500个论文写作常用词汇、常用连接词.pdf

500个论文写作常用词汇、常用连接词.pdf
500个论文写作常用词汇、常用连接词.pdf

500个论文写作常用词汇、常用连接词

1.energy separation(energy difference)between the quantum dot(QD)ground and first-excited

states能量间隔

2.Analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)has identified分析

3.Whilst同时

4.Stacking Fault s(SF)and threading dislocations(TD)are often associated with the large lattice

mismatch in most III–V semiconductor films.与…有关

5.the GaAs barrier layer was divided in two parts分割

6.a characteristic v-shape gliding有…特征

7.The presence of these SFs is observed to create surface QDs被认为是

8.Areas区域

9.extending to延伸至

10.In contrast to与…对比

11.we would suggest this could be related to我们认为

12.dislocations occurring at the microscopic level出现在

13.migrate away from迁移开

14.spectral response光谱响应

15.in terms of根据,与…有关

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a9693927.html,position,content组分

17.attracting strong interest引起兴趣

18.aspects such as许多方面例如

19.As previously reported正如以前报道的

20.The emission wavelength of the QDs red-shifted by300nm红移了300nm

21.As the composition is increased,there is an increase in density and size随着…增加什么增加

22.the reduction of PL intensity for larger compositions occurs as a result of threading dislocations

being formed

23.suppressed by压制,抑制

24.epilayer外延层

25.variation变化

26.interrupted growth method间断生长

27.ion(Ar+)laser with514.53nm氩离子激光波长

28.it can be seen that从…可以看出

29.reveal a strong quantum localization effect展示

30.Such a blue shift in EL wavelength could be attributed to the band-filling effect of localized energy

states蓝移,归咎于,能带填充效应

31.A blueshift of3and1.7cm?1蓝移

32.Incorporating结合

33.1.3–1.6mm has been achieved for InAs/GaAs QDs by实现

34.are limited by性能局限于

35.received little attention to date现在已经没人关注

36.spacer layer隔离层

37.the initial15nm of the GaAs SPL was deposited at5101C,following which the temperature was

increased to5801C for the remainder of the GaAs SPL随后

38.thermal escape热逃逸

39.QD ensembles量子点群

40.the value of E E值

41.are dramatically reduced巨大的

42.takes place发生,出现

43.QD PL band caused by PL图,引起

44.are taken into account考虑

45.active region活性区

46.vertical strain coupling垂直耦合

47.sample c shows the highest value(75meV)followed by sample b with60meV and sample d with

56meV排序

48.is crucial for对…至关重要

49.zero-dimensional structures零维结构

50.involving涉及

51.cap layer盖层

52.With an increase in the excitation power(20mW to100mW)there is an increase in the

contribution related to the excited state of sample

53.one in which there are two‘‘families’’of QDs with different average sizes,一个…

54.the thermal escape will produce a red-shift of P2emission band产生红移

55.an order of magnitude lower少一个数量级

56.Such phenomena support the hypothesis that我们认为

57.made up of a sum of contributions of什么的相互作用

58.With increasing temperature,there may be a transfer of carriers from larger to smaller QDs随着…

增加

59.A set of samples一系列

60.epitaxy on(100)oriented外延在…100面

61.As one can see that可以看出

62.PL spectra were fitted with a Gaussian profile拟合

63.The smaller Stokes-type shift combining with the narrow PL linewidth suggests that两原因结合

说明了什么

64.is located at能级位于

65.one can find that可以看出

66.charge carriers载流子

67.discrete energy level离散能级

68.is strongly dependent on取决于

69.ten-layer stack10叠层

70.a new class of一新类别

71.enable tailoring of the detection wavelength能够对探测波长进行裁剪

72.bias dependence of the responsivity响应率随偏压变化

73.escape routes逃逸路线

74.dual-color双色

75.final states in the surrounding matrix终态

76.a bias tunable energy separation偏压可调的能级间隔

77.energy intervals能级间隔

78.is assigned to指定为

79.In–Ga intermixing互混

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a9693927.html,teral size横向尺寸

81.The volume of each QD is defined as hA/2with A the area and h the height定义什么为什么

