中国石油大学期末考试英语作文和毛邓答题

中国石油大学期末考试英语作文和毛邓答题
中国石油大学期末考试英语作文和毛邓答题

1.如何正确理解马克思主义中国化的科学内涵?p5

1)马克思主义中国化就是运用马克思主义解决中国革命、建设和改革的实际问题。即运用

马克思主义世界观、价值观和方法论,研究和回答中国的具体实际问题。

2)马克思主义中国化就是把中国革命、建设和改革的实践经验和历史经验提升为理论。即

把产生于无产阶级革命时代的马克思主义运用于社会主义革命、建设和改革的不同时代,使之成为中国的马克思主义。

3)马克思主义中国化就是把马克思主义植根于中国的优秀文化之中。这也就是毛泽东强调

的要使马克思主义“和民族的特点相结合,经过一定的民族形式”表现出来。

概括地说,马克思主义中国化就是用马克思主义来解决中国的问题,同时又使中国丰富的实践经验上升为理论,并且同中国的历史传统、中国的优秀文化相结合,以形成具有中国特性、中国作风和中国气派的中国化的马克思主义理论。

2.新民主主义革命总路线的主要内容是什么?p33-35 (二)1.2.

3.4

a)新民主主义革命的对象。

近代中国社会的性质和主要矛盾决定了中国革命的主要敌人就是帝国主义、封建主义和官僚资本主义。帝国主义是中国革命的首要对象,直接阻碍中国经济发展和社会进步,是中国人民第一个和最凶恶的敌人。封建地主阶级的政治统治是中国经济现代化和政治民主化的主要障碍。官僚资产阶级阻碍社会的发展,是极端反动的阶级,是民族民主革命的主要对象。

b)新民主主义革命的动力。

动力:工人阶级、农民阶级、城市小资产阶级和民族资产阶级,而根本的动力是工人和农民。

c)新民主主义革命的领导权。

无产阶级领导权是中国革命的中心问题,也是新民主主义革命理论的核心问题。

A、坚持无产阶级领导权的依据。

B、无产阶级及其政党实现对各革命阶级的领导必须建立以工农联盟为基础的广泛的

统一战线。

d)新民主主义革命的性质和前途。

A、近代中国半殖民地半封建社会的性质和中国革命的历史任务决定了中国革命的性质

不是无产阶级社会主义革命,而是资产阶级民主主义革命。但是,中国革命已不是旧式的、一般的资产阶级民主主义革命,而是新的民主主义革命。

B、革命前途:新民主主义革命是在完成民主革命任务后,还要进入社会主义社会。

3、新民主主义基本纲领的主要内容是什么?p36-37 二、1.2.3

A、新民主主义的政治纲领

是指新民主主义国家的阶级性质和政权组织形式,其基本内容是推翻帝国主义和封建主义的统治,建立一个无产阶级领导的、以工农联盟为基础的、各革命阶级联合专政的新民主主义的共和国。

B、新民主主义的经济纲领

主要内容是没收封建地主阶级的土地归农民所有,没收官僚资产阶级的垄断资本归新民主主义国家所有,保护民族工商业。

C、新民主主义的文化纲领

新民主主义的文化纲领就是无产阶级领导的人民大众的反帝反封建的文化,即名

族的科学的大众的文化。在新民主主义文化中居于指导地位的是共产主义思想。

4、怎样全面、准确地把握邓小平关于社会主义本质的论断?

p62-66 (一)、最后总结;(二)、1.2.3. 二、社会主义本质理论的重要意义

邓小平关于社会主义本质理论的论断就是:“社会主义的本质,是解放生产力,发展生产力,消灭剥削,消除两极分化,最终达到共同富裕。”

1、把解放和发展生产力纳入社会主义的本质

2、不仅讲发展生产力,而且讲解放生产力

3、突出强调消灭剥削,消除两极分化,最终达到共同富裕。

邓小平坚持科学社会主义理论和实践的基本成果,抓住了“什么是社会主义,怎样建设社会主义”这个根本问题,深刻揭示了社会主义本质,这是对马克思主义的重大发展,对于建设中国特色社会主义具有重大的理论和实践意义。

