高中英语被动语态详解
被动语态详解
语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
A. 十种常见时态的被动语态
1. 一般现在时
主动语态：do
被动语态：amisare done
We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。
The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。
Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。
Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。
Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗
2. 一般过去时
主动语态：did
被动语态：waswere done
We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。
The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。
Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？
How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱？
3. 一般将来时
主动语态：willshall do
被动语态：willshall be done
We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。
The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。
Will the school sports meeting be held next week？校运动会将在下星期举行吗？
When shall we be given a lecture on the Internet 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座？
4. 一般过去将来时
主动语态：would do
被动语态：would be done
We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。
We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。
He said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。
She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。
I wasn't told that I should be invited to the party. 没人告诉我要被邀请出席晚会。
5. 现在进行时
主动语态：amisare doing
被动语态：amisare being done
We are cleaning the classroom now. 我们现在正在打扫教室。The classroom is being cleaned now. 教室现在正在被打扫。
A hospital is being built in the centre of the town. 镇中心正在兴建一家医院。
Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse 这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
How is the new teaching method being tried there 那里是怎样试行这种新教学方法的？
6. 过去进行时
主动语态：waswere doing
被动语态：waswere being done
We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。
The classroom was being cleaned this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫
The teaching plan was being discussed at that time. 那时正在讨论教学计划。
Was the TV set being fixed this time yesterday 昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗？
The house was being painted when we arrived at his home. 我们到他家时，他家房子正在粉刷。
7. 现在完成时
主动语态：hashave done
被动语态：hashave been done
The classroom looks tidy. We have cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫了。
The classroom looks tidy. It has been cleaned. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫了
Many foreign films have been shown on TV since last month. 上个月以来，电视中播放了许多外国影片。
The radio has not been turned on yet. 收音机还没开。
Has a new training centre been set up in our town 我们镇上新的培训中心建好了吗？
8. 过去完成时
主动语态：had done
被动语态：had been done
The classroom looked tidy. We had cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫过了。
The classroom looked tidy. It had been cleaned. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫过了。
His newly written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month.上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。
She told me that she had been dismissed by her boss. 她告诉我，她的老板已把她解雇了。
Her homework had not been finished when I got home. 我到家的时候，她的作业还没有完成。
9. 将来完成时
主动语态：willshall have done
被动语态：willshall have been done
We will have cleaned the classroom by five o'clock. 我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。
The classroom will have been cleaned by five o'clock. 教室
将在五点以前打扫完。
The new books will have been entered in the register before another parcel arrives. 这些新书在下一批书到来前将登记完毕。
How many expressways will have been completed by the end of next year 到明年年底将建成多少条高速公路？
Before you return my work will have been done. 你回来前我的工作将会做完。
10. 过去将来完成时
主动语态：would have done
被动语态：would have been done
I said we would have cleaned the classroom by 500. 我说我们将在五点之前打扫完教室。
I said the classroom would have been cleaned by 500. 我说教室将在五点以前打扫完。
The headmaster said the article would have been translated by the end of next month. 校长说文章将在下月底翻译好。
The day was drawing near when the dam would have been completed. 大坝完工的日子不远了。
He told me that preparations would have been finished by 600. 他告诉我准备工作将在六点前完成。
B. “get+过去分词”结构
被动语态除常用“be +过去分词”构成外，还可用“get+过去分词”结构。这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果。
The boy got hurt when he was riding to school. 那孩子骑车上学时受伤了。
Did your letter get answered 你收到回信了吗？
注意：
用“get+过去分词”结构时，其后的动作执行者（即by短语）一般不表示出来。
Finally his bike got repaired. 最后他的自行车得到了修理。
As I passed by, my skirt got caught on a nail. 我经过的时候，我的裙子被钉子挂住了。
C．“seemappear +过去分词”结构
有时“seemappear +过去分词”也可以构成被动语态。
She seemed annoyed by his words. 她似乎被他的话搞得很恼火。
The house appears deserted. 这房子好像没人居住。
提示：
并不是所有的“be+过去分词”结构中的be都能被get或seem, appear等词代替。
【误】She got born in a small village.