82.capping layer盖层

83.be of great potential for有很大潜力

84.three dimensional carrier confinement of the QD三维限制效应3D confinement

85.interaction between相互作用

86.suffer from承受sustain

87.spreads out to传播到

88.The insert shows插图说明

89.the increase of the quantum efficiency overcomes the increased dark current超过

90.pushed the response peak toward推向

91.wavefunction coupling波长耦合

92.When positively biased当正偏压时

93.artificial atom-like人工类原子

94.hybrid混合

95.wavelength tuning波长调制

96.significant impact on有重要影响

97.(i.e.QDs)例如

98.Top left panel shows左上图说明了

99.photo-excited carriers光生载流子

100.be compensated in part by部分

101.mesas台面

102.blackbody source黑体源

103.be coupled to被耦合到

104.reflection grating反射光栅

105.photolithographic techniques光印刷技术

106.Indium-bump铟柱

107.bias range from…to范围

108.multi-spectral response多光谱响应

109.spectral tuning光谱调制

110.adjacent to临近

111.the tailoring of detection wavelength探测波长裁剪

112.have an additional advantage of优势

113.elevates抬高

114.the splitting of the single detection peak探测峰的劈裂

115.In principle原则上

116.blocking layer阻挡层

117.Additionally=in addition

118.Relax selection rule选择定则

119.phonon bottleneck effect声子瓶颈效应

120.Systematic study of系统研究了

121.Full width half maximum of the spectral response半高宽

122.are of interest for several applications有兴趣

123.outperform the ones in the market胜过

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a9693927.html,pleted a detailed investigation of研究了

125.bias-tunability电压调制性

126.Some solutions to mitigate these problems解决问题

127.limited the manufacturing yield of large area focal-plane arrays量产

128.carrier relaxation-times载流子弛豫时间

129.the intricate dependence of the operating wavelength on the size and shape of the dot后者依赖于前者

130.random self-assembly process随机自组装过程

131.Apart from除什么之外

132.is estimated to估计为

133.average spacing平均距离

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a9693927.html,teral coupling横向耦合

135.a factor of10十分之一

136.Low temperature photocurrent peaks observed at120and148meV were identified as指认为137.intersubband transitions emanating from来自于

138.night vision夜视

139.The3D confinement will give rise to产生

140.the number of allowed dark current transitions跃迁数

141.give rise to a photocurrent产生光电流

142.a detailed understanding of all relevant transitions occurring in the detector is not yet gained还没有很好的解决

143.optical pumping光学泵浦

144.is shown to be认为是

145.provide the flexibility to adjust the electronic states调节的灵活性

146.60?in height and220?in radius

147.Repulsive相反的

148.strain-compensated应变补偿

149.impurities incorporated during the growth杂质掺杂

150.sensitive layers活性层,敏感层

151.in the25–400°C interval在…区间间隔

152.Silver contacts proved to be ohmic through current–voltage measurements欧姆接触

153.rectifying behavior整流特性

154.no systematic investigation was carried out on responsivity versus temperature执行系统的研究155.in dark conditions在暗条件下

156.cut on and cut off wavelengths截止波长

157.exhibited photoresponse peaking at3.5um波长在多少

158.The operation principle of工作原理

159.nominal Ge deposition thickness名义厚度

160.One obvious feature is that可以看出

161.is consistent with与…一致

162.with a main peak at around3.5um主峰

163.the hole absorption of photons光子的空穴吸收

164.are utilized to用于

165.night vision,and optical communication etc.(有点)等等

166.are particularly worthy of academic investigation值得,学术研究

167.polarization selection rule偏振选择定则

168.this Si-based detector has the advantage of the monolithic integration with the read-out circuit与硅读出电路集成

169.cut down the dark current降低暗电流

170.added delta dope德尔塔掺杂

171.the vertical alignment垂直耦合

172.We report the摘要

173.intensity ratio of强度比

174.was accompanied by伴随着

175.during the last decade近十年来

176.delta-function-like density delta函数

177.two-dimensional array二维阵列

178.misfit dislocation nucleation位错成核

179.were ascribed to归咎于

180.This shift could be associated with phonon confinement与…联系起来

181.phonon replicas声子峰

182.structure with h=40nm with的用法

183.the broad shape of the PL peak suggests a large inhomogeneity of the islands’size distribution物表明

