外交学院博士研究生入学考试英语样题试题-新祥旭考研考博辅导

外交学院博士研究生入学考试英语样题

This examination paper consists of 3 parts:

Part I tests your mastery of basic English;

Part II tests your ability to understand English in context;

Part III tests your reading comprehension; and

Part IV tests your ability to translate.

Total Points: 100

Part I: Basic English (35%)

Section A (20%)

Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.

1 The financial tsunami is _____ major concern of _____society.

[A] the, the [B] a, /

[C] a, the [D] /, the

2 The first thing one should lear n at college is to study on his own. It’s time you _____ able to manage your time.

[A] could be [B] be

[C] were [D] are

3 If the United States had built more homes for poor people in 1955, the housing problems now in some parts of this country _____ so serious.

[A] wouldn’t be[B] will not have been

[C] wouldn’t have been [D] would have not been

4 The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, ________ by the police each time.

[A] had been captured [B] being always captured

[C] only to be captured [D] unfortunately captured

5 Jane is ________ of the two sisters.

[A] a more diligent [B] the most diligent

[C] the more diligent [D] more diligent

6 ______ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy.

[A] Looking [B] Looked

[C] Having looked [D] To look

7 He told me only part of the story ______.

[A] so that was it [B] so that was this

[C] and that was so [D] and that was what

8 Tom is unfortunately devoid ______ a sense of humor.

[A] with [B] of

[C] to [D] from

9 Before the eruption of the volcano, quite a few people noticed the _____ of the mountaintop.

[A] bulging [B] sticking

[C] protruding [D] prompting

10 Many people thought that he was poor because everything he wore seemed to have seen better days, but he was actually a(n) _____ millionaire.

[A] weird [B] queer

[C] unusual [D] eccentric

11-40（略）

Section B (15%)

Directions: You will find that in each sentence a word/phrase is underlined. Below each sentence you will find four other words or phrases. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.

41 Her brief, elliptical poems, most written in the 1850s and 1860s, sorely discomfited some but greatly delighted others.

[A] annoyed [B] flabbergasted

[C] disappointed [D] overjoyed

42 The new mall has been an economic fiasco.

[A] disaster [B] hit

[C] nuisance [D] nuance

43 What yo u see in movies doesn’t always jibe with reality.

[A] match with [B] reflect

[C] come to [D] stack

44 He was neither pallid nor flabby, prison had not marked him in the ways she expected.

[A] fat [B] depressed

[C] outraged [D] weak

45 Besides, the real factory, which is about five miles away, had been besieged by visitors for years.

[A] surrounded by [B] beamed with

[C] teeming with [D] cinched by

46 As a keen writer and avid newspaper reader, Jenny had always wanted to be a journalist.

[A] prolific [B] keen

[C] dandified [D] seamy

47-55（略）

Part II: Cloze (10%)

Directions: In this part, you will read a passage with ten blanks and fill in the blanks with words or phrases given. Choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D for each blank and then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.

The article refers to genetically modified fish. In the UK, and Europe, there has been a strong reaction against genetically modified(GM) crops: people are frightened of them, and do not trust scientific reports that they are harmless. Here is an extract from a report by the UK Food and Drink Federation.

What about a moratorium on research?

Some people in the UK and elsewhere are frightened of genetically modified crops; they argue that ___56___ with nature can have unpredictable consequences. So much has been written about the ____57____ risks of GM technology that there have been many calls for a “moratorium”on further research. Among those calling for a moratorium, different people have different views, as to what should be stopped. Some want all tests, even those in the ____58___, to be halted. Others want only to delay wider-scale growth of GM crops for commercial use.

Supporters of GM technology point out that some ____59____ results are to be expected in laboratory experiments. The whole point of research is to carry out such experiments in the ___60__ of the laboratory and, learning from results, establish procedures and systems to minimize risks in the field. Thereafter, it is only through field trials, and the larger-scale farm trials, that the safety or otherwise of the technology can be ____61___.

Globally, by October 1999, 25,000 field trials of GM crops had been carried out with no __62___ adverse consequences. Supporters of GM technology argue that a moratorium on testing in the UK would mean that the country would fall behind in developing technology that is used elsewhere in the world. Others take the view that our ___63____ environment is too precious to be put at risk, however ___64___ the risk may be. They point out the dangers of cross-pollination between crops that are GM and those that are not; when this happens, genetically modified crops find their way into ___65____.

