新大泽在国际上的四大认证-NOP 2

NOP (美国国家有机工程认证)

NOP（National Organic Program，中文译名为“国家有机工程”）是美国农业部所发起的，旨在规范进口食品质量，保证并促进国民身体健康的一项规模宏大的项目，NOP认证即指工程之下的，颁发给外国企业的，确认其饮食产品符合美国有机健康标准的食品安全认证。凡食品出口企业，必须获得此项认证，方可开始对美出口业务。

NOP以审查严格，标准权威，处罚严厉著称（详见下文）。在数年来的NOP检查中，我公司始终以优异的考核成绩通过认证，确保了公司最重要的业务之一----对美出口业务的顺利开展。

以下资料的英文原文来自于美国农业部网站：

1.What is NOP?

NOP是什么？

The National Organic Program (NOP) is part of the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). After several years of discussions between organic market stakeholders, the NOP Final Rule（500 pages in total）came into force in 2002. The complete standard can be downloaded from https://www.360docs.net/doc/8614851762.html,/nop/indexIE.htm

（NOP）国家有机工程是美国农业部的重要使命之一。经过有机物市场经营者长达几年的讨论，其最后的规章制度于2002年生效。这些规章制度的完整标准版（可从https://www.360docs.net/doc/8614851762.html,/nop/indexle.htm下载(共500页)。

2.Who needs to be NOP certified？

谁需要NOP认证？为什么需要？

Any grower or handler, who wants to sell organic products on the US market, must be

certified according to NOP by a USDA accredited certifier. Also your suppliers of organic ingredients must be NOP certified. The only exceptions are:

● Smallholders with less than 5,000 USD annual turnover from organic sales, who do sell their products directly to the consumer

● Retailers

● Operations, wh ich handle agricultural products containing less than 70% of organic ingredients, or only identify some organic ingredients on the information panel. Products from these companies cannot be used as organic ingredients in NOP certified processed food.

Operations, which only handle packaged organic food (§ 205.101).

任何（想）打算在美国市场上出售有机产品的生产商和经销商，都必须通过NOP 的认证，而且NOP的认证由美国农业局签订合格。有机成份供应商也必须由NOP 认证。

以下情况例外：

● 出售有机产品年营业额少于5000美元的小农户。可以直接将产品卖给消费者。

● 零售商

● 经销有机成分不到70%的农产品公司，或其产品的成份与某些有机成份相似的公司的产品无需作为加工食品的有机物成份通过NOP的认证，

●仅经营有机食品包装的公司。

3. Some general issues, which distinguish NOP from the EU Regulation on organic farming, and from other organic standards .

NOP与欧盟的有机农产品条例及其它有机物验证标准的不同之处：

（1）NOP gives high priority to the organic farm's or company's own responsibility:

In an organic management plan (called by NOP "organic production and handling system plan") the operator describes and defines procedures to assure the organic integrity (§ 205.201). As a first step the certifier checks, whether these procedures are compliant with NOP, and whether they are really implemented. CERES has adopted this same approach also for EU and JAS certification.

NOP给予有机物农场或加工有机物农产品的公司极大的优先权：在有机物管理计划（NOP称其为有机产品及经营体制方案）中，经营者必须阐述并规定确保食品有机性的程序。认证将首先检查这些程序是否与NOP相符，是否真正可行。

（2）The term "conversion" or "transition" does not exist in NOP. Farm management prior to organic certification is treated under "Land requirements" (§ 205.202). Land to be certified according to NOP must be managed according to the standard, and must not have received prohibited substances during 3 years before the first organic harvest.

NOP中没有“转变”或“过渡”这样的术语。农田管理机制先于有机物认证资格，农田必须首先满足NOP的基本要求。按NOP规定，要经过认证的土地须按标准经营，而且在第一次有机农产品成熟前的3年（的时间）内不能使用被禁止的物质。

（3）NOP is very strict concerning treatment of animal manure (§ 205.203). Manure must be subject to composting at high temperature during at least 2 weeks, during which the material must be turned a minimum of five times. Raw manure may be applied only 4 months before harvest (in case there is a possible contact with the edible part of the plant), or 3 months (if there is no contact risk with the edible part).

NOP对动物的粪便处理非常严格――规定其粪便必须在至少2周内堆制成肥料，在这期间所制成的堆肥其功效要小于之前粪便的五倍。在收获作物前4个月（这样以免粪便与有机植物的可食用部位接触）或3个月（如果其没有与食用部分接触的可能），没有经过堆肥的粪便方可使用。

（4）NOP requires "buffer zones" between organic and conventional fields, whenever there is a risk of contact with prohibited substances (pesticides, fertilizers) (§ 205.202).

