综合英语教程(第三版)BOOK1-课文译文02.第二单元

第二单元

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美国家庭和中国传统家庭的比较

美国家庭和中国传统家庭有很多不同之处。先说说住房吧。美国房子通常都有院子，大小不一，周围有篱笆，但很少有高高的围墙，让路人看不到房子窗户。通常室内也只是用窗帘或百叶窗遮挡外界视线。

中国传统房屋的形象是房子在中央，外围4堵高墙。中国北方的许多地方现在仍是这样，围墙很高，从外面只能看见屋顶，大门坚固，与外界相隔。除此之外，大门正前通常会立有一个影壁。据说，这样可以在大门敞开时，也不会让房子被人眼看不到的鬼魂一览无余。

在屋内，两国房子也存在着巨大的反差。美国房内强调的是个人隐私。不仅洗手间有门，卧室也有门，客厅甚至是厨房也安有门。空间和财产已被个人化了。父母对孩子房间里没有多少自由，孩子也不可在父母房间及其活动区域为所欲为。在有些美国家庭，这个隐私规则甚至延伸到了夫妻之间——丈夫和妻子拥有各自的卧室。在中国家庭却是没有隐私可言的，非夫妻的异性之间除外。就算是家里有足够的房间，中国小孩也经常和父母睡在一起，一直要到步入青春期为止。不仅父母对孩子的东西可任意处置，而且青年人也可随便使用父母的东西，只要能抓到手的话。如果小孩弄坏了父母的东西，要受到父母的责备，但这不是因为他们动了别人的东西，而是因为他们太小了还不能做到小心仔细。

中国家庭没有隐私概念，这在北方许多富裕家庭可以找到极端例子。在那里，房间并排连在一起，像火车车厢一样。所有房间一个通着一个，按一定的顺序排列，而每个房间没有单独的入口。假如有5个房间，那么房屋正门则直通最中间的房间，餐厅兼厨房就在这里。

厨房里相对的两面墙上各有一扇门，各通向一个房间，这两个房间各自还有门，通向最两端的房间。从最边端的一个房间（A房间）开始，你可以一直走进B房间，进入厨房兼餐厅的C房间，再进入D房间，最后进入E房间。父母住在B房间，距厨房最近，把A房间空出来，留给出嫁的女儿带着外孙来住娘家。如果家里有两个儿子都结婚了，老大一家就住在D房间，老二一家就住在E房间。这样A房间和E房间的人要想出进房子就得必须先穿过B房间和D房间。房间的实际安排每家会有所出入，但这种简要描述总体上来说是对的。

如此这般的住所布局在美国并不常见，但很多中国人却在固守着这种常见的直线式房屋布局，即使房间和空间绰绰有余。因为在中国传统文化里，4堵墙围起的空间就是一个集体概念。美国孩子的活动范围在家庭里界限分明，但没人主张家庭和外界要界限分明，相隔分离。中国孩子的活动范围恰好相反。在家庭里没有分界线，而外部的世界却被高墙和大门相隔。

改编自《美国人和中国人》，弗兰斯·L·K·苏著(高全孝译，张校勤校)

美国家庭

在美国，许多年轻人不和家人住一起，而是住在居民区的公寓楼群，在这里大家差不多都是同龄人。年轻人常常一毕业就离家搬进合租公寓（如果能付得起钱的话）。他们自己做饭洗涮，偶尔周末也回家看看。

年轻已婚夫妇可能会搬到新兴的郊区，那里多数人都有小孩。在乡间，有些人甚至自己盖房子住。

如果一家收入攀升，他们也许会搬至另一个郊区，那里房子更大，有两个甚至三个车库，一个游泳池，一个孩子们的游艺室，还有家庭可能需要的一切。

老年人通常不和他们的成年孩子住在一起，不少老人住在养老院。一些则住在专为老人建造的小城镇里，那里没有小孩，环境要安静些。

美国人总是在搬家。有些家庭每隔几年就要搬一次。每年有20%的美国人要搬家。舒茨夫妇开始一起生活可能是住在纽约的公寓房里，接下来住在新英格兰的一座白色木屋里，木屋只有小小的窗户，为了冬天能避寒。退休后他们搬到加利福尼亚州的一座阳光明媚的房子里，花园里种着柑桔树，大大的窗户将游泳池和大海美景收览无余。

