英语BP辩论反方一辩辩论稿

反方一辩：

Respected judicators, Ladies and gentlemen, good evening!

In the first part of my speech, I would like to make my rebuttal. Patents do not costs lives, they save more.Our government side have proposed a radical solution to their problem: they want to ignore intellectual property, one of our most important constructs to encourage innovation. On the opposition, we believe the status quo of allowing a medicine company to patent something and profit from it is necessary for them to have an incentive and ability to create life-saving medicines now and in the future, and it is saving lives in the long-term that concerns us.

Now I’d like to provide my statements. This house would not abolish patents for life-saving medicines. For the first reason, it takes away the Incentive to Produce Life-saving medicines.Ron Pollack said,The pharmaceutical industry's repetitious cry that research and development would be curtailed if medicine prices are moderated is extraordinarily misleading.

Yes, research and development costs money. Yet only 14% of pharmaceuticals' budgets go to research and development. Reports have linked "high medicine prices to advertising, profits and enormous executive salaries. The report documents that medicine companies are spending more than twice as much on marketing, advertising, and administration.”

Firms are incentivized to undertake research in life-saving drugs because now they have a guaranteed return on their R&D investment. Regardless of the course of drug production and distribution they will be profit from their research.

In addition , Scientists are principally motivated by the desire for peer recognition and also by the fact that they want to have achieved something more with their lives than reduce some teenager’s pimples by 30%. We are not dissuading research into live-saving illnesses we’re invigorating it by offering inciting profit that is tied to results and is cost-effective.

Creating a brand new medicine requires enormous amounts of money and failed attempts, and therefore involves a large amount of risk. If a person can't be guaranteed some kind of control or return to that risk and expense, they are unlikely to want to invest in it. In particular, if a medicine company can make more money by patenting medicines that cure hair loss, they will take that option.

For the second aspect, consequences of the loss of incentives is awful.Medicine companies are trying to develop cures for cancer, diabetes and more, and will likely want to develop more cures for illnesses that come up in the future, as they did for swine flu, if they can get a return on the investment. If there is not a significant return to investment, a company will not bother to continue to research and develop these medicines. Even if the current medicines were released for generic development, lack of future medicines would cost far more lives in the long run, and save money on alternative treatments.

Furthermore, most things that cause illness, such as viruses and bacteria, develop so that they can resist medicines. We have seen this in the case of the increased ineffectiveness of antibiotics. Prop

wants to change the focus of medicine production from the development of new medicines to the cheaper production of medicines that already exist. This will happen because any start-up company or investor in the medicines industry will see that it is cheaper to simply create the medicines, rather than put money into research and development, which is the most expensive part of the medicines creation process. If there is a greater focus on this, then less new medicines will be created to combat the illnesses. This structure begins to look very flawed as the illnesses develop resistances to old medicines. There needs to be a continuing incentive to create new medicines for any illness, not to simply focus on old medicines being created in larger, cheaper amounts. It is worth slightly more expensive medicines if new innovation is constantly able to happen.

In conclusion, if we abolish those patents,no one would continue researching and developing new medicines,thus,abolishing patents for life-saving medicines seems to save more lives at the beginning, it would kill more lives in the long run.

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英语辩论常用语 Honorable judges, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen..... Ways to open a debate ?To set the framework for our opinion, we believe it is necessary to state… ?We would like to introduce our stand by giving the following definitions. … ?In order to effectively debate this topic, we would like to propose…. ? A number of key issues arise which merit (deserve) closer examination. ?We will elaborate one of the most striking features of this problem, namely… ?In the first place we would like to make clear that…. The main argument focuses on…. 1.Giving Reasons and offering explanations: ?To start with…, ?The reason why..., ?That's why..., ?For this reason..., ?That's the reason why..., ?Many people think...., ?Considering..., ?Allowing for the fact that..., ?When you consider that..., ? 2.Asking for an opinion from the other party ?I would be glad to hear your opinion of … 我很乐意听听你对……的意见。 ?Are you of the same opinion as me? 你与我的看法一致吗？ ?I was wondering where you stood on the question of … 我想知道你对……问题怎么看。 ?well…what do you think (about ?Do you agree? (don't you agree?)你同意吗?(你是不是同意?) ?What's your view on the matter?就这件事你的看法呢? how do you see it?你怎么看它? ?let‘s have your opinion.让我们听听你的意见！ ?do you t hink that…?你认为…吗 3.Stating an opinion陈述观点 ?I think..., In my opinion..., I believe… ?I'd like to point out that我想指出的是… ?Speaking for myself站在自己的立场上说… ?In my experience…根据我的经验… ?I'd like to say this：…我会这样说… ?I suppose..., ? I'd rather..., I'd prefer...,

