高中语法定语从句的详细讲解
定语从句详解与练习
（一）定义及相关术语
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词有when, where, why.
注意：关系代词与关系副词在定语从句中充当不同的句子成分，定语从句中缺主、宾、表，用关系代词；缺状语用关系副词，何为句子成分？
五大基本句
1. 主+ 谓（Vi）I come.
2. 主+ 谓（Vt）+ 宾I love you.
3. 主+ 谓（Vt）+ 间宾+ 直宾I give him a book.
4. 主+ 谓（Vt）+ 宾+ 宾补I make him happy.
5. 主+ 系+ 表I am tall.
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句
1．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语。
The house which is by the lake looks nice. （主）湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
This is the pen（which）he bought yesterday. （宾）这是他昨天买的钢笔。
She was fond of dancing, which her brother never was. (表) 她喜欢跳舞,她弟弟从不喜欢。2．that 指人/ 物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.（人主）每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
Where is the man（that）I saw this morning? （人宾）我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
He is no longer a little boy that he used to be.（人表）他已经不再是以前那个小男孩儿了。The season that comes after spring is summer. （物主）春天以后的季节是夏季。
The person （that）you introduced to me is very kind.（物宾）你介绍给我的那个人很友好。
3. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (主) 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
He is the man（who）I talked about to you.（宾）他就是我给你提到的那位男士。
He is no longer the man who he used to be. (表) 他不再是以前的那个他了。
4．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。
5．whose 指人/ 物，在定语从句中作定语，表所属，“……的”
I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. （人）我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。
I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. （物）我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。
特殊情况归纳总结
规则1：关系代词若在限制性定语从句中做宾语并且前面无介词时，关系代词可省略。
She is the woman (whom/ who/ that) I saw yesterday.
规则2：定语从句中的主谓一致
(1)关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致
I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you.
(2)one of + 复数名词+ 关系代词+ 复数动词
the only one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数动词，
Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam.
Tom is the only one of the boys who has passed the exam
(3)非限制性定语从句中，由关系代词as 或which代替整个主句时，从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
Great changes have taken place in China, as/ which is known to all.
规则3：定语从句中的关系代词只能用that 的情况
(1) 修饰词+ 先行词+ that
（the only, the very, any, few, the first, the best 等）
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.
The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
(2) 先行词为不定代词+ that
(everything, something, nobody, none, all, few, any等)
All that can be done has been done.
Is there anything that you want to buy?
(3)Who/ Which(主句的主语)……+ that (避免重复)
Who is the man that is standing there?
Which is the book that you bought yesterday?
(4) 先行词（人+物）+ that
We talked about the books and writers that we knew.
(5)有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经用了which,另一个则用that.
They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.
(6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，只用that.
Hangzhou is no more the city that it used to be.
规则4：定语从句中关系代词只能用which 的情况
(1)在引导非限制性定语从句时
______, which/ who/ who…….
The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
(2) in / on/ from (介词) + which / whom
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
He is the boy from whom I borrowed the book.
(3) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经用that,另一个则用which
规则5:指人时，定语从句中关系代词只能用who 的情况
(1)当先行词是anyone, those 时
Is there anyone who can help me?
(2) 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已经用that,另一个则用who
规则6: whose 既可以指人又可以指物，在定语从句中作定语，后跟名词。指物时，whose+名词=名词+of which= of which + 名词
The classroom whose door / the door of which / of which the door is broken is on the second floor. 规则7：as 和which的区别
(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以在主句前，也可以在主句后，有时还可以插入句中，意为“正如……,正像……”；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，译成“这”As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
Smoking is harmful to one’s health, as /which is known to all.
(2)特殊代词as 的用法
①. such……as……
I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.
②so……as……
I have never seen so clever a boy as he (is).