【正】She was born in a small village. 她出生在一个小村庄。
【误】The old man got offered a large sum of money. 【正】The old man was offered a large sum of money. 这位老人获得了一大笔钱。
【误】Colin got caught cheating in the exam.
【正】Colin were caught cheating in the exam. 科林考试作弊被抓住了。
D．被动语态中常用的介词
1．by表示动作的执行者或施加者
By whom is the book written 这本书是谁写的？
The children were driven indoors by the rain. 孩子们被雨赶进了室内。
2．with表示用某种工具
The wolf was killed with a gun. 狼被枪打死了。
The field was spread with wild flowers. 田野里野花遍地。3．from表示源于某种物质（看不出原材料）
Good wine is made from grain. 好酒是粮食制成的。
4．of表示用某种材料制成（看得出原材料）
The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是用木头做的。
5．其他介词
You are wanted on the phone. 有电话找你。
He is known to everybody. 大家都认识他。
She was caught in the rain. 她遭雨淋了。
注意：
动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示，但被动语态句子中的by短语并不总是表示动作执行者。
A policeman is known by the clothes he wears. 警察可以通过他的服装辨认出来。（by表示方式）
He was much flattered by her asking him to dinner. 她邀请他吃晚饭，他受宠若惊了。（by表示原因）
The snow was piled high by the gate. 门口雪堆积得很高。（by 表示地点）
二、被动语态的用法
英语中，大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是，被动语态也有其特殊的用途，它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态：
A. 不知道或不必说出动作的执行者
How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音？Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves. 科学家们说，力移动时就做了功。
A greater number of magic English books will be published next year. 明年将有更多的魔法英语书出版。
After war, everything had been destroyed. 战争结束后，一切都被毁坏了。
B. 强调动作的承受者
If you break the school rules, you will be punished. 如果你违反校规，你将受到惩罚。（强调you）
A new Hope School will be opened in our village. 我们家乡将开办一所新的希望学校。（强调a new Hope School）
She is liked by everybody. 大家都喜欢她。
Xiao Li was elected monitor of the class. 小李被选为班长。C. 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物
The bridge was washed away by the flood. 桥被洪水冲走了。We were shocked by the news of his death. 我们听到他的死讯极为震惊。
Many accidents were caused by careless driving. 许多事故都是开车不小心造成的。
D. 修辞的需要，为了使句子更加简练、匀称
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 他出现在舞台上，受到了观众的热烈鼓掌。
The old professor gave a lecture on American history and was well received. 这位老教授作了一个有关美国历史的讲座，受到大家的热烈欢迎。
I was shown round the school campus by Sean, who had entered the school just a year before. 肖恩带我参观了校园，他去年刚进这所学校。
E. 为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己
You've been told many times not to make the same mistake. 你已被多次告知不要犯同样的错误。
Everybody is expected to obey the following rules. 希望大家遵守以下规定。
The control room may not be entered without permission. 非经许可，勿入控制室。
F. 科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程
The film is coated with light-sensitive chemicals, which are changed by the different shades and colours of light. 胶卷上涂了一层感光的化学物质，这些物质因光的不同色度与颜色而改变。
G. 新闻报道中为了体现新闻的客观性
The west-east gas pipeline project was kicked off on July 4, a big event in the nation's west development campaign. 西气东输工程7月4日全线开工，这是国家西部大开发战略的一件大事。H．有些动词习惯上常用被动语态
He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。
The school is situated in the suburbs. 这所学校位于郊外。
注意：
被动语态中的by短语通常可以省去。但如果by短语是句子的重点所在，或者没有by短语全句的意思不完整时，则要保留by短语。The vegetables didn't taste very good. They had been
cooked too long. 蔬菜的味道不好，烧的时间太长了。（不需要动作的执行者）
He arrived at the airport, where he was met by his friend. 他到达了机场并受到朋友的迎接。（没有by his friend，句子的意思不完整）
Everybody was cast down by such news as that. 大家都被那种消息搞得很沮丧。（需要by短语）
三、主动语态变被动语态
中国人的思维的着眼点在动作的施动者，英美人思维的着眼点在动作的承受者。
中国人常这样说：I expect you to be there on time. 我希望你准时到那里。
英美人常这样说：You are expected to be there on time. 希望你准时到那里。
这就是英语中被动语态的使用比汉语中多的原因。由于英语句子的主动语态结构不同，因而变成被动语态的方式也各不相同。
A. 主语+ 谓语+ 宾语
“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”结构中只有一个宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语：
They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 他们将在会议上讨论这个问题。
-- The plan will be discussed at the meeting. 这个问题将在会议上讨论。