(高全孝译，张校勤校) 英国家庭

英国人家通常比美国人家小一些，但是，和美国人家一样，老年人、年轻家庭和未婚青年通常不住在一起。

许多英国人喜欢老房子，这些房子通常要比新房子还贵。英国人也喜爱侍弄花草，小镇小村里，花园随处可见。一些花园很小，只有一棵树，几朵花。有些花园很大，有好多花儿，还有不少蔬菜和果树，足够一家人吃。

英国有1 900万座房子——大房子和小房子，旧的村舍和新高层建筑，独家独院房子和公寓房子。（美国人说apartment,英国人说flat。）

在英国，半数家庭拥有自己的房子。成千上万的这些“房主自住”房子是一样的，都有两间或三间卧房在楼上，楼下一个起居室、一个餐厅和厨房，房子前后各有一个小花园。至于买房的款项，房主们先从“住房基金会”贷款，然后再每月一点一点地偿还。

三分之一的英国人租借国有房子，这被称为“市政房子”。不少这样的房子是公寓房，但有些也是独家独院，有一个小花园。其他人则是向私人房东租房子。

英国有大量各式各样的房子，但这还不够！有些年轻人结婚成家时可能很难找到一处房子。

(高全孝译，张校勤校)

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到华氏零下30度，我们辛苦劳作了整整两天，用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。再过三个月，气温会升到95度，我们就要给玉米松土，在草莓地除草，还要宰杀家禽。前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。过些时候，四个孩子中的两个小的，16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉，会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下，那是专为室外干活修建的。这个月晚些时候，我们要给果树喷洒药水，要油漆谷仓，要给菜园播种，要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。在这些活计之间，我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时，不是打字撰文，就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。桑迪则有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家务，她还照管菜园和蜂房，烘烤面包，将食品装罐、冷藏，开车送孩子学音乐，和他们一起练习，自己还要上风琴课，为我做些研究工作并打字，自己有时也写写文章，还要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、运送鸡蛋。正如老话说的那样，在这种情形之下，坏人不得闲――贤德之人也歇不了。我们谁也不会忘记第一年的冬天。从12月一直到3月底，我们都被深达5英尺的积雪困着。暴风雪肆虐，一场接着一场，积雪厚厚地覆盖着屋子和谷仓，而室内，我们用自己砍伐的木柴烧火取暖，吃着自家种植的苹果，温馨快乐每一分钟。开春后，有过两次泛滥。一次是河水外溢，我们不少田地被淹了几个星期。接着一次是生长季节到了，一波又一波的农产品潮涌而来，弄得我们应接不暇。我们的冰箱里塞满了樱桃、蓝莓、草莓、芦笋、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接着我们存放食品罐的架子上、柜橱里也开始堆