③.the same ……as…… (表同一类)/ the same……that……（表同一个）
This is the same pen as I lost last week.这只笔跟我昨天掉的那支笔一样。
This is the same pen that I lost last week.这支笔就只我昨天掉的那支笔。
规则8：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，指人时用whom, 指物时用which
某些带有介词的动词短语，介词可以提至关系代词前，但在一些固定搭配的短语动词中，由于动词和介词不可以分割，不能将介词置于关系代词之前。如take care of, look for, look after, care for等。
He is the boy from whom I borrowed the book.
He is the boy whom I borrowed the book from.
This is the book which/ that I am looking for.
（三）关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语；when=表示时间的介词（in/at/on/during…）+which.
I still remember the days when/during which I stayed in Beijing.(作状)
I still remember the days which/that we spent together.（作宾）
2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，where=表示地点的介词（in/at/on/under…）+which.
He showed me the place where/in which he lived.(作状)
This is the place which/that we visited last year.（作宾）
3. why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，why=表示原因的介词（for）+which
I don’t know the reason why/ for which he looks unhappy today. (作状)
The reason which/that you gave us was unacceptable. （作宾）
特殊情况归纳总结
规则1：the way 作先行词的时候，定语从句中不缺主、宾、表时，用in which, that, / 。定语从句中若缺主、宾、表，则用which, that。
The way (in which, that, /) he answered the questions was suprising.
The way (which , that) he explained to us was quiet simple.
规则2：一些特殊的先行词如situation, point, case, activity, scene, period, festival, occasion等
要注意具体情况具体分析，作主、宾、表时，用关系代词that/ which; 作状语时，用关系副词where/ when 或“介词+which”。
There is a point (that/ which) we must insist on.
We are just trying to reach a point (where/ at which) both sides will sit down together and talk.
注意：定语从句中的关系词选择规则：
作主、宾、表关系代词（which/that/who/whom/as）
作状语关系副词（where/when/why）
作定语关系代词（whose）
(四)定语从句和其他句型之间的区别
1. 定语从句与结果状语从句
He is such a good boy as everyone likes.
He is such a good boy that everyone likes him.
2. 非限制性定语从句与并列句
He said nothing, which made me angry.
He said nothing, and that made me angry.
There are two boys in Peter’s, both of whom are white.
There are two boys in Peter’s, and both of them are white.
3. 定语从句与地点状语从句
This kind of plant grows best at the place where it is warm and wet.
This kind of plant grows best where it is warm and wet.
4. 定语从句与名词性从句
As is known to us all, the light on the earth is given by the sun.
It is known to us all that the light on the earth is given by the sun.
What is known to us all is that the light on the earth is given by the sun.
5. 定语从句与强调句
It was a small village that / which we know.
It was in this small village that we got to know each other.
（五）检测:
(一)
1．This is the best factory ____we visited last year .
A. where
B. which
C. in which
D. that
2.Is this the factory ____computers are built ?
A. that
B. which
C. in which
D. in that
3.please pass me the dictionary ____cover is red .
A. whose
B.its
C. which
D. which of
4.The man ____has arrived .
A. whom I told you
B. that I told you
C. whom I told you about him
D. I told you about
5. Do you know the comrade ____we are talking ?
A. to whom
B. to who
C. whom
D. to that
6. They visited the house ___the great writer was born .
A. from where
B. in which
C. which
D. in where
7. The comrade ___is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .
A. whom
B. which
C. who
D. whose
8. He asked us to watch carefully everything ___he did in class .
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. where
9. I’ll visit the professor tomorrow ,___he will be back fro m Shanghai .
A. who
B. that
C. when
D. which
10.The school ___I study is a new one .
A. on which
B. at where
C. on that
D. at which
11. China has many islands,____the largest is Taiwan .
A. in which
B. at which
C. which
D. of which
12. The city ____my mother grew up is not far from here .
A. what
B. where
C. that
D. which
13. Our teacher lives in the house ____door faces to the north .
A. which
B. his
C. that
D. whose
14. Do you know the man ___your father nodded ?
A. whom
B. to whom
C. to who
D. about whom
15.Wrestling is a sport in ___people easily get hurt .
