fact/theory/question/conclusion/news/law/evidence/proof等词。

翻译方法：顺译法、分译法。翻译时，可增加‘即、这样、这、冒号、破折号’等字眼。

例题演练：

1.顺译法

Eg:It is scarcely surprising,then,that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized,partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.

Exercise:We demanded a guarantee that no similar incident would occur again.

2.翻译时，可增加‘即、这样、这、对此、冒号、破折号’等字眼，根据情况把同

位语从句放到主句前后。

Eg:This trend began during the second world war,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

Exercise:This is a universally accepted principle of international law that the territory sovereignty doesn’t admit of infringement.

Exercise:The fact that the gravity of the earth pulls everything towards the center of the earth explains many things.

Eg:Western thinking is linear,moving from goals to strategy to tactics,or from overview to details(or the reverse).Chinese put everything in a big pot,stir well,and serve whatever comes up.Discussion of a philosophical goal which implies commitment of millions of dollars may be followed by a question on how some minor component will be shipped.

二、名词性从句与状语从句的翻译

§名词性从句：相当于名词的从句，在主句中充当主语、宾语。表语、同位语。通常由that,what,whatever,who,whoever,where.when,how,why,whther引导。

翻译方法：顺译法

例题演练：

Eg:What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.

Eg:The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs has helped inspired debates over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.

Eg：That is why practice is the criterion of truth and why“the standard of practice should be first and fundamental in the theory of knowledge.”

Exercise:Furthermore,it’s obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.

Exercise:Distribution in economics refers to the allocation of goods among consumers---that is,to the study of who gets how much of what.

Exercise:The public opinion was that the time was not ripe for the election of such a radical candidate as MR Jackson.

Eg:Consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to https://www.360docs.net/doc/7e207354.html,ernment,at the federal,state,and local level,seeks to promote the public security,assure fair competition,and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.

Eg:Carrefour China promised customers Saturday that it will refund customers five times the difference between the advertised price and the one charged at the register,after it was blacklisted by Chinese authorities for deceptive pricing,Xinhua reports.

§.状语从句，可以表达时间、地点。原因、结果、让步、条件等关系。

要注意：hardly···when、no sooner···than、the minute、the moment，on/upon+v-ing （一···就）,so···that*如此···以至于）,so that、in order to（为了,以便）,as if（好像）,as long as（只要）等。

翻译方法：译成含因果、时间等关系的并列分句。一般无需改变语序。

例题演练：

Eg:Now that the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a valid or fair comparison,.

Exercise:No matter what steps governments take to provide water more efficiently,they must change their present approaches to water use.

Eg:If US automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries before they asked their workers take pay cuts,negotiations would probably take on a very different character.

Eg：People cannot confess fully to their dreams,as easily and openly as once they could,lest they be thought pushing,acquisitive and vulgar.

Exercise:While orbiting the sun,the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth.

Eg:The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes,namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight of the liquid it displaces,has many different versions,of which the following is one.

三．非谓语动词的翻译

非谓语动词：在句子中不充当谓语的动词，包括动词不定式，动词-ing和过去分词。

(not)to do sth.to be done.To be doing.to have done.To have been done.

having done,being done,having been done.Doing,done.

例题演练：

Eg:Granting the achievements to be great,we have no reason to be conceited.

Exercise:They rushed to the railway station,only to find that the last train had left just three minutes ago.

Exercise:Tom’s losing the gold watch made his parents angry.

Exercise:Seen from the window,the earth looks blue.

Exercise:For a moment she just stood there,unable to believe what had just happened.

Eg:Attracted by reports of great economic opportunities and religious and political freedom,immigrants from many countries flocked to the United States in increasing numbers,reaching a peak in the years1880-1914.

Eg：Many aspiring to be elected as the party candidate employ top public relations and advertising men,who invent clever catch phrases and set about“selling”their man.

Exercise:Last winter Stanford’s new e-commerce elective was the hottest thing on the business school,with28students using their single“silver bullet”to secure one of the66available spots.

