轮机维护与修理_25-48期真题(873)32873

轮机维护与修理_25-48期真题(873)32873
轮机维护与修理_25-48期真题(873)32873

中华人民共和国海事局

2003年第3期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第32期)

科目:轮机维护与修理试卷代号:873

适用对象:3000KW及以上船舶二/三管轮

(本试卷卷面总分100分,及格分为70分,考试时间为100分钟)

答题说明:本试卷试题均为单项选择题,请选择一个最合适的答案,并将该答案按答题卡要求,在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。每题1分,共100分。

1.轮机员______机器、设备是衡量其业务素质和技术水平的标准。

A.熟练的操纵

B.定期保养

C.正确管理

D.熟悉和掌握

2.产品的故障或失效的表现形式称为:

A.故障

B.损坏

C.失效

D.故障模式

3.维修科学研究的内容是:

A.损坏

B.故障率

C.故障

D.失效

4.造成船舶长时间停航的是________故障。

A.较大

B.严重

C.重大

D.全局性

5.属于工艺性故障的原因是由_______引起的。

A.材料老化

B.磨损

C.计算错误

D.间隙过小

6.柴油机活塞环-气缸套的过度磨损导致的燃烧室密封性下降属于_______故

障。

A.波及性

B.突发性

C.渐进性

D.结构性

7.属于船舶不停航的局部故障是主机:

A.螺旋桨损坏

B.某缸喷油泵柱塞咬死

C.曲轴折断

D.增压器损坏不能工作

8.下列故障/事故的原因,不属于人为因素的是:

A.船员技术水平有限,对先进的设备不敢动,致使缺乏维护而损坏

B.船长老要快车,轮机长却不管不问

C.设备材质不佳、设计不合理引发的曲轴断裂

D.连杆螺栓服役>1.5 ~ 2万小时后仍继续使用,后来引起“伸腿”事故

9.属于自然故障的是由_______造成的。

A.活塞装置失中

B.冷却不良

C.滑油变质

D.操作不当

10.可靠性是反映产品耐用和可靠程度的一种性能,是产品_______特性之一。

A.原有的

B.设计的

C.固有的

D.应有的

11.船舶机械的综合可靠性取决于:

A.船机的固有可靠性

B.船机的实际可靠性

C.轮机管理人员工作的可靠性

D.船机的固有可靠性和实际可靠性

12.产品的使用可靠性难于达到其_______可靠性。

A.实际

B.内在

C.固有

D.综合13.半液体摩擦是指摩擦副表面间同时存在:

A.滑动摩擦与滚动摩擦

B.干摩擦与液体摩擦

C.边界摩擦和干摩擦

D.边界摩擦和液体摩擦

14.在高温重载条件下,为了提高油膜强度,在润滑油中应添加:

A.抗泡剂

B.油性添加剂

C.碱性添加剂

D.极压添加剂

15.二冲程柴油机十字头轴承为_____摩擦,采用_____润滑。

A.边界/流体动压

B.边界/流体静压

C.液体/流体动压

D.液体/流体静压

16.衡量气缸套的磨损程度,可采用的指标有:

A.椭圆度、锥度、缸径最大增量

B.椭圆度、锥度、磨损率、缸径最大增量

C.圆度、圆柱度、内径增量

D.圆度、圆柱度、内径增量、磨损率

17.柴油机运转初期产生的磨合拉缸,其损伤部位一般在气缸套与______工作表

面。

A.活塞

B.活塞裙

C.活塞环

D.活塞环及活塞裙

18.船舶柴油机缸套磨损正常,则:

A.气缸套的圆度误差、圆柱度误差和内径增量小于标准

B.铸铁缸套的磨损率>0.1 mm/kh,镀铬缸套的磨损率>0.01~0.03 mm/kh

C.缸套工作表面的粗糙度符合标准?

D.气缸套表面不会产生磨台

19.船机零件失效的形式有:

A.穴蚀

B.烧蚀

C.电化学腐蚀

D.腐蚀

20.衡量金属腐蚀的几个指标中,最适用于衡量密度不同的各金属腐蚀速度的是:

A.重量指标

B.深度指标

C.容量指标

D.电阻性能指标

21.船体钢板生锈应属于______腐蚀。

A.全面不均匀

B.全面均匀

C.局部

D.空泡

22.穴蚀是水力机械或机件与液体相对______时在机件表面产生的一种破坏。

A.转动

B.高速运动

C.静止

D.移动

23.发生穴蚀时,介质与零件表面发生的是:

A.生化作用

B.电化学作用

C.物理作用

D.相互作用

24.机件穴蚀与锈蚀的区别在于机件表面:

A.有腐蚀产物附着

B.无腐蚀产物附着

C.有腐蚀小孔

D.无腐蚀小孔

25.柴油机气缸套产生穴蚀的部位是:

A.内圆表面

B.外圆表面

C.端面

D.外部凸缘

26.气缸套外表面产生穴蚀以______最严重。

A.冷却水进口对应处

B.水流转向对应处

C.承受侧推力最大一侧

D.缸套密封圈附近处

27.气缸套外圆表面______可有效地减少或防止穴蚀。

A.镀铁

B.涂漆

C.涂环氧树脂

D.喷钼

28.柴油机高负荷运转时______较为严重。

A.气缸套穴蚀

B.流动穴蚀

C.波动穴蚀

D.高压油管上的穴

29.螺旋桨发生穴蚀除与转速有关外,还与______有关。

A.材料

B.桨直径

C.桨叶数目

D.轴系

30.燃油系统的柱塞螺旋槽附近和针阀截面变化处发生:

A.波动穴蚀

B.流动穴蚀

C.电偶腐蚀

D.应力腐蚀

31.疲劳应力集中系数与静力理论应力集中系数相等时,表明:

A.疲劳应力集中值最小,缺口最敏感

B.疲劳应力集中最严重,缺口不

敏感

C.疲劳应力集中值最小,缺口不敏感

D.疲劳应力集中最严重,缺口最

敏感

32.低周疲劳的循环次数一般为:

A. 104~ 105

B. 105~ 106

C. 106~ 107

D. 107~ 108

33.高周疲劳是一种常见的低应力、高寿命的疲劳破坏,如______的裂纹和断裂。

A.气缸盖

B.气缸套

C.曲轴

D.船体

34.据统计,疲劳断裂的零件约占断裂零件总数的______以上。

A. 30%

B. 50%

C. 80%

D. 90%

35.零件疲劳断裂是突然的,没有任何先兆,但其断裂过程是经过较长时间,即在

交变应力的最大值近于或等于材料的______,长时间反复作用后,在零件表面的缺陷(应力集中)处产生裂纹,逐渐扩展而最后断裂。

A.δs

B.δb

C.δ-1

D.δbb

36.脆性断裂之前,材料:

A.有明显的塑性变形

B.无明显的塑性变形

C.有较小的塑性变形

D.无变形

37.一般船机零件断裂是属于:

A.韧性断裂

B.脆性断裂

C.疲劳断裂

D.变形

38.零件断裂后,其断口上的裂纹扩展区的贝纹线间距小,即贝纹细密,表明零件

材料的______高。

A.疲劳强度

B.抗拉强度

C.持久强度

D.抗弯强度

39.材料的______随零件尺寸增大而降低的现象称为尺寸效应。

A.强度

B.疲劳强度

C.硬度

D.刚性40.零件表面粗糙度越低,表面越粗糙,则零件材料的疲劳强度:

A.越高

B.越低

C.不受影响

D.不变

41.机器运转中,工作温度______使零件材料的疲劳强度_____。

A.升高/降低

B.升高/升高

C.降低/降低

D.降低/升高

42.着色探伤的步骤是:

A.清洗、渗透、清洗、显像

B.渗透、清洗、显像

C.清洗、渗透、显像

D.都不对

43.在船上使用最多的检验缺陷的方法是:

A.观察法

B.听响法

C.测量法

D.煤油-白粉法

44.用测量法检测零件时,测量精度取决于______和______。

A.量具精度/测量技术

B.量具精度/测量精度

C.读数误差/测量精度

D.测量技术/读数误差

45.液体渗透检漏探伤适用于______的容器。

A.金属和塑料

B.陶瓷和塑料

C.金属和非金属材料

D.磁性和非磁性材料

46.荧光探伤简便、灵活,______高,但需在暗室中进行观察,而且长期受到紫外

线照射将影响人体健康。

A.灵敏度

B.精确度

C.准确度

D.可靠度

47.对使用中要求具有较高_______的零件通常进行液压或气压试验来检查零件有

无内部缺陷。

A.密封性

B.使用性

C.强度

D.耐压性

48.状态识别是根据______,参照相应的规范,运用各种相关的知识和经验,对机

器状态进行识别。

A.外部信息

B.运转状态参数

C.特征参数

D.内部发出的信号

49.在故障诊断过程中,特征提取是指:

A.信息采集

B.信息分析处理

C.状态识别

D.工况监测

50.下列哪一项不属于油液监测的理化性能分析?

