小区供热系统的设计说明书

摘要

本次毕业设计的课题为城小区的供暖系统，包括供热外网和换热站的设计。该小区包括住宅楼与商业用楼，总建筑面积为105410m2，热用户计算热负荷为4849kW。小区换热站以城市供热管网130/70℃的水为热媒，用地板辐射采暖，采暖供回水温度为55/45℃。首先，根据设计题目搜集资料，确定供热系统的相关方案。包括集中供热系统的选择、枝状管网的确定、热负荷的计算、热媒的选择及其参数的确定。然后，进行小区供热外网的设计。包括管道的敷设、管网中固定支架、阀门井、补偿器等附件的位置与数量的确定，管道的保温，管网的水力计算。通过水力计算确定管网的管径以及压力损失，并进行不平衡率的计算，尽量使每段管线都能达到水力平衡。接着，确定换热站系统流程；对换热器、循环水泵、定压水泵等主要设备进行选型计算；合理布置所有的设备以及它们之间的管道。同样，还要对换热站部进行水力计算以求得各种管路的管径。最后，根据设计的供暖系统的特点提出合理有效的运行调节方法，利用自控装置，将整个供热系统设计成为根据用户需要变质量流量运行的智能系统。

关键词：供热外网；换热站；水力计算；运行调节

Abstract

This is a heating system design about one district in Bao Ji, which includes outdoor heating pipe network and heat transfer station. The district contents residence building and business building, the total constructiong area is about 105410 m2and heat load is about 4849kW. In the heating system, the heat transfer station which takes 130/70℃high temperature heat medium as high temperature heat medium and 55/45 ℃water circulating water as heat-supplying-medium. Firstly, needing to collect some information basis the design subject, and confirming the correlation scheme about the heating system. It contents the option of the concentrate heating system, the confirming of branch pipeline network, the calculate of the heating system, the choosing of heat medium and its parameter. Secondly, putting up the design about the outdoor heating pipe network. It contents the laying of pipe, defining the position and number of the accessories such as fixed supports, valve wells and compensators, the defining of the pipeline, the hydraulic computation of the pipeline . Through the hydraulic computation, we can confirm the diameter of the pipling and the pressure lossing, computing the hydraulic unbalance rate in order to make the hydraulic balance on every pipling. Then, the process of heating medium flow is determined. After the type of heat exchanger, water circulating pumps and make-up water pumps are chosen; they and the pipelines among them are arranged rationally. Also, the hydraulic computation of internal heat transfer station shouid be workouted to meet the need of every pipling. Finally, according to the characteristic of the heating system, a reasonable and effective operation and regulation method should be proposed.

Keywords: outdoor heating pipe network; heat transfer station; hydraulic calculation; operation and regulation

前言......................................................................... (4)

第一章原始资料 (5)

1.1工程概况 (5)

1.2原始资料 (5)

1.2.1气象资料 (5)

1.2.2建筑资料资料 (5)

1.2.3燃料资料....................................................................... .. (5)

1.2.4水质资料....................................................................... .. (6)

第二章集中供热系统的热负荷 (7)

2.1集中供热热负荷的特征 (7)

2.2集中供热热负荷的计算 (7)

2.3集中供热系统热媒的选择 (10)

2.4集中供热系统热媒参数的确定 (10)

2.5热网系统型式的确定 (11)

第三章室外管网的设计 (12)

3.1外网管道布置原则 (12)

3.2外网管道敷设方式 (13)

3.3供热管道及其附件 (15)

3.3.1供热管道 (15)

3.3.2阀门 (17)

3.3.3管道的放气与排水 (19)

3.4补偿器 (20)

3.4.1补偿器的特性及计算 (20)

3.4.2补偿器的分类和型号选择 (21)

3.5支架 (22)

第四章外网水力计算 (25)

4.1水力计算的主要任务 (25)

4.2水力计算的基本原则 (25)

4.3水力计算方法及步骤 (25)

4.4管路水力计算举例....................................................................... (26)

第五章换热站的设计 (34)

5.1设计题目 (34)

5.2原始资料 (34)

5.3换热站概述 (35)

5.4换热站设计原则 (35)

5.5换热站的布置原则 (36)

5.6设计方案 (36)

5.6.1换热站设计方案 (37)

5.6.2采暖热水供回水系统 (37)

5.6.3补水定压系统 (37)

5.7设备的选择与计算 (38)

5.7.1换热器 (38)

5.7.2循环水泵 (39)

5.7.3补水泵 (41)

5.7.4补水箱的选型 (44)

5.7.5水处理设备的选型 (45)

5.7.6分集水器的选型 (47)

5.7.7除污器的选型 (48)

5.8换热站部水力计算 (50)

第六章供热系统运行调节 (53)

6.1供热系统的初调节 (53)

6.2供热系统的运行调节 (54)

第七章供热管道的保温与防腐 (58)

7.1供热管道的保温 (58)

7.2供热管道的防腐 (59)

参考文献 (61)

致 (62)