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Book1 课后习题 Unit1 Never Say Goodbye I. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in your own words. 1. When I was ten I was suddenly confronted with the anguish of moving from the only home. 2. … they all have one thing in common: sadness. 3. … in that place in your heart where summer is an always time. 4. Don’t ever give in to the sadness and the loneliness of that word. 5. Take that special hello and lock it away within you. II. Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair in their appropriate forms and note the difference of meaning between them. 1. SHUDDER SHAKE a. Seeing the referee drawing out the yellow card, the coach began ————————— his fist in rage. b. She ————————— at the touch of his leathery hand. c. The tree branches were ———————— in that sudden gust of win d. d. He ———————— breathlessly in the doorway until his pursuers had raced past. 2. ANSWER REPLY a. He had hoped that divorce would be the —————— to all his problems. b. We are still waiting for him to ——————— to our requests for further assistance. c. In ——————— to his suggestions, they have decided to consult him for more details. d. He ———————— his critics by claiming that he was responding to the new needs of globalization. 3. COMMON GENERAL a. The ———————— impression we got was that they were not interested in the new project. b. It was claimed in the newly published report that higher education, in ———————— , is financially in trouble. c. It may be said that good health is a ———————— condition, and that occasional sickness is —————— . d. AIDS is becoming the most ———————— cause of death among drug addicts. 4. SMALL TINY a. A ———————— house would do perfectly for the two of them. b. “Get back on board!” I shouted as his ———————— figure struggled up the river bank. c. Displayed at the exhibition were some ———————— toy soldiers that were beautifully carve d. d. The visitor was a ———————— man who would give every appearance of self-importanc e. III. Choose a word or phrase that best completes each of the following sentences. 1. She suffered great mental ——————— after her husband died, and as a result she became mad. A. anger B. discomfort C. Unhappiness D. anguish 2. She offered me some food that had a ———————— taste. A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. Concrete 3. Building the proposed underground railway may ———————— much more than the government could pay. A. spend B. cost C. take D. Waste 4. Realizing the immense international pressure, the President ———————— stepped down. A. conspicuously B. gracefully C. lonely D. truly 5. The audience whistled and shouted, waiting for her to sing one ———————— song. A. last B. final C. ending D. concluding 6. During the war, all the women were left unloved, exhausted, impoverished and ——————— .

新世纪博士生综合英语Unit 1 课文及译文

Unit1 The Burden of Womanhood Too often in the Third World, a female?s life is hardly worth living. By: John Ward Anderson & Molly Moore 女人的负担往往在第三世界，女性的生活几乎是不值得活的。约翰.沃德.安德森和莫莉.摩尔 1.When Rani returned home from the hospital cradling her newborn daughter, the men in the family slipped out of her mud hut while she and her mother-in-law mashed poisonous oleander seeds into a dollop of oil and dropped it into the baby?s throat. As soon as darkness fell, Rani crept into a nearby field and buried her baby girl in a shallow, unmarked grave next to a small stream. 当拉尼抱着她刚出生的女儿从医院回到家时，男人们溜出了她的土屋，她和她的婆婆将有毒的夹竹桃种子捣碎成一团油，并将其塞到婴儿的喉咙里。夜幕一降临，拉尼就蹑手蹑脚地来到附近的一块土地，将她的女婴埋在一条小溪浅旁边的一个不深的、没有标记的坟墓内。 2.“I never felt any sorrow,” Rani, a farm laborer with a weather-beaten face, said through an interpreter. “There was a lot of bitterness in my heart toward the baby because the gods should have given me a son.” “我从来没有感到任何悲哀”，脸部饱经风霜的拉尼通过翻译说，“我的心对孩子充满了辛酸，因为神本应该赐予我一个儿子”。 3.Each year hundreds and perhaps thousands of newborn girls in India are murdered by their mothers simply because they are female. Some women believe that sacrificing a daughter guarantees a son in the next pregnancy. In other cases, the family cannot afford the dowry that would eventually be demanded for a girl?s marriage. 在印度每年有数百甚至数千名新生女婴被他们的母亲谋杀，只因为他们是女孩。有些妇女认为，牺牲一个女儿将保证下次怀孕是儿子。在其他情况下，家庭买不起女孩结婚时所需的嫁妆。 4.And for many mothers, sentencing a daughter to death is better than condemning her to life as a woman in the Third World, with cradle-to-grave discrimination, poverty, sickness and drudgery. 对于很多母亲而言，判处女儿死刑胜过让她在第三世界作为一个女人生活，经历一辈子的歧视、贫困、疾病和劳苦。