In the past the king possessed great wealth. 过去国王拥有巨大的财富。
n In the past great wealth was possessed by the king. 过去，巨大的财富为国王所拥有。
B. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
在这个句型中，谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时，一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语，但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语：
We gave the student some books. 我们给了这个学生几本书。-- The student was given some books. 这个学生被给了几本书。-- Some books were given to the student. 几本书被给了这个学生。
His father bought him a computer last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。
-- He was bought a computer by his father last week. 上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。
-- A computer was bought for him by his father last week. 上
周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。
注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to, for, of等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。
They awarded him the Nobel Prize. 他们授予他诺贝尔奖。
-- The Nobel Prize was awarded（to）him. 诺贝尔奖被授予给他。
The host had caught us some fish. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。
n Some fish had been caught for us by the host. 主人给我们捉了一些鱼。（for不可省）
n
C. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
在这个句型中，谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语也随之变为主语补足语：
All the villagers painted the houses white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。
-- The houses were painted white by all the villagers. 房子都被所有的村民都涂成了白色。
They kept us waiting for a long time. 他们让我们等了很长时间。-- We were kept waiting for a long time. 我们等了很长时间。We regarded him as the best doctor in town. 我们认为他是城里最好的医生。
-- He was regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被认为是城
里最好的医生。
注意：
有些使役动词和感官动词,如make, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to等，在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构时，不定式应加上to。
We heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我们听见他向朋友们道别。
n He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 他被听到向朋友们道别。
n
D. 含有情态动词的主动句变被动句
含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+ be done”构成。
情态动词
cancould
maymight
must
havehad to
willwould
shallshould
ought to
主动形式
cancould do
maymight do
must do
havehad to do
willwould do
shallshould do
ought to do
被动形式
cancould be done
maymight be done
must be done
havehad to be done
willwould be done
shallshould be done
ought to be done
The machine must be operated with care. 这机器必须小心操作。
Such a sentence ought not to be used here. 这个句子不应该用在这里。
What's done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。
People had to be reminded of the danger that night. 那天晚上必须提醒人们当心危险。
E. 含有“be going to do”和“be to do”等结构的主动句变被动句含有“be going to do和be to do 等结构的谓语动词，变成被动语态时，分别用“be going to + be done”和“be to + be done”。在这两种结构中，be只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。
The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting. 这个问题将在会上讨论。
This new film is to be shown on TV next week. 这部新片下周将在电视上放映。
F．含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句
带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用it来作为被动句的形式主语，宾语从句保留不变。
They said that he had gone abroad to study English. 他们说他出国学英语去了。
-- It was said that he had gone abroad to study English. 据说他出国学英语去了。
We haven't decided when we should go camping. 我们还未决定什么时候去野营。
-- It hasn't been decided when we should go camping. 什么时候去野营尚未决定。
提示：
带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，为了简练，还可把从句的主语变为被动句的主语，从句的谓语部分还可以变为不定式短语。
We believed that he would succeed. 我们相信他会成功。
-- He was believed to succeed. 人们相信他会成功。
Father expected that I should become an engineer. 父亲希望我成为工程师。
-- I was expected (by my father) to become an engineer. （父亲）希望我成为工程师。
G．祈使句的被动语态
肯定的祈使句的被动语态结构是：Let + 宾语+ be + 过去分词；否定的祈使句的被动语态结构是：Don't + let + 宾语+ be + 过去分词（或Let + 宾语+ not + be + 过去分词）。
Move the desks into the corridor.