第一,社会主义本质理论把对社会主义的认识提高到一个新水平。社会主义本质理论的提出,把我们对社会主义的认识从主要强调公有制、按劳分配等基本特征,

进一步深入到实现共同富裕这个建设社会主义的根本目的和目标。

第二,社会主义本质理论为探索怎样建设社会主义开辟了广阔的前景。

邓小平对社会主义本质所作的理论概况,对科学社会主义理论既是坚持喝继

承,又是发展和创新,为我们真正搞清楚什么是社会主义、怎样建设和发展

社会主义这个问题,并在实践中创造出充满活力的社会主义奠定了科学的思

想基础。

5、试述我国分三步走基本实现现代化的经济社会发展战略。P83 3.4

第一步,从1981年到1990年实现国民生产总值比1980年翻一番,解决人民的温饱问题;

第二步,从1991年到20世纪末,使国民生产总值再翻一番,达到小康水平。

第三步,到21世纪中叶,国民生产总值再翻两番,达到中等发达国家水平,基本实现现代化。

然后,在这个基础上继续前进。

我国在提前实现了“三步走”战略的第一步和第二步战略目标之后,为了把第二步战略和第三步战略很好地衔接起来,根据邓小平关于分阶段、有步骤实现我国现代化的战略思想,在党的十五大上把第三步战略目标进一步具体化,提出了三个阶段性目标:21世纪第一个10年,实现国民生产总值比2000年翻一番,使人民的小康生活更加富裕,形成比较完善的社会主义市场经济体制;再经过10年的努力,到建党100周年时,使国民经济更加发展,各项制度更加完善;到21世纪中叶新中国成立100周年时,基本实现现代化,建成富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。这使得“三步走”的战略和步骤更加具体明确。

6、怎样全面认识中国的社会主义改革?p89 1.3.4

1、改革是在坚持社会主义基本制度的前提下,调整、变革生产关系和上层建筑中不适应生产力发展的环节和方面,以促进生产力的发展和社会的全面进步。一句话,是社会主义制度的自我完善和发展。

2、改革是社会主义制度的自我完善和发展

1)关于改革的对象。改革的对象是我国现行的一些具体体制,而不是改变社会主义的根本

制度。

2)关于改革的原则。所有的改革都是为了一个目的,就是扫除发展社会生产力的障碍。

3)关于改革的原则。改革必须坚持社会主义方向。

4)关于改革的方法。改革要有秩序、有领导地进行,改革要在各方面的相互协调中进行,

各方面的改革要配套进行等。

3、改革是一场“革命性变革”

改革是解放生产力,是一场新的革命。它不是原有经济体制的细枝末节的修补,而是对原有经济体制的根本性变革。它的实质和目标是要从根本上改变束缚我国生产力发展的经济体制,建立充满生机和活力的社会主义新经济体制,同时相应地改革政治体制和其他方面的体制,以实现中国的社会主义现代化。

7、社会主义市场经济的基本特征是什么?p99

社会主义市场经济除了具有市场经济的一般性以外,还具有自己的特性,表现为:

(1)在所有制结构上,以公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展。

(2)在分配制度上,坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的制度。

(3)在宏观调控上,能够把人民的当前利益与长远利益、局部利益和整体利益结合起来,更好地发挥计划和市场两种手段的长处。

作为资源配置的基础性方式和手段,社会主义市场经济具有市场经济内在的经济属

性,反映了现代市场经济的一般规定性,具有以下特征:

(1)以市场为基础性配置手段。

(2)独立的企业制度。

(3)市场经济规律起着支配作用,所有的经济活动都按价值规律运行。

(4)经济手段是政府的主要调控手段。

(5)法治起着基本的保障作用。

8、社会主义初级阶段基本经济在制度是什么?为什么实行这样的经济制度?p100 一、

社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度问题实质上是所有制问题。生产关系的形式要适应生产力的状况,这是历史唯物主义的基本结论。

所有制是生产关系的基础,必须要适应生产力发展的客观要求。我国在社会主义制度建立以后的很长一段时间内,在所有制结构上重全民,轻集体,排挤个体,消灭私营,急于过度,盲目求纯,力求建立单一的公有制结构,公有制经济几乎是一统天下。实践证明,这种单一的所有制结构不符合我国的生产力状况,亚种阻碍了生产力的发展。

公有制为主体、多种所有制经济的共同发展,是我国社会主义初级阶段的一项基本经济制度。同时指出,非公有制经济是我国社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。

公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展这一基本经济制度的确立,是由我国的社会主义性质和初级阶段的基本国情这两个方面决定的。主要原因有三个方面:

1)我国是社会主义国家,必须坚持公有制为主体。

2)我国还处在社会主义的初级阶段,需要在公有制为主体的条件下发展多种所有制经济。

3)一切符合“三个有利于”的所有制形式都可以而且应该用来为社会主义服务。

9、如何正确理解社会主义社会的民主、自由和人权?p126-127 (一)、(二)、(三)