Eg：Mortgage lender s gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay

them back,dividing the loans and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain,which took advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load more risky mortgage-based assets.

Exercise：Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as the defining feature of economic life.

eg：Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainanility-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.

Eg:They fear that it hurts their economies,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.

Exercise:A Google search can leak between0.2and0.7grams of CO2,depending on how many attempts are needed to get the“right”answer.

四．被动语态与比较结构的翻译

§被动语态的翻译：1）译为汉语的主动句，有时加上‘人们’、‘有人’、‘大家’、‘我们’做主语。2）译成被动句：可借助汉语中的‘由’、‘从’、‘把’、‘受（到）’、‘给’、‘被’‘为···所’‘加以，予以’。3）译成无主句。

例题演练：

Eg：Something has been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken. Exercise:Even when the pressure stays the same,great changes in air density are caused by changes in temperature.

Eg：Human breakdowns are ordinarily caused by problems that human beings themselves have created,

Eg：Communication satellites are used for international live transmission throughout the world.

Exercise：A messenger was dispatched to the destination o renew the relationship of the two nations.

Eg：The public schools are administered by local school boards----groups of people elected by the voters.Local funds for the schools come largely from property taxes paid by residents of the local school districts.

§比较结构的翻译

1)more A than B,less B than A,not so much B as A.与其硕士B，还不如说是A, Eg:Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a supposedly empty head.

2）no more···than,not any more than,和···一样都不，不比··更

Eg：The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach,for they are both controlled by the brain.

3）no less than简直是，多达。no less A than B不但B而且A。

Eg：It is no less than blackmail to ask such a price for a mere vase.

Eg:Socialist countries also put much more stress on evening out the distribution of wealth than does the united States.Many services such as health care,housing and vacation trips are provided at little direct cost to citizens.

Exercise:By far,the most vulnerable older persons are women,who are more likely than men to lack basic literacy and numerical skills,less likely to have paid work,and less likely to be eligible for pensions—where they are available.

Eg:A long-held view of the history of English colonies that became the United States has been that England’s policy toward these colonies before1763was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy,dominated by expansionist militarist objectives,generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution.

五．长难句翻译：

应对方法:去枝叶，留主干。先抓主干，找出复杂句中最核心的简单句，再层层扩展。

例题演练：

Eg：This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to glacial and interglacial periods，rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits.

Excercise:The Internet-and pressure from funding agencies,who are questioning why commercial publishes are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it-is making access to scientific results a reality.

Eg：To promote the reunification of the motherland we must find a proper means.2) So we suggest that the two Parties hold a talk on an equal footing and try for a third-time cooperation.3)The fact the mainland and Taiwan have adopted differ end ideologies and political systems should mot be allowed to stand to stand in the way of developing the relations between two sides of the Taiwan Straits and achieving the peaceful reunification.

Excercise:With new highways weaving their intricate webs above the city of Shanghai more and more skyscrapers emerge and push the skyline ever higher.2,3) Thousands of visitors pack the shops and malls of this shoppers’paradise and businessmen in smart designer suits discuss business over portable phones as they weave briskly through the crowds.

Eg:Few visitors to China will fail to notice the eagerness of the Chinese to learn English.2)In public parks there are special corners where English learners old and young gather at regular time to practise their spoken English.3)Foreign visitors are often besieged on streets by English learners who want to talk with them in English abut anything from weather to politics.4)English classes are mushrooming across the land.

Excercise:In his talk he tackled serious subjects like the reform of state-owned enterprises and the growing bureaucracy China’s commitment to her Asian neighbors and determination not to devalue her currency the need to clean up the environment or root out corruption.2)All the while people alternately nodded in approval or held their sides with laughter.

Eg:China has had many great leaders each seemingly custom-made for the occasion.3) It took Chairman Mao to end a century of foreign oppression and create a new China It took Deng Xiaoping the architect of the socialist market economy to lead the nation in her transition to maturity.4)China now enters a period of its fastest economic growth in this century.