-- Let the desks be moved into the corridor. 把课桌搬到走廊去。
Don't trust her.
-- Don't let her be trusted.
-- Let her not be trusted. 不要相信她。
H. 动词短语构成的被动语态
一般情况下，只有及物动词才能跟宾语，而不及物动词不能跟宾语，所以只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词则没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一个动词短语，相当于一
个及物动词，因此就可以有被动语态。
The nurses in this hospital look after the patients very well.
-- The patients are well looked after by the nurses in this hospital. 病人在这所医院里被护士们照料得很周到。
They have put off the meeting till next Saturday.
-- The meeting has been put off till next Saturday. 会议已推迟到下周六了。
注意：
在使用被动语态时，千万不要遗漏句末的介词或副词。
Such a bad habit should be got rid of. 这样的坏习惯应该改掉。All the important matters have now been attended to. 所有重要的事情都得到了处理。
I. 双重被动结构
双重被动结构指的是句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子的主语既是谓语动词的承受者，同时又是不定式动作的承受者。They asked us to discuss the problem at once.
-- We were asked to discuss the problem at once.
-- The problem was asked to be discussed at once. 这个问题被要求立刻讨论。（双重被动）
She offered to buy a recorder for me.
-- A recorder was offered to be bought for me. 有人提出要帮我买一台录音机。（双重被动）
The teacher ordered that we should take the desk away.
-- The desk was ordered to be taken away. 课桌被要求搬走。（双重被动）
J．下列句子变成被动语态时，要用with，不用by
Smoke filled the meeting room. 烟充满了会议室。
The meeting room was filled with smoke. 会议室里充满了烟。
A cloth covered the table. 一块布把桌子罩了起来。
The table was covered with a cloth. 桌子上铺着一块布。K．不能变为被动语态的结构
1．受动词的限制
①表示状态的及物动词，只能用于主动语态。
某些表示状态的及物动词，如have, own, cost, lack, want (缺乏), become (适合), fit, resemble, fail, last, flee, benefit, hold等作谓语时，不能变为被动句。
She resembles her mother. 她像她妈妈。
He lacks self-confidence. 他缺乏自信。
This hall can hold 2,000 people. 这个大厅能容纳两千人。
②当及物动词have表示“吃饭”、“患病”、“明白”、“知道”等意思时，没有被动语态形式。
Would you have a cup of tea 你要喝杯茶吗？
She had a bad cold yesterday, and now she is feeling much better. 昨天她得了重感冒，现在好多了。
高三英语被动语态解题技巧及练习题及解析
高三英语被动语态解题技巧及练习题及解析 一、单项选择被动语态 1．Please wear your best clothes on Monday, as your class photos ______ then. A．will take B．will be taken C．have taken D．have been taken 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：请在星期一穿上你最好的衣服，因为那时你们班将拍照。根据语境可知，动作发生在将来，并且是被动，故用一般将来时态的被动语态。故选B。 2．I intend to buy that kind of clothes because I ____ that they _____ well. A．have told; wash B．have been told; wash C．was told; washed D．have been told; are washed 【答案】B 【解析】 考察时态。根据题意，我想买那种衣服，因为有人告诉过我他们洗起来不错。可知从句内容为过去已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。他们洗起来不错则是一个客观存在的事实，过去存在，现在及将来都会存在，故用一般现在时态。选B。 3．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________ in the mountains for two days. A．are trapping B．have been trapped C．were trapping D．had been trapped 【答案】D 【解析】 考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。 点睛：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，其表达形式为had done，被动语态的表达形式为had been done。 4．Due to the country’s growing rate of urbanization, China’s migrant population _______ to be
(英语)高考英语被动语态练习题及答案
（英语）高考英语被动语态练习题及答案 一、单项选择被动语态 1．With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year. A．is washing away B．is being washed away C．are washing away D．are being washed away 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 本题考查现在进行时的被动语态和主谓一致。解题步骤：1. 确定谓语单复数：根据quantity的用法，quantities of和a quantity of后面都可加不可数名词与可数名词复数，但它们作主语时，quantities of...后面的谓语动词用复数，而a quantity of...的谓语动词用单数，故排除A、D项。2. 确定第二空：随着森林的被毁，土壤正在被冲走，故应该用现在进行时的被动语态。句意：随着森林的被毁，大量的优质土壤每年都被冲走。综上，故选D项。 【名师点拨】 quantities of和a quantity of后面加可数名词复数，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；quantities of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用复数形式；a quantity of后面加不可数名词，做主语时后面的谓语动词用单数形式。