综合英语教程第三版

unit1响尾蛇伤我们在西波顿种植西瓜和香瓜供应市场。我家有一块瓜地和花圃在紧靠甘蔗地的谷仓背后。一天，我从工具棚里拿了把镰刀想去砍个西瓜自己吃。他们是不许我拿这把刀的，因为它的刀刃比我的胳膊还长。但它是切西瓜的最好工具。一刀下去，西瓜就一分为二了。我正沿着瓜地边走边拍打着想找一个熟瓜，突然感觉脚好像被针一样的东西扎了一下。我为是踩在一堆蒺藜草上了。转眼一看，却发现是一条响尾蛇。我知道响尾蛇在袭击之前都要发出响声以示警告的，而我对那响声的熟悉程度决不亚于我熟悉鹌鹑。后来我才明白它是没有时间警告，我肯定是一脚踩在它的嘴巴上了。我边往家飞奔，边大声喊叫，满脑子想的都是自己肯定要死了。妈妈赶快解下围裙用上面的带子绑在我的膝盖上部。她扶我到前屋的沙发上躺下，让玛莎照看我。当时在场的既没有一个男人也没有一匹马。最近的住宅是豪威尔先生家，但他家没有马。再远点的是吉姆·安德森家，穿过田地抄近路也有半英里的距离。妈妈冲向安德森家。安德森的一个儿子跳上马就直奔城里，在安德森家打工的克拉克的儿子用车把妈妈送回家。回到家，妈妈发现围裙带已被玛莎解开了，因为我直叫系得太紧。妈妈给我重新绑上，她用力很猛以致于我失声叫了起来。然后，妈妈又到门廊朝那条通往城里的路张望。这条路位于安德森和豪威尔两家领地中间，一直延伸到小山顶端，因此从这里你可以看见所有路过的人或物。我总是远远就能辨认出我们的马车和汤姆，尤其是爸爸赶车的时候。这时，如果得到允许，汤姆就会因为急于吃到马槽里的东西而撒腿跑起来，爸爸也总是允许它这么做的。赫伯·安德森的意见是首先找爸爸，如果他不在就找麦肯斯医生，再不成就找菲尔德或别的医生。妈妈一边盯着看谁的马先出现，一边不时地进屋安慰我。终于，妈妈说道：“你爸爸来了。” Read more 误解这是个古老的故事，的确是要说到1864年的事。那时，英国军队驻扎在牙买加的一个团养了只官兵都喜爱的大猴子。那是只善于思考、极有主见的猴子，他的行为习惯和举止总是令军官们开心不已。他的居所对着军官食堂的窗户，尽管身上系着很长但不重的链子，他照样自得其乐，淘气逗人。比如有一天，他觉得一位年轻军官羞侮了他，便立即把食堂窗户敲得惊天动地。军官们只好把他的居所移到一个不太招眼的地方，但他依旧自娱自乐。任何活生生的东西，只要胆敢闯入他链长所及的范围内，就免不了被折腾得手忙脚乱一阵子。而那些倒霉的鸡鸭，却经常误入他的领地。那就会被他一下子抓住，有时竟被他扼杀，不过更多的时候，他都是恶作剧地对这些痛苦的阶下囚实施全身或半身拔毛手术，然后再放开。然而，有一只鸡却让他突然强烈地喜欢上了。他是逮住了它，但他即不拔毛也不扼杀，反倒是百般怜惜、抚爱有加。这种毫无顾忌的举动使那只不幸的鸡恐怕是宁受拔毛之刑吧。猴子拧它，揉它，抚摸它，搂抱它，把它举得高高地，令它展翅起舞，又把它放开一会儿，可当它试图逃脱时又顽皮地将它两腿一抓。可那只鸡怎么地都不领情，反倒是完全误解了猴情猴意。但猴子却始终不渝，牢牢地紧握着这个心肝宝贝不放松。他满以为忠贞不渝的柔情蜜意即能赢得芳心归，没想到讨好卖乖了一番却不成功，因而更加大献殷勤：不一样地抚摸，更挚着地摩挲，更卖力地搓揉，还逗得它更欢快地舞蹈。可万分钟情也未能赢得回眸一顾。终于，在猴子极其亲昵的拥抱中，鸡给整死了，至死也未能理解猴的一片赤诚。猴子处于极度悲伤之中。可想而知，他好不容易发现心爱之鸡，而这心爱之鸡未能回报丝毫之柔情，竟弃他而去！可悲复可怜！他开始着手祭奠的仪式，每一动作都表现出他沉痛