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辩论赛四辩的总结陈词当一场辩论赛进行到总结阶段时，正反双方的四辩都要进行4分钟的总结陈词，在总结时要梳理全场的脉络，找出交锋点，而后指出对方在此犯下的错误，再提出正确的理解，最后从更高的角度阐述己方的理由。下面是辩论赛四辩的总结陈词，欢迎阅读参考。辩论赛四辩的总结陈词主席，评委，各位同学，大家好! 刚才我方队友已经从理论和事实等几个方面阐明了“心中的秘密应该告诉家长”，下面，我将再一次归纳总结我方观点。第一，家长是我们的第一任启蒙老师，是他们教会了我们走路、写字和做人。他们给予我们的爱最无私、最宽广!所以，我们和他们之间就要象好朋友一样，手相牵、心相融、同甘苦、共患难。那么，我们还需要保有秘密，向他们隐瞒吗?! 第二，由于我们年龄小、阅历浅、社会经验不够丰富，许多事情我们无法准确判断是非曲直。分析问题、解决问题的能力也不足以应变我们可能遇到的突发事件。一旦那些不利于成长的秘密埋藏在心中生根发芽，就会给我们的学习乃至于生活造成很大的影响，会造成我们思想的偏激、行为的叛逆，甚至会让我们误入歧途! 第三，心中的秘密往往是青春的躁动，不要误以为家长与我们之间存在“代沟”无法沟通。这些秘密同龄人固然能够分享，但他们都缺乏解决这些事情的能力，我们还是需要“曾经沧海”的家长来给我们排解、疏导。我们把心中的秘密和困惑向家长倾诉，他们会以“过来人”的身份提出更合理的意见和建议，从而驱除我们心中的阴霾。第四，随着我们渐渐长大，越来越多的“独立自我”的思想会让我们自以为成熟了，却不知这也正是我们最容易陷入泥潭沼泽的紧要关口!要相信家长，有至亲至爱的他们为我们“把关”，帮助我们树立正确的人生观与价值观，才不会让我们身陷沼泽，无法自拔! 倾诉会让我们的性格更乐观，交流会让我们的心理更健康，没有秘密会让我们的生活更阳光!把秘密藏在心里，就像墙角的花朵，只能孤芳自赏，独自枯萎;只有把心里的秘密告诉家长，才能百花盛开，春色满园! 把心中的秘密告诉家长，他们会借给我们一双慧眼，让我们在人生的旅途上走得更远，更安全;把心中的秘密告诉家长，他们会给予我们一双翅膀，让我们在自由的天空中飞得更高，更坚强! 谢谢大家! 辩论赛四辩的总结陈词对方辩友强调现代社会合作比竞争更重要，未免夸大其词。我们没有永恒的敌人，但我们有永恒的国家和民族利益，为维护我们的利益，只有竞争才是最有效的方式。我想再一次强调现代社会竞争比合作更能使社会发展：第一，竞争是现代社会发展的根本动力。马克思主义哲学原理有言：矛盾是事物发展的动力与源泉，是事物的对立统一，具有同一性和斗争性。而同一性，即合作，是有条件的，暂时的;斗争性，即竞争，是绝对的，无条件的。社会进步意味着什么，意味着生产力的发展，而生产力的发展最终还是要靠竞争来推动的。合作只是推动社会发展的必要的催化剂。第二，竟争能确保一个效率优先兼顾公平的社会。通过政治竞争促进权利的公正运用;通过文化竞争明辩人类精神的真善美等等。而面对社会主义市场经济这一社会发展的高级阶段，“效率优先，兼顾公平”已经成为人们日理万机的原则。“兼顾公平”是让社会在发展中不扭曲，而“效率优先”才是发展所需的那个推力。那么懒惰与依赖是效率的体现吗?当然不是。是竞争的危机感，是竞争的优胜劣汰，它沉淀出胜者，使社会变得更加强大，它提炼出精华使发展充满生机。我方承认，合作也能促进社会发展，但合作保证的是社会发展的一个稳定环境，是在某特定时刻减少社会极大消耗，防止社会因特定时期的特定原因倒退;而竞争却在推动并使其前进这一点上做的更为突出!