如果危险物质有从普通田地流放到有机田地的危险的话，NOP要求在有机田地与普通田地之间设置“隔离区“。

（5）Labelling requirements for multi-ingredient food products are somehow different from the EU Regulation and JAS. On the one hand, there is a "100% organic" category. On the other hand, even on products with less than 70% organic ingredients, reference can be made to "organic" for single ingredients on the information panel (§ 205.300 through 205.305, see below N° 4, and also our "Brief Information Processing").

（商标）对多成份的食用产品的商标要求与欧盟的规则和日本农业标准的要求不尽相同。但一方面，NOP有“100%有机物”类别，另一方面，NOP对即使有机成份少于70%的产品也在信息栏上标清某一成份的有机份额来源。

（6）Use of inputs, additives, aids, and ingredients is regulated by "The National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances", for crop and livestock production, handling and storage (§ 205.600 through 205.606). The general rationale behind the National List is:

Nonsynthetic substances are allowed, unless they are prohibited

Synthetic substances are prohibited, unless they are explicitly allowed.

对作物和牲畜生产、加工处理和贮藏所使用的添加物、添加剂、药品以及各种成分都由“国家允许生产资料与禁止物清单”指定。“国家清单”背后所体现的基本原则是：

可使用非合成物，除非被禁止。

不可使用合成物，除非明确规定其可使用。

(7) Special attention has to be drawn to the fact that all inert ingredients have to be qualified as “Inerts of minimal concern” according to the list no.4 of the

US-Environmental Protection Agency (see the list under:

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8614851762.html,/opprd001/inerts/inerts_list4.pdf).

根据美国环保局所列表单中的第4条，对惰性成份合格的“微量惰性”须特别注意。

（8）The OMP has to be updated annually. At least one on-site inspection has to take place per year. The procedure for these follow-up inspections is the same as described above. Additional inspections may be performed, including unannounced visits.

有机物经营方案每年都更新，至少每年都有现场检查。

5. Eligibility, penalties (§205.662)

资格与处罚

Eligibility: Please be informed that any operator whose certification has been suspended by CERES may submit a request to the USDA-NOP Secretary for reinstatement of its certification. The request must be accompanied by evidence demonstrating correction of each noncompliance and corrective actions taken to comply with the National Organic Program.

资格：任何由CERES暂时取消其认证的经营者（业主）都可向USP－MOP秘书处提出申请以重新恢复对其的认证，但必需见此事通知我们。并且与此请求一起，必须开出已经整改了与NOP的不一致的地方以及遵从NOP标准所采取的整改措施的证明。

According to §205.662 a certified operation or a person responsibly connected with an operation whose certification has been revoked will be ineligible to receive certification for a period of 5 years following the date of such revocation, except, that, the NOP-Secretary may reduce or eliminate the period of ineligibility.

根据205.662，通过认证的公司或责任人与已被取消认证资格的公司（在撤消的五年时间里都没有认证的资格）互助合作。除非NOP秘书处减少或取消其不能接受认证资格的期限。

Penalties: In addition to suspension or revocation, any certified operation that:

处罚：除了接受暂时取消或撤消认证资格，任何认证公司要了解：

(1) Knowingly sells or labels a product as organic, which is not in accordance with the NOP requirements, shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 per violation.

其没有按NOP要求销售或标志有机产品时，每违反一条要受到10000美元以上的民事惩罚

(2) Makes a false statement under the Act to the Secretary, a State organic program's governing State official, or a certifying agent shall be subject to the provisions of section 1001 of title 18, United States Code. ）

如在秘书处的法规下造假，美国国家有机物管理办法的管理官员或认证代理将遵从美国法典的第1001章节的18条的规定对其进行处罚。

6. Emergency pest or disease treatment

突发瘟疫或疾病治疗

(a) Any harvested crop or plant part to be harvested that has contact with a prohibited substance cannot be sold, labeled, or represented as organically produced; and

任何接触到有害物物质的已收割谷物或植物不作为有机物产品出售，标注商品

(b) Any livestock that are treated with a prohibited substance applied or product derived from such treated livestock cannot be sold, labeled, or represented as organically produced: Except, that:

任何接受禁止药物治疗的牲畜或用其制成的食品也不能作为有机物产品出售、标注商品。

(1) Milk or milk products may be sold, labeled, or represented as organically produced beginning 12 months following the last date that the dairy animal was treated with the prohibited substance; and）

在产乳类动物接受禁止药物最后时间的前12个月内，牛奶或乳产品可以作为有机物出售，标注商品。

(2) The offspring of gestating mammalian breeder stock treated with a prohibited substance may be considered organic: Provided, that, the breeder stock was not in the last third of gestation on the date that the breeder stock was treated with the prohibited substance.

假如用来配种牲畜是在其怀胎的最后3个月内接受的禁止物，那么用来配种的哺乳动物的后代将不属于有机动物。