大学体验英语综合教程3第三版课后习题答案与翻译

Unit 1 1.年轻人有时会抱怨无法和父母沟通。(communicate with) Answer: Young people sometimes complain of being unable to communicate with their parents. 2. 能在中国云南的一个苗家村落住下来一直是玛丽长久以来的梦想，现在她终于梦想成真了。(to take up residence) Answer: It has been Mary’s long cherished dream to take up residence in a Miao village in Yunnan, China. Now her dream has finally come true. 3. 家养的动物习惯于依赖人，因此很难能在野外活下来。(survive) Answer: Domestic animals are used to depending on humans, so it is difficult for them to survive in the wild. 4. 他突然有种恐惧感，觉得自己会因为经济不景气而被公司裁员。(overtake) Answer: He was suddenly overtaken by a fear that he would be laid off by the company because of depression. 5. 我估计公交路线上堵车了，因为我都等了30分钟也没见一辆车开过去。(figure) Answer: I figure that there is a traffic jam on the route of the bus, for I’ve waited for 30 m without seeing one passing by. 1.十年前，当公司还处在生产的鼎盛时期时，我们就决定投资新技术，将公司转型为技术密集型企业。由于拥有先进技术，我们在激烈动荡的市场竞争中脱颖而出。现在我们的成本下降了百分之三十，销售业绩却上涨了三分之二，利润翻了一番。Answer: Ten years ago, when our company was at the height of its production, we decided to invest in new technologies, so as to turn our company into a technology-intensive one. With our advanced technologies, we out-competed all our competitors in the rough and tumble of the marketplace. Now we have reduced the cost by 30 percent, even as / while our sales have grown by two-thirds and the earnings have doubled. 2. 我们将可持续性定义为保持企业盈利，但不以环境为代价。从商业的角度看，这合理吗？事实上，在追求可持续发展目标的过程中，我们的收益已经超过了所有的投资和开支。可持续发展的推进起到了如此重要的作用，帮助我们撑过了史上最深重的经济衰退。Answer: We define sustainability as keeping a business profitable, but not at the expense of the environment. Does this make good business sense? Actually, what we get has more than offset all the investments and expenses incurred in pursuit of the goal of sustainable development. The boost of sustainability made such a difference that it helped us survive the deepest recession in the history. Unit 2 1.记者敦促发言人就此次军事打击作出解释。(press for) Answer: Reporters pressed the spokesman for an explanation of the military attack. 2. 他的竞选演讲未能使选民相信他就是参议员的合适人选。(convince) Answer: His election speech failed to convince the voters that he was the right person for the Senate seat. 3. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题不能解决。(while) Answer: While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. 4. 他在电视上的第一次辩论给观众留下了深刻的印象。(impression) Answer: His first debate on TV made a deep impression on his audience. 5. 一切事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。(interact with) Answer: All things are interrelated and interact with each other. 1.这位年轻的埃及男孩在一些化学项目中积累了丰富的经验。这些经验帮助他在埃及大学读书时成绩名列班级前茅。在研究生学习即将结束时，他决定在化学学习方面继续深造。当面临选择去哪所大学时，他选择了宾夕法尼亚大学而放弃了加州理工学院，仅仅只是因为他当时认为“大学”比“学院”听起来更负盛名。Answer: This young Egyptian boy had received a