https://www.360docs.net/doc/8815956257.html,rge quantities of money have been sent there大量的钱已经被送到那里；A large quantity of money has been wasted.大量的钱已经被浪费；2.A large quantity of books have been offered to us.大量的书已经提供给我们； Quantities of nuts are on the table.大量的坚果在桌子上。 2．—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A．serve B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 3．To my ________， he was not a little ________ at the news that he had won the first prize in the English speech contest, for he thought that he didn't perform so well. A．astonishment；astonishing B．astonished；astonishing C．astonishment；astonished D．astonish；astonishment 【答案】C 【解析】
高中英语被动语态讲解及练习含答案
一、被动语态的构成形式 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化 被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为： 1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 2） has /have been done 现在完成时 3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 4） was/were done 一般过去时 5） had been done 过去完成时 6） was/were being done 过去进行时 7） shall/will be done 一般将来时 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用） 10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用） 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。 例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. 4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 3. 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态与完成时态) 。 例I don't like being laughed at in the public. 二、如何使用被动语态 学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。 1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by 短语)。 例My bike was stolen last night. 2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer. 3. 为了更好地安排句子。 例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型 一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。 例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）
【英语】高三英语被动语态试题经典及解析
【英语】高三英语被动语态试题经典及解析 一、单项选择被动语态 1．Various efforts ________ in the past decades to protect the environment. A．had made B．have made C．were made D．have been made 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的几十年里，为保护环境做出了各种努力。根据in the past decades可知句子用现在完成时态，efforts是句子主语，复数形式，和谓语动词make之间是被动关系，所以此处用现在完成时态的被动语态，故答案为D。 2．—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A．serve B．is serving C．is being served D．has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——我们准备去吃饭吗？——是的，饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜，和动作serve之间是被动关系，且动作正在进行，四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态，故选C。 3．Many subway stations, including the one near our school, ________ at present for a better transport in the city. A．are constructing B．are being constructed C．is constructing D．is being constructed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动词时态语态。句意：许多地铁站，包括我们学校附近的地铁站，目前正在建设中，以便有更便利的交通。此处表示动作正在进行，句中主语Many subway stations和动词construct是被动关系，所以此处用现在进行时的被动，与主语一致，故选B. 【点睛】 现在进行时的被动结构：be + being+过去分词 A number of Dongfeng trucks are being shipped abroad.一批东风卡车正被运往国外。 1）“be being done” 中的动词be应随主语作相应的变化。 2）将现在进行时的主动语态变为现在进行时的被动语态的关键是：把be doing变为be being done. 例1. The students are cleaning the classroom now. →The classroom is being cleaned now. 现在学生们正在打扫教室。 (are cleaning变为is being cleaned) 例2. The boy is counting some sheep. →Some sheep are being counte d. 那男孩正在数羊。 (is counting 变为 are being counted)
高中英语语法被动语态
