现在完成时的被动语态 (学导练公开课)

【warming up】

现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“ have + been + 动词过去分词”。试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：

1. 主动句：He has repaired the machine for two hours. （他修理这台机器已有两小时了）

被动句：The machine has been repaired for two hours. （这台机器已修了两小时了）2. 主动句：The teacher has borrowed the books. （老师把那些书借走了）

被动句：The books have been borrowed by the teacher. （那些书被老师借走了）【本课重点】

一、现在完成时被动语态的构成

1．现在完成时被动语态的肯定式

由“have ／has ＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

Two windows have been broken．两个窗子被打破了。

2．现在完成时被动语态的否定式

由“have ／has ＋not＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

The car has not been repaired．这辆汽车还没有修好。

3．现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式

由“Have ／Has ＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

①─Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？

─Yes，it has．是的，完成了。

②─Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？

─No，they haven't．不，还没有。

4．现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式

由“疑问词＋have／has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？

Who has been helped by the new computer？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？

How many new words have been learned by the students？这些学生已经学会了多少单词？

二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法

1．表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。

例如：The door has been locked．门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）

2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for 或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long．．．？句型中。

例如：They have been told about it for many times．有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们）

How long has the machine been used？这机器使用有多久了？

三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题

1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 have ／has和been，两者缺一不可。2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态,如：happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。

3. 副词的位置：often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have / has 和been中间。

如何把主动语态变成被动语态？

1.把原句的宾语改为主语。

2.把原句的谓语动词改为被动语态结构( be + p.p.)。

3.把原句的主语改为by的宾语（用宾格）,可省略。

(4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。

主动：I have given him the key.

被动：He has been given the key.

被动：The key has been given (to) him.

(5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不动，改称主语补足语。

主动：I have asked her to help you.

被动：She has been asked to help you.

Grammar:The Present Perfect Passive V oice

Step 1 ：Lead in【导入激趣】

Step 2 ：Learning goals【学习目标】

1.现在完成时被动语态的结构、主要用法。

2.使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题。

3.现在完成时的主动语态变为被动语态的方法

Step 3 ：Learning guidance ①【学法指导】

Read the material quietly, and then finish the following task quickly and independently (安静地阅读材料，然后快速、独立地完成下面的任务）

Task 1 现在完成时被动语态的结构

1．肯定式：“＋＋动词的”构成。

2．否定式：“＋＋＋动词的”构成。3．一般疑问式：“Have ／Has ＋＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

4．特殊疑问式：“＋have／has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

Task 2 现在完成时被动语态的主要用法（什么地方需要用现在完成时的被动语态）

1．表示的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对造成的影响和结果。2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于，持续到现在，并可能将下去，常与或引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long．．．？为开头的特殊疑问句型中。

Step 4 ：Learning guidance ②【学法指导】

分析句子，总结现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题

1.试分析

1)[误] Many new buildings been built since 2000．

[正] Many new buildings have been built since 2000．

所以，现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词，即和，两者缺一不可。

试分析：

2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态

试分析：

1）[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.

[正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.

2)[误] Something bad has been happened to him．

[正] Something bad has happened to him.

take place vi.发生happen vi.发生，碰巧，偶然遇到

所以，,如：happen, take place, break out, belong to, last等动词或词组无被动语态。

3.现在完成时的被动语态中副词的位置：

试分析：

[误] Such a man has been hardly believed.

[正] Such a man has hardly been believed.

所以，often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于和中间。

Step 5 ：Learning guidance ③【学法指导】

Task 1 阅读材料2完成下面练习

1. We have planted some trees around the lake.

2. My father has locked the door.

3. Someone has turned off the light.

Step 6 Testing【当堂检测】

一、Complete the sentences with the words proper forms.（用括号里动词的适当形式填空）

1. You can see the house __________________ (not paint) for years.

2. It is said that the house ___________________ (break into) by two thieves(小偷).

3. _____ his views _____________ (criticize)by them?

4. Where ___ the television _____________ (repair) ?

二、Turn the following sentences into the Passive V oice.

1. They have rebuilt the bridge.

2. He has taken away tow pens.

Step 7 Homework

新坐标46页——完成句子

现在完成时专项练习及答案

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