高中英语语法 冠词讲解及练习

冠词用法

一. 不定冠词的用法

1. 表泛指，表首次提到的、不限定的人或物。

There is a book on the desk.

2. a/an+ 单数n.表类别，指一类人或事物。

A horse is a useful animal.

3.表one, a certain, every, the same

I’ll return in a day or two.

A Mr. White is waiting for you downstairs.

The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day.

They are nearly of an age.

4.用在抽象名词前，a + 抽象名词，即抽象名词具体化。如：

This little girl is a joy to her parents.

It is a pleasure to talk with you.

It is an honour to me to attend the meeting.

a surprise/success/failure

5.与物质名词连用，表示“一种，一阵、一份”。

What a heavy rain!

What a good supper!

Please give me a black coffee!

6. 在同位语中，常用a/an+ n.（one）

Mike and Lucy, a newly married couple, had a happy honeymoon in Paris.

7. 用在某些固定词组中.

after a while 过了一会儿all of a sudden 突然as a rule 通常as a result 结果，因此as a matter of fact 事实上as a whole 大体上at a loss 不知所措in a hurry 急忙

in a way 在某种程度上in a word 总而言之put an end to… 结束…come to an end 结束come to a conclusion 得出结论have a good time 玩得愉快have a rest 休息一下have a cold 感冒have a word with 和…谈一谈make a living 谋生make a fire 生火make a fool of 愚弄take a walk

a knowledge of, a understanding of, a collection of

8. 不定冠词的特殊位置

1）as/so/too/how/however+ adj.+ a/an+单数n.

So short a time.

Too long a distance.

2) what/such/half+ a/an+单数n.

I have never seen such an animal.

二. 定冠词的用法

1.表特指的人或物

Look at the blackboard.

There is a book on the desk. The book is an English book.

2. the+单数n.表类别

The horse is a useful animal.

3. 表世界上独一无二的事物，但若此类名词前有修饰成分，也可用a/an

the sun, the earth, the moon, the sky, the universe

a full moon

but: in nature, in space, in society, in history

4. 用在普通名词构成的专有名词前以及江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛的名词前。

the United States, the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the Rocky Mountains,

5. 用在序数词、形容词最高级、only, very, same前。

the second story, the largest room, the third longest river

但：1）a/an+序数词表“又一，再一”；the+序数词表排序“第一，第二…..”

Would you give me a second chance?

2) a most +adj.最高级:very, the most +adj.最高级表“最….”

a most beautiful picture= a very beautiful picture

6. 用在方位名词前

on the left, in the east / west

7. 用在形容词或分词前表示一类人,作主语谓语用复数。

the poor / rich / dying / young / living / wounded

8. 表“按…计算”

by the yard/the dozen/the month/the day/the week/ton

但：by size by time by weight

9. 在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。

The Smiths are sitting at the breakfast table

10. 西洋乐器名词前

Do you like to play the piano or the violin?

11. 在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词

The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.

12. 年代，朝代前

In the 1870’s/1870s, the Tang Dynasty

13. 动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位

He hit him in the face.

beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head

14. the+比较级表两者中“较….的”，a+比较级表“一个更…..的”

He is the taller of the two boys.

I don’t like the bike. I want a better one.

15. 用在一些习惯用语中。如：

all the same 仍然all the time 一直all the year round 一年到头at the age of 在……岁时at the beginning of 起初; 开始at the end of 在……的尽头/末尾

16. 定冠词位置

定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在exactly, just, all, both，double，half，twice等词之后，名词之前。

All the students in the class went out.班里的所有学生都出去了

三. 不用冠词的情况(零冠词)

1. 专有名词前

China , America, John,

2. 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格限制时

This book is mine.

3. 季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐名称前

spring, summer, autumn / fall, winter, Sunday, October, National Day

but: in the spring of that year,

I met him on a Monday last month.

We had a wonderful supper.

4. 称呼语，表示头衔的名词作表语、补足语及同位语时