被动语态 一、语态的基本概念和种类 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句，谓语动词被动语态的句子叫被动句。一般来说，主动语态侧重于行为者，被动语态侧重于动作的对象或动作本身。如：主动句：They built this bridge.他们修的这座桥。 被动句：This bridge was built by them.这桥由他们建造。 二、' 三、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 英语主动语态的时态共有十六种，而被动语态只有十种。 四、主动语态变被动语态 主动语态转换成被动语态分三步走：第一步是将主动语态中的宾语放在句首，第二步是将主动语态中的谓语变成被动形式，第三步是将主动语态中的主语放在被动句的谓语之后，在前面再加上介词by，引出动作的执行者。简言之，主动语态变被动语态时，主语与宾语交换位置，谓语变为被动形式，执行者前加by。 主动语态：We speak Chinese. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) （ Chinese is spoken by us. (主语) (谓语) (宾语) 主动语态转换成被动语态分三种情况： 第一种句型：主语+谓语+宾语，主语与宾语交换位置。例如： I sent an email last night.昨天夜里我发了一封电子邮件。（主动结构） An email was sent (by me) last night.一封电子邮件昨天夜里（由我）发出了。（被动结构） 第二种句型：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语，将其中任意一个宾语与主语交换位置。例如： … My parents bought me a new computer.我的父母亲给我买了一台新电脑。（主动结构） A new computer was bought for me.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构） I was bought a new computer.有人给我买了一台新电脑。（被动结构） 第三种句型：主语+谓语+复合宾语，将其中的宾语提到句首，而将宾语补足语仍留在原来的位置。例如：
高三英语被动语态真题汇编(含答案)及解析
高三英语被动语态真题汇编(含答案)及解析 一、单项选择被动语态 1．— Did he decide to take part in the competition? — Yes, of course. He _____ to. A．has been encouraging B．had been encouraged C．has been encouraged D．was to be encouraged 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：——他决定参加比赛吗？——是的，当然。他已经被鼓励参加比赛。根据he和动词encourage之间的逻辑关系分析，此处应该使用被动形式，故先排除A 项。再和第一句话的一般过去时态结合起来分析，此处应该使用过去完成时态的被动语态。故选B。 2．________scores of times, but Derek still couldn’t understand how to use past participle in a concrete situation. A．Having explained B．Having been explained C．Though it was explained D．It was explained 【答案】D 【解析】 因为有连词but，前面应是完整的句子，排除A,B; Though不能和but同时使用，所以选D。 3．No decision __A_ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A．will be made B．is made C．is being made D．has been made 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查时态，主语是decision和动词make是动宾关系，所以用被动式，因为后面的句子about any future appointment可以知道动作未发生，所以用将来时，句子意思“关于未来会议没有做出任何决定直到所有的报考者已经被采访”，所以选A 考点：考查时态 点评：做时态题时，首先看时间状语，由时间状语来确定句子的时态；如果没有时间状语，可以根据隐含的意思来确定句子时态。 4．It's great that all the visitors who on the island were saved. A．trapped B．have been trapped C．had trapped D．had been trapped 【答案】D 【解析】
高一英语被动语态
高一专题系列一被动语态 ●学而时习 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。 ●知识点精讲透析 ●考点一主动语态“变性”被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： (1) 将主动句的宾语变为主语，如果主动句的宾语是代词，需变为主格。 (2) 将动词改为“be+过去分词”，be与新主语的人称和数一致，时态不变。 (3) 将主动语态的主语前加by放在谓语动词后，如果原主语是代词，要变为宾格。如： They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held（by them）yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。昨天举行了一个会议。 They won’t forgive me. → I won’t be forgiven by them. 他们不会原谅我的。我不会被他们原谅的。 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： (1) 主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”等，变为被动句时，通常删去“by…”，除非强调原主语。如： They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于1975年。 Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作。→ The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。 (2) 含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式，但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. (3) 含有宾语+宾语补足语的句子，变成被动句后原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语了；注意：不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，变成被动时要加上to。 I heard Emily sing the song just now. → Emily was heard to sing the song just now. 我刚才听见艾米莉唱这首歌了。 (4) 含有宾语从句的主动句变为被动句，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，把宾语从句后置。 We have determined that the plan should be carried out soon. It has been determined that the plan should be carried out soon. 我们决定这项计划必须马上实施。 (5) 双重被动结构: 当某人或物成为两次动作的承受者时，要用双重被动结构。如： Parents often ask their children to do too much homework. The children are often asked to do too much homework. Too much homework is often asked to be done by the children.