试问一个事物的发展，要从其根本原因，根本动力乃至实质上将其解决，那么谁的推动力更大?再请问，面对生产力这一人与自然竞争的结果，在它推动历史发展的昨天，今天和明天，又有谁对它的地位能够产生怀疑?相信在座的各位对这两点都有明确的答案。因为竞争远比合作更能促进社会的发展!华谈到这里，在今天的比赛中，我方的阐述即将结束，和正方的竞争也会在几分钟后有一个结果。辩论的发展不能靠我与我方辩友的讨论而前进，而是在我们的竞争中升华!社会因人类的拼搏与努力而不断向前迈进，身处现实中的我们为谋求生存与发展也与周围一切事物不断的进行着或明或暗的较量。身上的压力常常让身负重任的我们郁闷，烦躁，甚至无法呼吸，但我们从不无谓的哭泣。因为社会与个人的发展都在给我们的努力以肯定，都是给我们所做的竞争以鼓励!所以我们无怨无悔，所以我们巍然屹立，所以我们更将阔步向前! 辩论赛四辩的总结陈词谢谢主席、各位评委及观众，也很感谢对方辩友的精彩表现。几轮唇枪舌战结束，我方观点仍并为所动，并非对方辩友不努力，而是对方的观点实在不足取信。在现实的社会环境中，不以立业为先而奢谈成家者，往往悲哀地陷入两难境地：或者身心俱疲、苦不堪言;或者劳燕分飞、家破业亡。让我们从现实的角度来看立业与成家。伟大导师马克思提出过劳动的异化理论，人创造了劳动又为劳动所统治，立业也属于劳动，于是人受到立业的约束，不得不先立业以完成个人自身的救赎，然后再寻求家庭的组建。请问对方辩友，社会现实的天平都如此倾向“先立业后成家”，对方辩友不懈的努力是否太过单薄呢? 立业还是成家，这不是一道单选题，而只是请你排序。未立寸业而草率成家，则只能在描绘未来美好蓝图时苍白地承诺“ihaveadream”;立一方之业而后家成，却可以对伴侣甜蜜地保证“yeswecan”。立业是一块考量人能否真正成为社会人、拥有社会生存能力的试金石，达尔文的理论说明择偶成家也需要竞争，那么你是愿意选择一个苗而不秀银样蜡枪头，还是真切地能够把面包和玫瑰都带回家的人，通过立业状态可以给你想要的答案。在事业的面前我们可以选择跌倒再爬起来，因为那付出的成本尚可接受;但是在婚姻的面前我们往往难以大度地接受再来一次。先立业不仅可以培养一个人的责任感，使其懂得珍惜与拥有，更可以让其在这一过程中审慎思考人生与世界，让之后的成家更稳固、更和谐，让事业更好更强大。可见，先立业后成家，让您收获的不只是未来事业成就的满足，更有温馨甜蜜的家庭归属。不论你现在有没有男女朋友，希望你都可以在立业后对他/她说：“让我们结婚吧。”再次感谢大家对我方观点的支持。辩论赛四辩的总结陈词本场辩论中，对方辩友自始至终都认为：网络语言过于粗鄙，对我国博大精深的文化是一种侵害，是一种污蔑。一句广告词说得好“酒不会犯错，但人会。车不会犯错，但人会。”如果一位学富五车的教授去使用网络语言，那它会是脏话连篇吗?所以，如何去使用网络语言取决于人，人的使用不当永远不是网络语言的错误。对方辩友还认为：如果没有枪，枪就不会伤人。难道走路会跌倒，人人就要脚不触地吗?而且，正因为枪会伤人，我们才要管制它。网络语言使用不当，会造成伤害别人，语意模糊种种恶果。所以，问题的重中之重是我们要想方设法合理使用网络语言。我方辩友提到了网络语言简洁明了、生动有趣的特点，为什么你们总是视而不见?另外，网络语言追求简洁，标榜个性的特点，不是暗合了当今社会的特点吗?试想一下，当你面对一款又肥又大不合身的旧款衣物和一款又轻又小很合身的新款衣物，你会像现在这么执着的选择旧的吗?如果你的网友们不约而同的使用了那些时髦的网络语言，你还在规规矩矩的使用书面语言，那你就会因不合群而遭到排斥。