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. what
16. I told you ____I know .
A. all that
B. all which
C. all what
D. all whom
17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one ___is Lu Xun .
A. of which
B. of whom
C. of who
D. of them
18. Is this factory ____we visited last year ?
A. in which
B. around that
C. whom
D. the one
19. Who is the man ____was there ?
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. whom
20. Is there anything ____I can do for you, sir ?
A. that
B. which
C. whose
D. who
21. I still remember the day ____she first wore that green dress .
A. which
B. in which
C. on that
D. on which
22. The knife ____we used to cut the bread is very sharp .
A. with which
B. with it
C. with that
D. which
23. The games ____the young men competed in were difficult .
A. in which
B. which
C. it
D. who
24.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. it
25. George Mallory was an English school teacher _____ loved climbing.
A. who
B. whom
C. he
D. which
26.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.
A.of whom
B.whom
C.of whose
D.whose
27.She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.
A.it
B.which
C.this
D.that
28.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A.that
B.who
C.from whom
D.to whom
29.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect.
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.it
30.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A.which
B.where
C.that
D.when
31．Carol said the work would be done by October,______personally I doubt very much.
A. it
B.that
C.when
D.which
32．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course , made the others unhappy.
A．who B．which C．this D．what
33.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.
A.which price C.the price of which
C.its price
D.the price of whose
34._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A.As
B.It
C.That
D.Which
35.He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A.this
B.which
C.that
D.same
36.On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.
A.whose
B.of which
C.which
D.its
37.Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
A.what
B.which
C.that
D.when
38.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.
A.that
B.where
C.which
D.there
39.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.
A.in which
B.in that
C.in whose
D.whose
40.I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A.the way
B.the way in that
C.the way which
D.the way of which
41.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._______ I got wet through .
A.It’s the reason
B.That’s why
C.There’s why
D.It’s how
42.He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.
A.which I think is
B.which I think it is
C.which I think it
D.I think which is
43.He was very rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse.
A.who
B.whom
C.what
D.whcih
44.There are three bedrooms in the house,_____ is Mary's.
A the smallest of which
B the smaller of which
C the smallest of them
D the smallest one
45.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday,_____ it will be completely finished.
A by the time
B by which time
C by that time
D by this time
46.Alice has a large collection of phone,_____ was taken in london.
A none of them
B no one of which
C all of which
D none of which
47.With the fast development of agriculture, the people ____ village I taught before lived a happy life.
A who
B whose
C in whose
D in which
48.There is a moutain ____ the top is always covered with snow.
A whose
B of which
C it's
D that
49.She may have missed her train, in ____ case she won't arrive for another hour.
A what
B that
C which
D this
50.There are two thousand students in our school,____ are girls.
A two-thirds in which
B two-thirds in them
C two-thirds of them
D of whom two thirds （二）
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which
B. where
C. what
D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke
B. to who spoke
C. I spoke to
D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed
B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at
D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which
B. on which
C. in which
D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where
B. to which
C. which
D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place in the factory ____we are working since then.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year
B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year
D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked
B. which you talked
C. about that you talked
D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A.with which
B.in which
C.on which
D.by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom
B. who
C. which
D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A.to whom
B.on whom
C.with which
D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who
B. who's
C. which
D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that
B.all what
C. that
D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which
B. who
C. what
D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that
B. as
C. whom
D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with
B. with whom I went
C. with who I went
D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels
B. the such novels
C. such novels
D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons _______they remembered in the school.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them
B. which
C. whom
D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/
B./; whom
C. whom;/
D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title
B. its title
C. the title of it
D. the title of that
https://www.360docs.net/doc/871716381.html,st summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A.for which
B.for that
C.in which D what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A.when; which
B.which; when
C.what; that
D.on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which
B. whose
C. what
D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which
B. with which
C. that
D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A.after which I have looked
B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after
D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that
B. that; why
C. for that; hat
D. for which; what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that
B.which
C.for which
D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./
B.which
C.for which
D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which
B. either of which
C. both of that
D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A.as was
B. which was
C.as were
D. which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that
B. which
C. from that
D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. /
B. why
C. when
D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that
B. which
C. it
D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A.what; that
B. what; what
C. which; which
D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A.when; who
B.that; which
C. which; that
D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A.owns; are
B. owns; is
C. own; is
D. own; are
44. During the days ______, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A.followed
B.following
C.to follow
D.that followed
45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that
B. /
C. which
D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what
B. through which; what
C.through that; what
D. what; that
47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school
B. this the school
C. this school one
D. this school where
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as
B. that
C. what
D. who
49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them
B. neither of them
C. neither of which
D. none of which
50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being
B. has been
C. had been
D. have been
（三）
1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those ________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that
B. run; who
C. running; who
D. run; that
2. This is the case ________ he’s had all his money stolen.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. on which
3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. how
4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .
A. that the little girl asks him
B. the little girl asks him to
C. for the little girl to ask him
D. what the little girl asks him
5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.
A. which
B. in which
C. of which
D. whose
6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
A. when
B. that
C. what
D. which
7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whose
8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. what
9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. when
10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’s vast countryside.
A. as
B. when
C. until
D. before
11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.
A. It
B. As
C. Which
D. What
12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has a great effect on my life.
A. when, which
B. that, which
C. which, that
D. when, that
13. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.
A. that which
B. one that
C. that of which
D. this of which
14. There is no such place _____ you dream of in all this world.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. as
15. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all whose homes
B. all of whose homes
C. all their homes
D. all of their homes
16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who
B. when
C. on which
D. which
17. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where
B. that
C. the one that
D. the one where
18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.
A. when
B. that
C. who
D. where
19. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.
A. that
B. as
C. which
D. and
20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English.
A. that
B. this
C. which
D. same
（四）
1. Who is the woman is sweeping the floor over there?
A. who
B. /
C. that
D. when
2. The doctor is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him
B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to
D. who the nurse is talking
3. He talked about a hero no one had ever heard.
A. of whom
B. from whom
C. about that
D. who
4. Have you read the book I lent to you?
A. that
B. whom
C. when
D. whose
5. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ______ they can talk frequently.
A. who
B. as
C. about which
D. with whom
6. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low.
A. which price
B. the price of whose
C. its price
D. whose price
7. Lily, is Helen ______ you want to introduce me to?
A. that
B. who
C. whom
D. the girl
8. The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers ______ they had seen.
A. that
B. who
C. which
D. what
9. This is the only bus ______ goes to the village school.
A. /
B. that
C. where
D. it
10. Is there a shop around _______sells China Daily?
A. who
B. where
C. in which
D. which
11. She was the only one of the girls in our class _______ accepted as candidate for the president of our Students’ Union.