高中英语被动语态专题讲解与练习(可编辑修改word版)
Grammar Review the Passive Voice(复习被动语态) ★被动语态的基本形式: 英语中的被动语态由be done(vt.的过去分词) 构成。其人称、数和时态的变化通过be 的变化表现出来的。以实义动词do 为例，在常见时态中，其被动语态的基本形式如下： ㈠谓语动词的被动语态 注 get lost/ married/ paid/ hurt/ burnt/ broken/ drunk/ killed drowned/ cheated/ separated/dressed/ injured 等等。
looks taste feels eg: ① How did you get lost in the mountain ？ ② They got married two months after their first sight. ㈡ 非谓语动词的被动语态 ★ 主动语态表被动意义的情况： ① 感官动词, 系动词 feel, look, taste, smell, sound ， 动词 read ，write ，sell, wash, clean, lock, dry, wear 等表主语的属性特征； 表示开始，结束，运动的动词 begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等; 用作谓语时，句子主语含有被动关系，但并不表示动作被执行，故不需用被动语态。如： 1. W hat he said 2. T he water in winter to be reasonable. cold. 3. W hatever my mother cooks delicious. 4. Y ou hairstyle vary fashionable. 5. T his pen writes well. 6. T he door won’t lock. 7. T he red coat of mine washes well. 8. T he shop closes at 10 o’clock every morning. 9. T he meeting ended in an friendly atmosphere. ② sb./sth. + be+ adj. to do , 此句中不定式 to do 与主语 sb./sth. T he text is easy to understand. (The text is easily to be understood.) T he water here isn’t fit to drink. ③ 少数动词如 print, build, cook, hang, make T he book is printing. 这本书正在排印中。 proved
高三英语被动语态专题复习
高三英语被动语态专题复习 英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态是由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、单复数、时态的不同而变化。 二、常见时态的被动语态（以下讲解以动词do为代表） 1. 一般现在时主动语态：do 被动语态：am/is/are done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom _________________________ every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 Such songs _______ usually _______ by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。 Russian _______ not ________ in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。 2. 一般过去时主动语态：did 被动语态：was/were done We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom ____________________________________ yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。The window ____________________________ by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。 ______________ many trees _____________ on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ 3. 一般将来时主动语态：will do 被动语态：will be done We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。 The classroom ________________ soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 The work _______________ immediately. 这工作将马上做。 4. 现在进行时主动语态：am/is/are doing 被动语态：am/is/are being done We are cleaning the classroom now. 我们现在正在打扫教室。 The classroom _____________________ now. 教室现在正在被打扫。 A hospital ______________________ in the centre of the town. 镇中心正在兴建一家医院。 5. 过去进行时主动语态：was/were doing 被动语态：was/were being done We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。 The classroom _________________ this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫。 The teaching plan _______________________ at that time. 那时正在讨论教学计划。
高中英语被动语态专项练习---有答案
被动语态专项练习 一、选择题（2×15=30分） ( ) a new library _____ in our school last year A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident ____ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )（棉花）____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( ) far, the moon ____ by man already. ? A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( ) talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( ) many trees ____ this year A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( ) lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( ) ___ this kind of computers______ --Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( ) Great Wall ____ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( ) _____ this book _____ A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( ) story _____ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( ) monkey was seen _____ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( ) school bag ___ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( ) people ____ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( ) teacher ______ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两 ．．．．．．．．． 个方面噢 ．．．．) 's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months．
高中英语被动语态讲解与练习1