所以网络语言的使用已是大势所趋。而且，对于那些喜欢标新立异的年轻人来说，他们也需要一个能够令自己的想象力尽情发挥的平台呀!他们也需要一种属于自己的，独一无二的交流方式呀!他们对网络语言的强烈需求也就证明了网络语言的正确性与合理性。对方辩友认为网络语言会使代沟产生那是对我方观点的曲解，网络语言顾名思义，就是针对网民应运而生的语言，我们并没有说要让所有人使用网络语言，那些经常上网的年轻人使用它就足矣。难道我们的家长说的地地道道的青岛话就不会产生代沟吗?凡事都不能停滞不前，为数不少的网络语言赋予了汉字新的含义，这难道不是汉语的发展与进步吗?也许，网络语言会带动书面语言大步前进，碰撞出新的火花，创造出新的文化。不可否认，网络语言存在缺点与不足，但任何事情都是这样，因噎废食只是下下策。今天我们这番唇枪舌战，只不过为了发现问题。令辩友们欣喜的是，我们发现了问题。但应令我们思考的是，解决问题的道路还很长很长。我们不会抛弃一个还不会走路的襁褓中的婴儿，因为他终究会走，终究会跑。我们应该尽自己的绵薄之力，创造一个支点，想办法撬起一个地球，让涓涓细流汇成大海，让每一位人献出自己的力量，等待着它飞奔的那一天。辩论赛四辩的总结陈词谢谢主席，大家好。听了对方辩友的慷慨激昂的陈词，我终于发现，不管是对方辩友还是我方，还是全场的在座的各位，我们都同样心怀着对社会进步，对人类幸福的美好追求，正因为如此，我方才深深感到为了我们这一共同的追求我方必须让大家看到，利与义于人类社会的本质意义何在? 首先，我想我要进一步阐述我方观点，我方认为见死不救应该入罪是具有立法依据的，在开篇我方一辨就明确表明一个观点：人们的内心约束是有限的，利用法的强制性有利于保护人民利益维护社会公序良俗，所以当对方辩友口口声声说见死不救仅仅是道德沦陷，是否有想过这种所谓的“道德沦丧”的根本原因是由于法律的缺失。况且“见死不救”已不只是一个道德罪行，更是具有极大社会危害性质的怠责行为。任何公民的生命权利都受到法律保护，见死不救行为人通过不作为的形式，促成自然力或者他人的行为剥夺特定人的生命，这其实是一种间接非法侵犯他人生命的犯罪。在辩论过程中我方通过大量道理和极具代表性的事例阐述观点。循序渐进，由浅入深。具体概括有三点：第一，当今道德的滑坡是实际存在的，并不是个案炒作的放大;第二，从必要性看，道德约束具有软弱性，见死不救的怠责行为对处于险境的人造成的后果是极其严重的，需要法律的强制约束;第三，从可行性看，很多法律法条都是由道德上升而成，我们不能因为操作上的一点困难就因噎废食。纵观全场比赛，我方一不小心抓住了对方辩友的诸多问题。由于时间有限，我只列举几个较为严重的。 1.定义的问题：对方辩友没有理解见死不救的概念。从而认为见死不救的危害性不大 2，偷换概念：没有把握这场辩论赛的重心。这次辩题是见死不救，不是见义勇为。 3，以偏概全：对方以偏概全实在是盲人摸象，一叶障目4，恶意逃避：对方反复对见死不救的危害性避而不谈，屡屡逃避我方问题，是不是对方自认理亏呢? 美国比较法学家和法制史学家伯尔曼曾经说过：法律必须被信仰否则就形同虚设。法律作为调整人们的行为规范的经过规范的程序，具有确定性和保障性，这与道德解释的随意性，不可预测性与依靠内心的自律性是不可同日而语的，因此法律在当今的法治社会里，必须被信仰，在社会的各种规范中占据主导地位。当见死不救问题不断出现，生命被淡漠，我方坚持认为仅仅靠道德的约束和有限的法律责任是远远不够的，惟有施以全面的法律手段方能惩治这种极大社会危害性的冷漠和怠责行为。最后，我再次重申一次我方观点，见死不救应该入罪!谢谢!