A.滤纸法

B.经验法

C.常规化验法

D.光谱分析法

51.把原始、杂乱的信息进行处理,获取反映故障最敏感的参数,称为:

A.特征提取

B.工况监测

C.故障诊断

D.参数处理

52.实现船舶机械视情维修的先决条件是:

A.无损探伤

B.工况监测

C.故障诊断

D.工况监测和故障

诊断

53.船机故障诊断是在船机运转状态下,利用其______来判断、识别机器的技术状

态。

A.特征参数

B.外部信息

C.内部发出的信息

D.应变信息

54.冷却器碱洗的时间和浓度一般为:

A. 24小时,10%

B. 12小时,5%

C. 6小时,1%

D. 3小

时,0.5%

55.不能除去零件表面的积炭、铁锈和水垢的方法是:

A.常规清洗

B.机械清洗

C.化学清洗

D.碱性清洗剂清洗

56.常用于清洗柴油机燃烧室零件的方法是:

A.常规清洗

B.机械清洗

C.化学清洗

D.物理清洗

57.在车床加工或修理零件时,操作人员不应:

A.戴防护眼镜

B.穿紧身工作服

C.戴手套

D.将袖口扎紧

58.具有相对运动的配合件,磨损后不仅零件的形状、尺寸等发生变化,而且使

______增大,工作性能变坏。

A.表面粗糙度

B.配合间隙

C.表面硬度

D.冲击作用

59.活塞环粘着在环槽中时,在保护______的前提下进行拆卸。

A.活塞环

B.活塞

C.环槽

D. A+B

60.采用恢复尺寸法修复零件后,配合间隙得到:

A.恢复

B.改变

C.满足

D.提高

61.配合件修复后,若其使用性能可以得到恢复,则其:

A.尺寸改变

B.形状恢复

C.配合间隙恢复

D.尺寸恢复

62.尺寸选配法用于______零件修复。

A.单件

B.小批

C.大批

D.少量

63.分段多层堆焊法是______,然后分段一层一层的堆焊。

A.把长焊层分成若干短焊层

B.把长焊道分成若干短焊道和分层

C.把焊道分段和分层

D.把焊道分层

64.用熔点低于金属零件的金属材料作钎料,将零件与钎料加热至______的温度,

使液态钎料润湿零件金属,并与之相互扩散达到连接零件裂纹的方法称钎焊。

A.较高

B.高于钎料熔点

C.低于零件金属熔点

D.高于钎料熔点低于零件金属熔点

65.通过加热或加压,或同时加热与加压的方法,永久性连接两金属的工艺称为:

A.焊接

B.堆焊

C.钎焊

D.喷焊

66.为了保证焊补质量,对其工艺要求严格,除应焊前预热,且要求焊后:

A.清洁和加工

B.退火

C.检查质量

D.快速冷却

67.铸铁件的黄铜钎焊修复的优点是:

A.零件上出现两种颜色

B.接头处无白口出现,也不会产生裂纹

C.延长零件使用寿命

D.质量可靠

68.堆焊时采用分段多层堆焊法和逐步退焊法的目的是:

A.使零件受热均匀

B.使堆焊层与零件结合强度高

C.效率高

D.容易焊69.铸铁中的碳以片状石墨形式存在,焊补时石墨被高温氧化生成CO气体,使焊

缝金属易产生:

A.脆断

B.气孔或咬边

C.砂眼

D.缩松

70.钢管焊接采用:

A.气焊

B.电焊

C.等离子焊

D.电渣焊

71.小型铸铁件或大型铸铁件的局部多采用:

A.堆焊

B.钎焊

C.喷焊

D.镀铁

72.下列中______不是有机粘接修复技术的工艺特点。

A.粘接不增加零件的重量

B.不破坏材料的性能

C.室温下粘接对零件无热影响

D.固化时间长,收缩率大,膨胀系数

73.下列修理项目中不能用粘接技术进行修理的是:

A.紧配螺栓

B.螺旋桨的穴蚀孔洞

C.气缸盖裂纹

D.曲轴裂纹

74.活塞顶部烧蚀的形貌是:

A.麻点或凹坑

B.较为粗糙

C.分散小孔

D.集中的小孔群

75.活塞环异常磨损时,其磨损率______mm/kh。

A.>0.1

B.<0.1

C.<0.5

D.>0.5

76.活塞环粘着在环槽中的原因可能是:

A.平面间隙过小

B.滑油过多

C.燃烧不良和滑油过多

D.环槽变形

77.活塞环的平面间隙过大,会使:

A.环冲击增大

B.环易于折断

C.环磨损增加

D.燃气漏泄

78.活塞环粘着在环槽中,取出时切勿损伤:

A.环

B.环槽

C.活塞

D.气缸

79.柴油机______或起动后加速过快,使气缸盖的底面与冷却面的温差过大,热应

力增加。

A.冷车起动

B.冷却不良

C.超负荷

D.润滑不良

80.新型的船用低速柴油机主轴颈的下沉量是采用______测量。

A.桥规

B.专用测深千分尺

C.专用长塞尺

D.外径千分尺

81.______情况下应测曲轴臂距值。

A.吊缸检修

B.气缸盖螺栓上紧后

C.机架变形

D.活塞运动部件失中时

82.检验所测臂距差精度的方法是:

A.说明书或规范

B.(L上 +L下)-(L左 +L右)<±0.03mm

C.Δ<S/10000

D.(L上 +L下)≤ (L左 +L右 )±0.01mm

83.在主机活塞运动部件已装情况下测量臂距值,下列关于L 下的叙述不正确的

是:

A. L下代表曲柄销在下止点位置时的臂距值

B. L下是实测出来的

C. L下 =(L下' +L下")/2

D. L下> L上时臂距差为负

84.为了简化桥规值的测量,目前的船用主机均______进行测量。

A.不必拆开主轴承的上盖

B.需要拆开主轴承的上盖

C.采用专用的长塞尺

D.采用桥规

85.若已知曲轴的轴线状态呈拱腰形,则其两主轴承高度必然______于相邻轴承,

测得臂距差为______值。

A.低/正

B.低/负

C.高/正

D.高/负

86.连杆大端轴承间隙采用压铅丝法测量时,铅丝不应:

A.沿轴颈圆周方向平行放置

B.沿轴颈轴方向平行放置

C.选用2~3根

D.具有(15~20)Δ(Δ为安装间隙)直径

87.采用压铅丝方法测量主轴承的轴承间隙,铅丝不应:

A.沿轴颈圆周方向平行放置

B.沿轴颈轴方向平行放置

C.选用2~3根

D.具有120~150°轴颈弧长

88.轴瓦的疲劳裂纹与下列因素无关的是:

A.白合金疲劳强度低

B.轴承间隙过大

C.轴承负荷过大

D.润滑不良

89.龟裂多发生在______厚壁轴瓦上。

A.铜铅合金

B.白合金

C.高锡铝合金

D.锡青铜

90.两半式厚壁轴瓦______时不能采用重浇白合金的方法修理。

A.轴承合金烧熔

B.轴瓦厚度<0.065D( D为轴承直径,mm)

C.脱壳与大面积剥落

D.轴瓦过度磨损

91.采用压铅法测量主轴承的轴承间隙时,不应______,以免破坏测量工作。

A.粗心

B.违反测量步骤

C.使所测铅丝厚度混乱

D.盘车

92.柱塞偶件的磨损部位主要在______上。

A.柱塞外圆面

B.套筒内孔

C.圆柱配合面

D.螺旋槽

93.回油孔式高压油泵的柱塞易于发生穴蚀是因为:

A.材料不耐蚀

B.螺旋槽处强度低

C.供油时高压,回油时低压

D.燃油易挥发

94.喷油器的喷孔磨损是由于______造成的。

A.高温变形

B.烧损

C.燃油冲刷

D.喷油量增加95.用漏光法检查活塞环密封性时,要求一处漏光弧度不超过______,几处漏光弧

度之和不超过______。

A. 10°/30°

B. 20°/50°

C. 30°/90°

D. 45°/120°

96.活塞销外圆表面过度磨损时常采用______工艺。

A.镀铬

B.渗碳

C.表面淬火

D.堆焊

97.活塞销是筒状活塞与连杆的连接件,它的作用是:

A.传递力

B.与连杆小端轴承配合

C.承受力

D.承受摩擦

98.通常,当气缸套磨损量超过______D时,燃烧室就会失去密封性(D为缸径)。

A. 0.1%~0.2%

B. 0.2%~0.4%

C. 0.3%~0.6%

D. 0.4%~0.8%

99.柴油机起动前冲车时,若示功阀有水珠或水汽喷出,则说明燃烧室零件产生:

A.裂纹

B.高温腐蚀

C.烧蚀

D.穿透性裂纹100.航行中主柴油机气缸套产生严重的裂纹,但又无更换的备件时采用______措施。

A.停机

B.拖航

C.减缸航行

D.降负荷继续运转

轮机维护与维修试题五

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The desirable properties or a marine fuel oil should inc lude . A. high flash point and high viscosity B. low flash point and high viscosity C. low heating value and high sulphur content D. high heating value and low sulphur content 5. As the plunger moves upwards in the barrel, injection will commence once the plunger bas the spill ports and the pressure builds up. A. opened up B. closed off C. lined up D. taken off 6. In an auxiliary diesel engine bypass type lubricating oil system, the main lube oil pump forces . A. all of the oil used by the engine through a filter B. some of the oil used by the engine through a filter C. some of the oil used by the engine through a centrifuge D. all of the oil used by the engine through a centrifuge 7. Because the circulating water is in a closed loop, is installed to cater for expansion and contraction of the water at different conditions of operation. A. an expansion joint B. a drain tank C. a head tank D. a contraction tank 8. The high air velocity leaving the compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger is converted to pressure in the . A. inlet nozzle ring B. turbine wheel blade C. diffuser passages D. inlet volute 9. is usually driven by the engine camshaft and supplies pilot air to the cylinder air start valve. A. An air receiver B. An operating valve C. An automatic valve D. An air distributor 10. Diesel engines driving alternators operating in parallel must maintain a set frequency regardless of load changes. The governor characteristic used to accomplish this is known as . A. actuation B. sensitivity C. compensation D. promptness 11. By comparing the exhaust gas temperature of each cylinder, the operator can determine if the load is balanced throughout the engine. The device most commonly used is a . A. tachometer B. pyrometer C. dynamometer D. calorimeter 12. When the ship is going to enter into the harbor, ____. A. change from heavy fuel oil to diesel oil for main engine B. pumping out bilge water C. change sea chest from high level one to lower level one D. test emergency generator 13. If the jacket water temperature rises rapidly above normal in a diesel engine, you should first . A. place standby cooler in operation B. reduce engine toad C. check thermostatic valve D. clean sea water strainer 14. Air cocks, usually positioned at the in a circulating system, is used to get rid of the air in the system. A. bending joint B. expansion tank C. weld D. the highest point 15. Which of the following conditions could contribute to the cracking of a diesel engine cylinder head? A. Leaking seal ring B. Insufficient heat transfer from the exhaust valves C. Blocked cooling water passages to the head D. Excessive scavenging air provided to the engine 16. of an engine crankshaft can be detected by measuring deflections of' crank webs for each unit of the engine. A. Misalignment B. Length C. Strength D. Stresses 17. can be a direct cause of faulty operation of diesel engine fuel injection nozzles. A. Excessive fuel nozzle holder cooling B. Sediment in the fuel supply C. Distortion of the fuel spray pattern D. Improper atomization of the fuel 18. When fuel is injected late into a diesel engine cylinder . A. the exhaust will be clear B. fuel consumption will be low C. all the fuel will be burned at top dead center D. fuel consumption will be high 19. A large change in ambient temperature, or using an oil of a viscosity different than the one recommended by the manufacturer in a mechanical hydraulic governor, will result m the need to adjust the . A. pilot valve opening B. compensating needle valve C. compensating spring tension D. accumulator spring tension 20. Which of the following factors tends to increase scale formation on the saltwater side of a heat exchanger used in a diesel engine cooling water system? A. Baffle plates that have been bent during prior removal. B. Leaks m the cooler tube nest. C. Operating the engine while maintaining a high sea water outlet temperature. D. A punctured sea water strainer supplying cooling water to the heat exchanger. 21. If the scavenge fire is of a more major nature, if there is a risk of the fire extending or if the scavenge trunk is adjacent to the crankcase with risk of a hot spot developing it sometimes becomes necessary to the engine. A. stop B. start C. speed up D. slow down 22. In an operating diesel engine, which of the following conditions is an indication of a leaking air starting valve?

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轮机维护与维修试题六

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They should always be started with the discharge valve closed. B. They should always be started with the discharge valve opened. C. A priming pump is always required to flood the impeller suction. D. They should always be started with the sealing line valves closed. 20.The simplest method to use for determining if a centrifugal pump is operating as designed, is to ______. A. closely observe the pump discharge temperature B. close off the discharge valve, and watch for a rise in pressure C. momentarily close off the suction valve, and watch for a rise in pressure D. use a clamp on ammeter and compare the readings to past records

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