A. who was
B. who were
C. who has been
D. who have been
12. She is no longer the sweet little girl ______ she used to be.
A. what
B. who
C. when
D. that
2020考研语法指导：定语从句详解
2020考研语法指导：定语从句详解 定语从句是英语学习的难点，也是考研英语考查的重点。掌握考研英语的定语从句需要掌握以下几个方面： 一、定义 定语从句是指在句中做定语作用，修饰句中的名词或代词的从句，其中被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。 二、定语从句的结构 定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which , that, as 和关系副词when, where, why 等引导。 一）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1） who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中做主语和宾语。例如：Is he the m an who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中做主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中做宾语） （2） whose用作关系词表示所属格，也可看作是关系形容词，因 为它后面必须接一个名词连用。不能单独使用。例如:
? They rushed over to help the man whose car had broke n down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 (3) which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。作宾语时常可省略。例如： ? A prosperitywhich / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside? 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) 二)关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 (1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which ”结构，所以常常和“介词+ which ”结构交替使用。例如： There are occasionswhen (on which )one must yield? 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the placewhere in which ) I was born?北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why ( for which )he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们协助他的理由吗？ (2)that代替关系副词，能够用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which ”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：
考研英语翻译中定语从句的翻译技巧
考研英语翻译中定语从句的翻译技巧 导语：今天小编给大家带来了“考研英语翻译中定语从句的翻译技巧”，供大家阅读和参考。希望它对您有帮助。如果您喜欢这篇文章，请分享给您的好友。 根据我们的统计，从1994年开始到2006年13年的65道翻译题中总共出现了36处定语从句，占到了55.3%的比例，一半还要多的比例！因此定语从句的翻译的好坏直接影响到考研翻译的分数。所以定语从句翻译的好坏直接影响到广大考生考研翻译的分数我们知道，能够作定语的不仅是单词、词组和短语，还有从句也可以作定语，那么这种从句我们称之为定语从句。 英语中的定语从句起到了一个修饰的作用，作用相当于形容词，那么定语从句我们也称之为形容词性从句。同时，我们把定语从句分为两类，一是限制性定语从句，一类是非限定性定语从句。那么，什么是限定性定语从句，简单来讲就是对所修饰的先行词的意思加以限制，表示“….的人或是物”， 举个例子来说：He is a man whom you should marry. 在这个句子中，如果去掉定语从句whom you should marry. 这个句子意思就不完整，甚至可以说是不成立了。 而非限定性定语从句，顾名思义，这类定语从句对于所修饰的事物没有限制意义的作用，而起到一种补充说明和解释的作用，与主句的关系并不密切，拿掉非限定性定语从句，主句意思照样成立。 举个例子来说：He is my father, who love me deeply. 在这个句子中，如果去掉这个“who love me deeply.”非限定性定语从句，He is my father，这个主句照样成立，意思也不会受到太大影响。 而定语从句种类的不同，我们在翻译的时候采用的翻译方法也不尽相同。 一、前置法 当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单，或是较为简短时，我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。 我们看一个2003年的一个句子。 Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. 本句中the environment后面又跟了一个定语从句。大家看下他是什么定语从句，是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。限定性吧！它有什么特点呢，只有三个词，意义和结构都较为简单，因此我们在翻译的时候就要把它放在他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的'想法和想像。 再比如： 98 年71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 这个句子中That existed 15 billion years ago.是一个定语从句，其先行词是the patterns and structures.这个定语从句比较简单，我们可以直接将其翻译他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 二、单独成句 当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂，意义较为繁杂的时候，如果把它翻译在其修饰
高考近5年全国卷真题语法专项-定语从句
定语从句 一．考点概述： 本考点是历年高考中考查的重点，主要考查关系代词(who, which,that,whose,whom)和关系副词（when, where, why）的用 法；考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难 句的分析等 二．考点聚焦 功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 例如： He is the man who studies in USA. 本句中涉及到三个概念： 1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样 可作先行词。 2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用 引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词 关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom 关系副词：when;where;why 3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。 三．考点精讲 1. 关系代词 : who;which; that; whom; whose 其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况 (1)who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)
She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语) (2)which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语） That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (3)that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语） She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语) (4)whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。 She is the girl who/whom I teach in China.(从句缺宾语) That is the man whom teaches us English.(从句缺主语,本句用whom是错误的) (5)whose:指代从句中缺定语的情况（表示所属关系） That is the building whose windows broke last night.(本句中的windows是属于 the building构成一种所属关系即缺少building’s) 2.关系副词：when;where;why(该三个词主要用于从句是不缺主语或是宾语的情况 即从句是个完整句) (1) when:指代先行词表时间如：time；month;year;occasion等(形式上等于介词 +which) I still remember the day when /on which I came to Beijing.(该从句是一个完整的句子，先行词是the day在从句中需要加个介词on来做状语的成分即I came to Beijing on the day) (2)where :指代先行词是地点的词如：place;house;school;也可以是模糊的词如：point;stage;work;situation等(形式上等于介词+which) That is the place where/in which I was born .(该从句I was born也是一个完整句，即不缺主语或宾语的，此时where可以换成in which) (3)why:指代先行词是表原因的词即：reason（形式上只能是等于for+which) That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.
