电子专业英语

Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs.

电荷是构成物质的原子的电气属性，其量纲为库仑。

The presence of equal number of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutrally charged.

质子和电子数量相同使得原子呈现电中性。

The voltage u ab between two points a and b in an electric circuit is the energy(or work) needed to move a unit charge from a to b.

电路中a、b两点中间电压u ab等于从a到b移动单位电荷所需能量。

In fig.1-6(b) the battery is absorbing 24w,as would the case when it is being charged.

图1-6中，电池就像充电情况，吸收功率24W。

It should be noted that an ideal voltage source(depended or independent) will produce any current required to ensure that the terminal voltage is as stated,whereas an ideal current source will produce the necessary voltage to ensure the stated current flow.

应该注意：一个理想电压源（独立或受控）可向电路提供任意电流以保证其端电压为规定值，而电流源可向电路提供任意电压以保证其规定电流。

Georg simon ohm, a german physicist, is credited with formulating the current-voltage relationship for a resistor based on experiments performed in 1826.

德国物理学家乔治西蒙欧姆，1826年通过实验提出了电阻的电流电压关系，为此而享誉世界。

Many materials, however, closely approximate an ideal linear resistor over a desired operating region.

不过，许多材料在规定的工作范围内非常接近理想线性电阻。

A different class of relationship occurs because of the restriction (限制，约束)that some specific type of network element places on the variables. Still another class of relationship is one between several variables of the same type which occurs as the result of the network configuration, i.e., the manner in which the various element of the network are interconnected.

一种不同类型的关系是由于网络元件的某种特定类型的连接对变量的约束。另一类关系由于网络结构，即网络的不同元件互相连接的方式所产生的相同形式的一些变量间的关系。These laws say nothing about the elements themselves.

这些定律不涉及元件本身特性。

Mesh analysis is not quite as general as nodal analysis because it is only applicable to a circuit that is planar.

由于网孔分析法仅适用于平面电路，故网孔分析法不像接点分析法那样通用。

Be 120 out of phase 相位相差120 delta-connected 三角形连接

On the other hand, delta-connected sources are not common in practice because of the circulating current that will result in the delta-mesh if the three-phase voltage are slightly unbalanced.

另一方面，如果三相电压稍有不平衡就会在三角形连接的网孔中产生循环电流，因此实际情况中三角形连接的电源并不常用。

This information might involve speech and music, as in radio broadcasting, a physical quantity such as the temperature of the air in a room, or numerical data, such as the record of stock market transactions.

这种信息或许像无线广播的演讲和音乐，或许是像室内温度的物理量，或许像股市交易记录的数字数据。

The other kind of signal is a digital signal. A digital signal is one that can take on values within

two discrete ranges. Such signals are used to represent ON-OFF or YES-NO information.

另一种信号时数字信号。数字信号是在两个离散范围内能够呈现一定数值的信号。这种信号常用以表示开—关或是—不是信息。

The practical switching devices have limited capabilities of rate of voltage transition and the rate of current steering. These nonabrupt transition rates give rise to power losses in the switching devices.

实际开关装置限制了电压变换速率和电流换向速率。非突变引起了开关装置的功率损失。The capacitor is assumed to be large so that the voltage through it in steady state is nearly constant U0. Assume that initially the switch is on, hence, the current through the switch is I S. The capacitor voltage is U0, the voltage across the switch is zero and the diode V1 is reverse biased.

假设电容器很大，致使在稳态状态下其两端的电压接近为常数U0。假使开关开始处于闭合状态，则通过开关的电流为I S。电容器的电压为U0，开关两端的电压为零，二极管V1反向偏置。

Switch-mode power supplies 开关电源

All converts use effective filtering on both the input and the output to reduce the AC components from going outside the converters.

所有的滤波器均对输入和输出采用有效的滤波，以减少从变换器输出的交流部分。

A prominent application of the Buck converter is a DC regulated power supply in which the output voltage is regulated against the variations in the load resistance and the input voltage.

降压式变换器的一个著名应用时用于直流可调电源，调整其输出电压以补偿负荷电阻和输入电压的变化。

DC-AC converter DC-AC 变换器

Analyses of DC-AC converter circuits at low and high frequencies are very similar except that high frequencies the parasitic capacitances, charge storage, and heat localizing problems in switching devices must be taken into account.

除在高频时必须考虑附加电容和电感、电荷储存及开关内的聚集问题外，低频和高频情况的逆变器的分析非常相似。

MOSFET metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor MOS场效应晶体管

IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor 绝缘栅双极型晶体管

Power transformer are constructed on one of two types of cores. One type of construction consists of a simple rectangular laminated piece of steel with the transformer windings wrapped around two sides of the rectangle.

电力变压器的铁芯分为两类。一类是由变压器绕组缠绕在一个简单的矩形港片叠成的铁芯两边而构成。

The second type of special transformer is a device designed to provide a secondary current much smaller than but directly proportional to its primary current.

第二类特种变压器时专门用以提供比一次侧电流小得多却正比于一次电流的二次电流。The magnetization current i m is a current proportional (in the unsaturated region ) to the voltage applied to the core, and lagging the applied voltage by 900,so it can be modeled by a reactance X m connected across the primary voltage source.

磁化电流i m正比于作用于铁芯的电压，并滞后该电压900，因此可以采用并联与初级电压源的电抗X m来建模。

A variation of the speed from the desired value, due to a charge of mechanical load on the shaft, can in no way cause a charge in the value of the applied armature voltage to maintain the desired

speed.

由于轴上机械负荷的变化，转速偏离期望值，无法引起所加点数电压的变化来维持期望转速。The nth-order differential equation describing the system can be converted into a set of n first-order differential equations, express in terms of the state variables, that can be written in matrix notation for simpler mathematical manipulation.

描述系统的n阶微分方程可转换成影装填变量表示的n个一阶微分方程组，它可写成矩阵形式便于数字处理。