英国议会制辩论讲座(BP制) - 第七讲反驳

I. Definition o f r efutation Notes A. Refutation i nvolves o ne d ebater directly r esponding t o a n argument o f a n o pposing d ebater. B. Refutation i nvolves a d ebater objecting t o a n a rgument r aised by s omeone o n t he o ther s ide. II. Purpose o f r efutation A. To d eny a c ompeting a rgument B. Weaken o r e ven d estroy a n argument C. To f orce t he o riginal d ebater t o generate a b etter a rgument. III. Methods o f r efutation A. Internal m ethod—considering t he standards o f g ood a rguments 1. Acceptability o f e vidence 2. Relevance o f l ink 3. Sufficiency o f l ink B. External m ethod 1. Creating c ounter a rguments 2. Objecting t o o pposing a rguments with a rguments o f y our o wn * C reated S eptember 2012 反驳的定义反驳涉及到一个辩手直接就对方辩手的论点做出反应反驳涉及到一个辩手反对对方辩手所主张的论点反驳的目的否认争议中的论点弱化甚至摧毁一个论点迫使原来（提出旧论点）的辩手提出更好的论点反驳方法内部手段：从论证逻辑角度加以批驳证据的可接受性逻辑链的关联性　逻辑链的充分性ＲＡＳ三角：良好论点所应符合的特征可接受性关联性充分性外部手段建立相抗论点以我方既有论点反驳对方论点

英语辩论赛常用词汇和表达法汇总辩论赛EnglishdebatingCompetition

英语辩论赛常用词总法汇表达汇和辩论赛English debating Competition 辩论赛事debating event 决赛grand final 打分score the competition t he definition 主办 h ost\manage 正方pro side 定义要合理会制辩论preliamentary 反方con side 议 should be reasonable 正方一辩the first debater 素材要有说服力matter debating style 赛preliminary debate of pro side should be persuasive 循环淘汰赛elimination debate 反方一辩the second debater 没有平局there is no draws 八分之一决赛octofinals of con side in competitive competition t imekeeper 一辩：first debater 四分之一决赛quarterfinals 计时员半决赛semifinals 二辩：second debater ，my fellow debaters 对方辩友，Honorable judges, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen..... 开始的陈词如果想要驳斥对方的逻辑，进设：according to your logic You are missing the point ！（你行假意，要用没有说重点！你没有围绕中心！即，他在钻洞子，这个时候他很有可能会说漏。注 are，不能说成Y ou're，因为这样语气，士气就没有了。） You just don't understand what we talked about ！（你根本就没有明白我们刚说了什么！即：误解了，曲解了） You know what? You are straying from the main point ！你知道吗？你已经跑题了！（也要注意，都用You are）自由辩论的阶段，可以在他在说的时候，插进去，说“W ait！Wait！You just said??，did you？”（当然这句话要用在，你发现对方说的不正确时~~） You are generalizing what I asked ！(你在以偏盖全！即：我要你回答这个，但对方你绕过去了！) Please ask my question！（请不要回避我的问题！请你回答！！）正方affirmative 反方negative 辩题topic /issue 校园辩论赛academic debate /辩护 a dvocate 辩手歧义ambiguity 位) 主事者agent of change(负责采取正方计划的人或单 a rgument 辩论argumentation (正式)辩论debate 论点，论据断言assertion b acking 佐证 "Balance of arguments" judge 裁判式评判人员 "Better job of debating" judge 评审式评判人员 d ata,也作ground 推定presumption c laim 交锋c lash 资料主张 g oals 通案反驳off-case 命题proposition e vidence 目标论据 Refutation 反驳Stock issues 核心议题Topicality 合题性W arrant