高中定语从句详细讲解讲课教案
高中定语从句详细讲 解
高中定语从句详细讲解 （一）定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。 This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的钢笔。 The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
英语语法讲解之定语从句
英语语法讲解之定语从句 时间：2016-08-12作者：来源：学习方法网 一．几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why 5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用)： ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型： ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 The man who you’re talking to is my friend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 The man to whom you’re talking is my friend. I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
2020考研英语：易混语法解析(三).doc
2020考研英语：易混语法解析(三) 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由我为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：易混语法解析(三)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯! 2020考研英语：易混语法解析(三) ⑴定语从句 从定义来看，能充当定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句通常对名词起修饰、限定作用。它的构成如下：先行词+关系词+从句。其中，被定语从句修饰的名词称为先行词连接先行词和定语从句的连词称为关系词，分为关系代词，如who, whom ,what, whose, that等关系副词when, where, why.句子中的关系词该用关系代词，还是关系副词，取决于句子缺什么成分，缺主语、宾语和定语，用关系代词缺状语，用关系副词。 ⑵同位语从句 能充当同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。通常后面的从句能对前面的名词起一个解释、说明的作用。它的构成也是：名词+关系词+从句。通常，后面的从句解释说明前面的名词内容。 ⑶区别 看到这里，不少同学会发现，定语从句和同位语从句的构成非常相似，都是“名词+关系词+从句”的结构。那它们岂不是没有区别了?不对，肯定是有区别的，否则不都可以称为一个从句了?何还费事的取两个名字呢?那区别在哪呢?定语从句中，关系词引导的从句是一个不完整的从句，即从句中是缺少成分的，缺少什么成分决定了使用什么关系词而同位语从句中，关系词引导的从句是完整的句子，不缺少成分。 例：①He told me the news that is surprising. ②He told me the news that the plane is exploded.
九年级英语语法定语从句专题复习
定语从句专题复习 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose(一般指人), that（指人或物）, which(指物)等。 关系副词有： when（时间）, where(地点), why（原因）等。 （1）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ① who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you 他就是你想见的人吗（who / that在从句中作主语） He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/who/that在从句中作saw的宾语,可以省略） ② whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose/of which cover（封面）is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 ③ which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： Rosa likes music that/which is quite and gentle.（which / that在句中作宾语）This is the book (that/which) I'm looking for.（which / that在句中作look for 的宾语） （2）关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 ① when, where, why 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用，例如： Do you remember the day when I saw you(你还记得我见到你的那一天吗) Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗 ② that代替关系副词 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 （3）判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，
(完整word)高中定语从句全面详细讲解
高中定语从句详细讲解 一:定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有 when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如： The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中， who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。 译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的” 关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略B．可用that C．可用who 代替whom 非限制性定语从句 形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。 关系词的使用上：A．不可省略B．不用that C．不可用who 代替whom 限制性定语从句举例：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。 非限制性定语从句举例： His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。 三:关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。 The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。 4．That 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？ The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。 5．Whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。 I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
定语从句语法讲解教学内容
Unit 9语法导学案：定语从句专题讲解 基本概念: 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is th^ouse where h e lived ten years ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先 二、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who （宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系畐寸词包括where, when，why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语 从句的重要成分。定语从句的谓语动词由先行词来决定。 三、定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性 定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that 作主语）The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。 （that作宾语） 2. which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The buildi ng which sta nds n ear the train stati on is a supermarkets 于火车站附近的那