1)民主是一种国家制度,又是一种民主意识,是制度与意识的统一。国家制度是指按照“多数人”的意志,通过预定的程序和决策方式,对国家和社会进行管理。民主意识是指对于这种民主制度的认可和把握,对于参与国家和社会管理的自觉要求和觉悟。作为一种国家制度,作为上层建筑,民主的本质是由经济基础决定的。

2)自由有两个含义:一个是政治上的自由,主要是指公民在政治上应该享有的自由权利;一个是哲学上的自由,主要是指对于客观规律的认识并用来对客观世界进行改造。前者是权利,后者是素质和能力。

3)公民在政治上应该享受的自由和民主权利一般被称作人权。自由和人权的关系是:自由以人权为载体,人权以自由为内容。这是一个问题的两个方面。这里所说的人权,是公民的人权。

公民权利的实现和发展都要通过国家政权、依赖国家政权,没有国家独立和民族自决的权利,公民的人权就没有保障。

10、我国政治体制改革必须坚持的原则有哪些?p125(二)

推进政治体制改革必须坚持四项基本原则,反对资产阶级自由化,绝不能搞西方式的多党轮流执政、两院制、三权鼎立,决不能搞指导思想的多元化。

推进政治体制改革,必须从我国国情出发,既要态度积极,又要步子稳妥。推进政治体制改革不能照搬西方政治模式,但并不意味着不能和不需要批判地吸收和借鉴政治文明的积极成果。资本主义民主政治是在反对封建专制的过程中产生的,是一种历史进步,其中包含了人类社会共同的文明成果。因此,它的观念、形式和方法有我们可以吸收借鉴的地方,但吸收和借鉴是有分析、有批判的,不能简单模仿、全盘照搬。

55.Advantages and Disadvantages of the Mobile Phone(手机的利与弊).

2. Cell phones do play an important role in people’s daily life, but every coin has its two sides.

A mobile phone has many advantages. First, calls can be made quickly from almost any place. Second, it is very convenient for social or business purposes. Third, a mobile phone can also serve as a connection to the Internet.

However, the disadvantages of a mobile phone are also obvious. For one thing, that a person can be contacted at any time it is a disadvantage. For another, using the mobile phone frequently will do harm to people’s health. A further disadvantage is that it makes noises in the classroom, during the meeting or at the theatre.

In my opinion, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. As long as we use it properly, it will do

a lot of good to us.

62. Bad Manners in Public(公共场所的不良举止)

2. Bad manners in public include making noise, throwing wastes everywhere, breaking traffic laws and so on. We should try to avoid bad manners in public.

Among all the bad manners, I hate breaking traffic laws most. I have two reasons to say. The first reason is that breaking traffic laws may cause traffic accidents. According to a government report, 10 million people are killed in traffic accidents of this kind. The second reason: breaking traffic laws will set a bad example for young people. If you often break traffic laws, your children may also do this.

So you see, it is really important for us to keep traffic laws and avoid bad manners

37. My view of the country life and town life(乡村生活和城市生活)/ Where to live(住在哪里)范文2.When I am asked about my view of the country life and town life, I will prefer the country life.

As we know, there is a big difference between town life and country life. In the country, everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others.

In a large town, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in town are often very lonely. This is because people are busy working at daytime and go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. One is sorry for old people living on their own. They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months.

中国石油大学(北京)英语1-3次在线作业答案

第一次作业 第1题 – hello. may i speak to mary? -- _________ 您的答案:B 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.5 批注:电话用语,常直接说,speaking,意思是我就是,您请讲。 第2题 – Can I talk with Mr. Wang? --___________ 您的答案:A 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.5 批注:打电话常用语。 第3题 –I’d like to speak to Jessie, please. --___________ 您的答案:C 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.5 批注:打电话常用语。hold on 意思是请别挂断,稍等。 第4题 She wanted to go boating with Jack, but her father warned her ________. 您的答案:C 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.5 批注:warn一词要求后用不定式,warn sb. to do sth.劝某人做某事,否定形 式为warn sb. not to do sth. 劝某人不要做某事 第5题 Her English is very good. She can speak English better than _________ in her grade. 您的答案:C 题目分数:0.5