56 [A] interfering [B] damaging

[C] tempering [D] adjusting

57 [A] perceptible [B] observed

[C] perceived [D] noticeable

58 [A] field [B] farms

[C] open [D] laboratory

59 [A] outside [B] fortunate

[C] adverse [D] adversary

60 [A] realm [B] confines

[C] boundaries [D] borders

61 [A] resolved [B] determined

[C] depended [D] devised

62 [A] important [B] noticeable

[C] signify [D] significant

63 [A] virtuous [B] vulnerable

[C] defective [D] balanced

64 [A] likely [B] unlikely

[C] remote [D] unusual

65 [A] food-chain [B] food-crops

[C] food-supply [D] food-store

Part III: Reading Comprehension (25%)

Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.

Passage One

Questions 66 to 70 are based on this passage.

Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.

The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture---one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some c ases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.

The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.

Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.

66 According to the passage, which of the following is true?

[A] All international managers can learn culture.

[B] Business diversity is not necessary.

[C] Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.

[D] Most people do not know foreign culture well.

67 According to the author, the model of Pepsi_______

[A] is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around.

[B] is different from the model of McDonald's.

[C] shows the reverse of globalization.

[D] has converged cultural differences.

68 The two schools of thought ______.

[A] both purpose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures

[B] both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries

[C] admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world

[D] both A and B

69 This article is supposed to be most useful for those _____.

[A] who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity

[B] who have connections to more than one type of culture

[C] who want to travel abroad

[D] who want to run business on International Scale

70 According to Fortune, successful international companies______.

[A] earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas

[B] all have the quality of patience

[C] will follow the overseas local cultures

[D] adopt the policy of internationalization

Passage Two

Questions 71 to 75 are based on this passage.

In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence—as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.

The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.

Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must app reciate each other’s problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,” the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.” It’s rath er like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,” the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.” Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.

71 What is the best title for this passage?

[A] Advocating Violence

[B] Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice

[C] Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution

[D] The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence

72 Recorded history has taught us ______.

[A] violence never solves anything

[B] nothing

[C] the bloodshed means nothing

[D] everything

73 It can be inferred that truly reasonable men ______.

[A] can’t get a hearing

[B] are looked down upon

[C] are persecuted

[D] have difficulty in advocating law enforcement

74 “He was none the wiser” means ______.

[A] he was not at all wise in listening

[B] he was not at all wiser than nothing before

[C] he gains nothing after listening

[D] he makes no sense of the argument

75 According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is ______.

[A] law enforcement

[B] knowledge

[C] nonviolence

[D] mopping up the violent mess

76-90（略）

Part IV: Translation (30%)

Section A

Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. (15%)

As a symbol of the extraordinary boom of the past decade, the rise of the big emerging economies rivalled the soaring US housing market.

China led the way, followed at a slower pace by the likes of India and Brazil. But though they tried to insulate themselves against the boom-bust cycle by building up foreign exchange reserves, no amount of inoculation could render them completely immune to the virulence of the financial contagion that swept the world in September and October.

In early November Beijing announced a Rmb4,000bn ($584bn) fiscal stimulus plan—a "shock and awe" manoeuvre that revealed just how concerned the government was.

As for Brazil, a country traditionally susceptible to capital market crises has shown some resilience. But the coming slowdown, even if it does not qualify as a recession, appears certain to feel like one.

For the moment, most of the big emerging markets are facing a severe drama rather than a full crisis. But their cushions of foreign exchange reserves have not been enough to insulate them from this year's extraordinary global economic dislocation.

Section B

Translate the following paragraph into English. (15%)

从二十世纪六十年代开始，一些新权利也同样在非经济领域得到了拓展。但是，反对者担心如果这些新权力应用得过多，他们会最终损害到美国的社会秩序。例如，从二十世纪六十年代开始，囚犯的权利增加了。反对者认为，如果囚犯的权利过多，监狱的管理就会变得非常困难。另一个例子是恐怖分子的权利问题。有些美国人认为，那些代表国际恐怖组织利益、试图损害和摧毁美国的人应该同普通罪犯一样，拥有接受公正审判的权利。反对者则提出，如果每个恐怖分子都拥有上述权利，就谈不上保护国家免受恐怖组织的威胁了。比方说，由于恐怖分子嫌疑人数量巨大，不可能让每个嫌疑人都获得正常的审判，由陪审团审理并由法院提供辩护律师。也正因如此，反对者们认为应将恐怖分子嫌疑人作为“敌方参战人员”来对待，并给与军事审判。

-----THE END---