184.It is worth mentioning that值得一提的是

185.induce the QD energy redshift红移

186.attributed to a type-II band alignment II型能带

187.cannot be不能,not是连着的

188.This blueshift can be explained in terms of a type-II band lineup蓝移,以…有关

189.the holes are trapped in the Ge islands位于

190.increased confinement增强的限制

191.holes in the wetting layer could be transferred to the islands转移

192.One can note that可以看出

193.good optical quality好的光学性质

194.interdiffusion processes互扩散

195.spatially ordered arrays空间有序阵列

196.in-plane ordering of the islands平面有序

197.monolayer单原子层

198.the island base量子点基底

199.The islands are oriented along directions close to[010]and朝向

200.the net volume of净体积

201.exceed超过

202.vibration band震动峰

203.transition point变化点

204.The dependences of h c on the thickness d SiGe is investigated临界厚度依赖于SiGe厚度205.Ge segregation偏析

206.provides the best agreement between the calculated and experimental data相符合207.a part of一部分

208.relying on obtained results,it can be assumed that从得到的结果…可以看出

209.spatial ordering空间有序

210.interdiffusion processes扩散过程

211.increase in Ge content leads to Ge含量的增加

212.noticeably显著的

213.mass transfer from质量迁移

214.the quantity of material diffused into the islands is equivalent to6.4nm等于

215.is associated with归咎于

216.island self-ordering自有序

217.Another possible reason for另一个可能的问题

218.we attribute to我们认为

219.dominant absorption bands peaked主要吸收峰

220.We tentatively propose that我们暂时提出

221.the electrons are free in the Si conduction band电子是自由的

222.P-polarized absorptions偏振吸收

223.quantum efficiency of about0.015%of的用法

224.wavelength range of范围

225.relax the momentum conservation requirement缓解动量守恒

226.still far from ideal远不如

227.current of7mA速流7mA

228.in tapping(contect)mode轻巧或接触模式

229.3nm tall3nm高

230.By contrast作为对比

231.are consistent with与…有关

232.first-order optical mode一介光学模式

233.vibrational peaks振动峰

234.the downward shift of the Ge–Ge peak to299cm?1红移

235.Within the frame of在…框架下

236.irrespective of不考虑

237.contact angle接触角

238.The interest is mainly driven by兴趣

239.type-II band alignment II型能带排列

240.degrade the qualities降低质量

241.loading into the vacuum chamber装入腔体

242.be decomposed into two Gaussian shape peaks分解为

243.shows strong blueshifts蓝移

244.is believed to be相信是

245.Coulomb charging effect库伦电荷效应

246.are accompanied by伴随着

247.give detailed insights into详细的了解

248.relies on依赖于

249.a change in shape in的写法

250.are indicative for指认为

251.It is noticeable that值得注意的是

252.The ratio of domes to huts比例的用法

253.Is by a factor of two smaller than几分之几

254.is in consistence with有关

255.It is established that得出

256.A feature of particular interest is特别感兴趣的是

257.AFM were used to characterize用来表征

258.is in fact detrimental to对…有害,不利

259.at the expense of以…为代价

260.penetrates through贯穿

261.defect-free无缺陷的

262.Owing to由于

263.more uniform in size in+名词,在…方面

264.optical phonon frequencies光学声子频率

265.it is an indicator on关于什么的指示

266.perform=carry out执行

267.phonon assisted recombination声子辅助复合

268.increasing tendency for趋势

269.heteroepitaxial Ge/Si systems系统

270.optic-phonon modes光学振动模

271.were investigated by a combination of Raman scatter spectra and photoluminescence.结合272.is considered as;is correlating with认为是

273.The intensities of the Ge–Ge peak I Ge-Ge and the Ge–Si peak I Ge-Si are found to be reliable to determine可靠的

274.shows a good fit to our experimental results相符

275.with respect to相对于…

276.tentatively attributed to暂时的

277.intensive studies大量研究

278.we mainly deal with this issue by investigating处理

279.A redshift of PL spectra is observed after annealing at temperature below780°C,whereas annealing above this temperature induces a blueshift.然而

280.PL signal recorded for Ge/Si cluster single layer指认为

281.we attempt to interpret these results within a simple thermodynamic model尝试解释,在..框架下282.The composition distribution of Ge islands is also of importance重要