考研英语语法之定语从句详解
考研英语语法之定语从句详解 考研英语语法体系中包含了三大从句，其中定语从句是考频最高的一种，且也是最重要的一种，在各个题型中都有所体现。因此在基础阶段各位考生一定要学会在长难句中如何快速的识别定语从句。 一、定语从句的构成：先行词（所修饰的名词）+关系代词/关系副词（从属连词）+从句 二、定语从句的类型：根据从属连词的不同可以将定语从句分为三种类型：关系代词引导的定语从句，关系副词引导的定语从句，和as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 who/whom 修饰人 which 修饰物 that，whose 修饰人或物 在这一类从句中需要注意的是关系代词在句子中所起的作用。首先，关系代词连接主句和从句；其次关系代词指代所修饰的先行词；最后关系代词往往在从句中做主语或者宾语，且做主语时关系代词不能省略，做宾语时可以省略。 例1：He who laughs last laughs best.（笑到最后的人笑得最美。） 分析：who引导定语从句修饰主句的主语he，且在从句中做主语，不能省略。 例2：He is collecting authentic material which can prove his argument.（他正在收集确凿的证据以证明他的观点。） 分析：that引导定语从句修饰名词material，且在从句中做主语，不能省略。 例3：The house (which) we bought last month is very beautiful.（我们上周买的这套房子很漂亮。） 分析：which引导定语从句修饰名词house，且在从句中做宾语，可以省略。 例4：The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside.（妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。） 分析：whose引导定语从句修饰表示人的名词the girl，且在从句中做主语，不可以省略。 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 when 修饰表示时间的名词，在从句中做时间状语。 where 修饰表示地点场合的名词，在从句中做地点状语 why 修饰表示原因的名词，在从句中做原因状语 whereby 修饰表示方式或方法的名词，在从句中做方式状语 前三种关系副词在考研英语中出镜率比较高，最后一种不太常见，容易被考生忽略。关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 例1：The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments when the pictures speak for themselves. (播音员必须懂得沉默的价值，懂得在画面不需要解释说明的时刻如何利用沉默。) 分析：when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的名词moments，在从句中做时间状语。 例2：When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operation is established where time lose due to injuries is kept at a minimum.（工作完成后，一种无事故操作的环境被建立起来，在这种环境中，由于伤害造成的时间损失被保持在最低水平。） 分析：where引导定语从句修饰表示场合的名词climate，在从句中做地点状语。
2020届 二轮复习语法专项定语从句学案 (1)
定语从句
必备知识梳理考点一关系代词引导的定语从句： 一．who、whom、whose引导的定语从句
1.who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中可作主语也可作宾语，whom 在从句中只作宾语，两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语 时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. (2017全国卷阅读七选五) Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. 2.whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于 of which，指人时相当于of whom。 (2016全国二卷阅读理解) I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect other students. 二．that、which引导的定语从句 1.which指物，常在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物 均可，常在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。 She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before. (2016天津卷阅读表达) Every day I practiced reading and writing, which I used to avoid as much as possible. 2.限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况： (1).先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、 all、some、none、little few、the one等时； I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. (2).先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或其前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时； The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. (3).先行词被the only、the very、the last、any、every、each、few、
(新)高中定语从句要点讲解
定语从句三部曲 1. 找出先行词； 2. 确定先行词在从句中的成分：主语，宾语， 状语； 3. 选择正确的关系词。 几个关系代词的基本用法 that that: 可指人或物；可作主语，宾语。 指人时，相当于who或whom； 指物时，相当于which A letter ________ is written in pencil is difficult to read. Do you know the gentleman _________spoke just now? What is the question ________they are talking about? Here is the man ______________you want to see. 只能用that 不能用which的情况 1.先行词为不定代词时：all, much, everything, anything, nothing, something, none, the one. 2.先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等修饰时； 3.先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时； 4.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时； 5.先行词既有人又有物时； 6.先行词是数次时；(two, ten, a hundred) 7.如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免重复； 8.疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复； 9.主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词； 10.被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。(主语+be+n. /adj.; 主语+系动词+adj.) 即学即用 1. The writer and his novel ____ you have just talked about is really well known . 2. The most important thing ____ should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. 3. The last place ____ we visited was the chemical works. 4. There's nothing ____ can be said about it . 5. This is the third film ____ has been shown in our school this term. 1. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two ____are still alive.