被动语态 一、被动语态的基本构成 一般时is/am/are + done (现在) was/were + done (过去) will/shall be done (将来) 进行时is/am/are +being done (现在) was/were +being +done (过去) 完成时have/has +been +done (现在) had been done (过去) 练习： 1) Visitors ___________ (request) not to touch the exhibits. 2) All the preparations for the task_______________(complete), and we're ready to start. 3) Look, a new cinema _____________(build) here now． 4) I _____________ (give) ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5)By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ______________(complete) in Beijing. 6) A meeting ___________________(hold) when I was there. 7) Hundreds of job_____________ (lose) if the factory closes. 8) The news ____________________(send) to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived. 9) The project ____________________(complete) before July. 10）He told me that his new clothes ____________________(make)very soon. 11）The baby ____________________(take care of) by the baby-sitter. 应该由保姆照顾 2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式 二. 主动语态与被动语态的转换 1. 主+谓+宾结构： Rowling wrote Harry Potter. ___________________________________________. The government supported the research. _____________________________________. No one has ever beaten her at tennis.________________________________________. We didn’t notice anything special in his work. __________________________________. 1.主+谓+间宾+直宾： His mother gave him a present for his birthday. _____________________________________________. My uncle bought me a new computer. _____________________________________________________. ______________________________________________________. Our teacher offered us many suggestions to reduce pressure._____________________________________. __________________________________________. 注意: 加to或者for She told me when the project would start. ______________________________________. 2.主+谓+宾+宾补： People call this team a cheer-leading squad. _____________________________________. 注意：在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, look at, watch, notice,observe, hear, listen to, feel,help等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.__________________________________. 3.表示“据说，相信，认为，期待”等动词后含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句，如； We know that he is the best dentist in the town. _______________________________________________. 重点拓展：It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。 三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义 1.不及物动词的主动语态表被动意义。 （1）可用来表示主语内在“品质”“性能”的不及物动词：break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，常与well/ badly/easily/smoothly搭配。 １
【英语】历年全国高考英语被动语态试题汇总及答案
【英语】历年全国高考英语被动语态试题汇总及答案 一、单项选择被动语态 1．— Can we play basketball in the school gym? — No, it ______ during the summer holidays. A．is repaired B．is being repaired C．was repaired D．has been repaired 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查时态语态。句意：--我们可以在学校操场上打篮球吗？--不行，暑假期间操场正在被修葺。根据句意可知，这里是表示正在进行，所以要用现在进行时。主语it和动词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选B。 2．Later Mrs Smith decided to buy that kind of cloth because she_________ that the cloth _________very well. A．has been told; washes B．had been told; washed C．was told; was washed D．had been told; was washed 【答案】B 【解析】 考查时态与感官动词。主句时态为过去时，而从句时态发生在主句之前，即过去的过去，故用过去完成时。像feel, smell, look, wash等表示感官的动词不用被动语态，直接用主动语态，结合前面时态可知，应选washed。句意: 随后史密斯夫人决定买那种布，因为有人告诉她那种布很好洗。故选B。 3．Now the world’s attention ________ the stocking markets, as they have great infl uence on the world’s economy. A．is fixing on B．is being fixed on C．has fixed on D．had been fixed on 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：现在世界关注的焦点都在股票市场上，因为它们对世界经济已经产生了很大的影响。 attention与focus之间为被动关系，Now提示用现在进行时。 4．Many artifacts ________ for the first time in the National Museum at present. A．were exhibited B．were being exhibited C．are being exhibited D．are exhibited 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词时态与语态。句意：许多史前古器物目前正在国家博物馆首次展出。根据时间状语“at present”可知，句子描述现在正在进行的动作，主语artifacts与谓语exhibit
高中英语语法(2)-被动语态
第二章被动语态（一） 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。 A. 十种常见时态的被动语态 1. 一般现在时 主动语态：do 被动语态：amisare done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。 Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。 Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗 2. 一般过去时 主动语态：did 被动语态：waswere done We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。 Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？ How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱？ 3. 一般将来时 主动语态：willshall do 被动语态：willshall be done We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。 The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。 Will the school sports meeting be held next week？校运动会将在下星期举行吗？ When shall we be given a lecture on the Internet 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座？ 4. 一般过去将来时 主动语态：would do 被动语态：would be done We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。 We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。 He said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。 She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。