批注:anyone else 其他任何人 第6题 They usually have less money at the end of the month than _______ at the beginning. 您的答案:C 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.5 批注:注意比较的对象,是他们有钱的情况 第7题 Iron expands when____ . 您的答案:C 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.5 批注:当when 引导的时间状语中的主语与句子的主语一致时,主语和be动词都 可以省略。Iron expands when it is heated. 第8题 All the people here, whether ______, will get a present. 您的答案:B 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.5 批注:wheather...or... 的用法 第9题 If you_________, I’ll buy the tickets. 您的答案:A 题目分数:0.5 此题得分:0.5 批注:从句意来判断 第10题 This is one of the oldest buildings in town, ___________. 您的答案:A

初中英语作文:中国的教育Chinese Education

初中英语作文:中国的教育Chinese Education Different countries have different teaching aims and teaching ways. It’s well-known that Chinese education is exam-oriented education in the past. Obviously, exam-oriented education has some disadvantages, like the disconnection between theory and practice that renders students with high scores have low abilities. So, our country decide to change exam-oriented education to quality education. Quality education is focus on the development in an all-around way. Under this kind of education system, students will study easier and get improvement for all sides. 不同的国家有不同的教学目标和教学方法。众所周知,过去中国的教育是应试教育。显然,应试教育存在一些弊端,如理论

和实际脱节,使学生高分低能。因此,我国决定把应试教育转向素质教育。素质教育是以全面发展为重点。在这样的教育体制下,学生学习将会更轻松,方方面面都会得到提高。

英语作文“我的中国梦”加翻译

My China dream As we all know, everyone has a dream, every Chinese has a Chinese dream. I have a Chinese dream, too. I am a student in a middle school. My Chinese dream is to inherit on the generation of their dedication, make our motherland more powerful, more and more people rich. At the same time, let the next generation a better condition to realize their dream of china. Before we state the poor and weak, suffering from bullying, when every Chinese people want to own a powerful motherland, the motherland strong, can we live a happy life? Make our country strong, let the Chinese people stand up, this is our pursuit of the last generation Chinese dream! After a struggle, a generation of people's dream has been fulfilled, have a look have a look around us, with a smile of you. As a generation of people dream of witness, I feel honored, also feel a heavy responsibility, they put more dreams give us, today, we will the Chinese dream continue. Our motherland is strong, the people rich. We have no reason to do better than the last generation difference. I will insist, hard, don't give up, even if the way in the pursuit of a dream continues to receive serious rebuff, stumble, I will climb up, continue to go forward. We have to unite, work hard. A regular, but it is also true of middle school students, we should do their own work. Before university, almost all learning is in laying the foundation for the future. Perhaps what fractional equation, geometric, appreciation of the interpretation of sentences, etc. in the future will not be used, but this is not certain to be used. Math training our thinking, Chinese and English to improve our expression, without these how to realize our dream of China? Although today we don't need to go through the baptism of fire, but we have a responsibility to carry forward the national spirit, the strength of its own for all contribute to the motherland. Inheritance of a generation of Chinese dream, to the next generation of Chinese dream, this is my China dream! Thousands on thousands of high school students dream will collect a great Chinese dream, this is our Chinese dream. When the thousands on thousands of parents to live a good life, thousands on thousands of students to become the pillars of our nation, we have no reason not to realize the Chinese dream! I know, although I am not a genius intellect, no extraordinary talent, but I have a heart of gold. Many people think that cannot realize the dream is the slogan, sometimes dream existence value lies not in whether it can achieve, but in the process of quest. My China dream built on our growing prosperity and development of culture, to the motherland as the basis, therefore I feel proud and proud. I, a student of new times, I am proud of my Chinese dream, proud of our motherland. People together can make one person alone cannot make career; wisdom, hands, in combination with the power, is almost universal. "I t is not afraid of hard, attacking the book don’t afraid of difficulties. Science has dangers, fighting hard to pass." I took it as my motto. We all have our own dreams, a man without a dream is like in the boundless sea, lost the direction, the dream is like a compass, guide your direction, a dream is just like a distant lighthouse, flashing the lights, light your way, and through their own hard work, to realize their dreams, to complete his beautiful and happy dream...... My dream of China never fades.

【精品】中国石油大学英语在线作业答案

第一次在线作业 单选题 (共40道题) 1.( 2.5分)The question is still ______ d iscussion. A、in B、by C、for D、under 我的答案:D 此题得分:2.5分 2.(2.5分)–hello. may i speak to mary? --_________ A、Sorry. B、Speaking. C、I don’t know you. D、Why? 我的答案:B 此题得分:2.5分 3.(2.5分)–Can I talk with Mr. Wang? --___________ A、He’s not in right now. B、He’ll come back.

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