Excercise:When we examine environmental problems in a global context the first thing that impresses us is the variety of concerns they evode.2,3)Whereas in the developed world the focus is on air and water pollution the energy shortage and chewing up of the rural areas by urban sprawl the concern of the developing countries will most likely center on malnutrition population growth insufficiency of water the lack of education and jobs.

Eg:However,given the worsening conditions in which children are being raised,given the breakdown of all our institutions as well as of our cultural norms,given our wholesale disinvestment in youth,our Nation faces the grim prospect of a future wave of juvenile violence that may make the coming years look like“the good old days.”

Excercise:At present a sweeping social and economic reform is being carried out in China.This remarkable transformation has turned a closed command economic system to a driving market-based economy lifting hundreds of millions of people from poverty and generating unprecedented economic growth.Per capita income has doubled.Most people are leading lives they could not have imagined just20years ago.

Eg:Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities—the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight.But these are，sadly，more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.

六、段落翻译

Eg：Record interest rates—high or low—are generally not a good thing.When they are super high,as they were in the early1980s,or super low as they are now, something is wrong somewhere.In the early1980s,the problem was inflation.Now the problem is the weak state of the jobs market in the U.S.and economic chaos in Europe—especially Greece and Spain,where crushing debt,high unemployment rates,and low productivity are threatening the banking systems.When investors are worried about the economy in or financial stability of their homeland s,they gather up their Euros and dollars and park them in the safest place they can find.That would be the U.S.Treasury market.

Eg：Likemany of his countrymen,he has never paid a rupee towards the cost of the dribble of electricity used by his wife and five children,who all live in a one-bedroom flat.Their building is illegally connected to the city's power grid by a metal hook attached to a nearby electricity line.

Every now and then officials from the Lahore Electric Supply Company (LESCO)launch a"crackdown".Officials phone ahead,giving everyone ample opportunity to removetheir hooks.They then go door-to-door collecting bribes, organised on a careful tariff basis.Households with just a fan pay$5.For slightly beefier"air coolers"the fee is$10and for the lucky few who can afford air conditioning the cost is$15.These charges are a fraction of LESCO's official tariff, but none of the money goes into the coffers of a collapsing electricity system anyway.

Eg：Pollution is a problem because man in an increasingly populated and industrialized world is upsetting the environment in which he lives.Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement.Now“growth”industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life.The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed

supply of air water and land.This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living,in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment.Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.

Eg：Many economists insisted that only a major restructuring of the world’s could resolve the problem.To avert the danger of major defaults and to restore security to the economic system Western bankers and governments will have to ensure that they are imposing reasonable repayment terms on developing countries terms that will not provoke revolution or chaos.They will have to lower interest requirements with some form of subsidy from the central banks if necessary.And they will have to strengthen the IMF as their ultimate safeguard.It is not enough for the IMF and the banks to provide a financial fire brigade moving from one debt crisis to another.The IMF must be given enough support to make longer—term loans in order to enable developing countries to revive their exports without enduring crippling hardships.Unless Western governments face up to this challenge they may face political catastrophes that will require far more costly intervention.

Eg:The lives of most men are determined by their environment.They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will.They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despise the motorcycle that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country.I respect them;they are good citizens good husbands and good fathers and of course somebody has to pay the taxes;but I don’t find them exciting.I am fascinated by the men few enough in all conscience who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking.It may be that we have no such thing as free will but at all events we gave the illusion of it.At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and the choice once made it is difficult to see that whole course of the world’s history obliged us to take the turning we did.

Eg:Sometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really counts in your career.Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener to be sensitive toward others’needs to take criticism well.People with skill in social relations admit their mistakes and take their share of blame which is a mature and responsible way to handle an error.That’s why many mediocre employees survive violent corporate upheavals while people of great talent are being laid off.Sensitive in their dealings with others they are well liked everywhere.People with poor interpersonal skills have trouble taking criticism.When confronted with a mistake they let their ego get in the way.They deny responsibility and became moody or angry. They mark themselves as“prickly”.