283.most methods used in addressing the composition of Ge islands探究

284.provides the trigger to使…开始启动

285.ring-like structure环状结构

286.The first term第一个式子

287.Note that here值得注意的是

288.transport characteristics of特性

289.Estimates show that测试表明

290.there has been a surge of interest in大量的

291.in-plane confinement横向限制

292.as a result of breaking of the polarization selection rules偏振选择定则

293.zero-dimensional character of the electronic spectrum零维

294.render展现

295.There are only few works announcing the long-wave operation报道

296.was sandwiched in between sth and sth夹在

297.high sheet density高密度

298.the top portion of顶部

299.were in good agreement with一致

300.pose a long-standing puzzle提出问题

301.A rich body of subsequent work大量的

302.two key aspects came to light重要方面

303.in view of考虑到

304.The amount of the strain大量的,修饰不可数

305.with reference to关于

306.The height and the base of the dots range from8to15nm and from140to200nm,respectively, upon increasing the thickness of Si spacer from14to100nm/upon increasing the thickness up to 一旦…

307.a strain field superposition of buried dots应变场的交叠

308.were explained in terms of two possible contributions关于

309.a strained Si0.65Ge0.35quantum well,which,in turn,is incorporated in a Si matrix包含在

310.the polarization dependence of the induced PC后面依赖于前面

311.elucidate the nature of photoresponse阐明….的本质

312.normal incidence infrared radiation正入射红外辐射

313.Ge QDs enclosed in a silicon matrix包含在

314.We suspect that我们认为

315.As stated before如前面所述

316.Lorentzian decomposition of the spectra分峰

317.This edge is tilted带边倾斜

318.The value of the barrier height U0derived from P2depends on the effective mass依赖于319.energy difference between

320.a new class of一类

321.It appears that Ge/Si quantum dots could combine the advantages of quantum dots as compared to quantum wells while keeping the compatibility with Si-based signal processing.看起来,结合322.opens the route to the realization of实现

323.the photoluminescence spectrum is dominated by the radiative recombination associated with the Ge dots.占据

324.The measurement is performed测试

325.transverse-optical phonon-assisted recombination横向光学声子辅助复合

326.along with伴随着

327.is similar for A and B相似的

328.the160meV resonance is quenched消失

329.the temperature dependence on the electric power依赖于

330.be decomposed into two components分成

331.The samples are here after referred to as Ge300,Ge600,and Ge1500,respectively.在之后的文章表示为

332.Then,a10nm thick Si1xGexlayer with x ranging from0%to20%was grown,followed by a Ge layer

333.Since因为

334.The additional flux of atoms流

335.In order to test this assumption为了证明这种假设

336.Ge is deposited on a Si0.8Ge0.2alloy沉积用被动

337.could be invoked to explain用来解释

338.elastic strain energy stored in the predeposited Si1-xGex layer应变存储

339.Fig.2displays显示

340.Sth reveal that揭示了

341.It is very important to know非常重要

342.Another attractive object另一个有趣的是

343.However,is not clarified yet还没解决

344.were chosen in such a way as to avoid在这种条件下in such a way that

345.,and then,随后

346.reaches a stationary value缓和

347.provides the best agreement between一致

348.it also increases Si content in islands and,as a results,i ncrease the critical volume结果

349.We are making emphasis on强调

350.as it was noticed above如上所述

351.Increase in deposited Ge nominal thickness from9to11ML leads to增加什么,导致

352.the average island height makes37.2nm make可以当is用

353.the ratio of island heights versus their lateral sizes比

354.Special attention in this work is paid to注重

355.in connection with与..有关

356.We consider the doublet band behavior in sample B as related with我们认为、有关

357.We performed sth我们执行什么

358.Both these facts give reasons to consider this band as related with可以解释,有关

359.Islands grow;The islands were formed by量子点生长

360.The island coarsening量子点的粗化

361.The intermixing between Si and Ge dominated at higher temperatures占据主导地位

362.pyramids and domes appeared to coexist in a stable configuration

363.However,the growth and evolution of islands prepared by IBSD has not been studied adequately 还没人研究

364.密度大用greater

365.clustering to form集聚形成

366.approximately60%of the islands were less than the aspect ratio of0.1主语颠倒

367.This is an implication that表明

368.The short islands could grow up if the amount of Ge increased长大

369.Subsequently随后

370.occurs via a combination of发生,结合

371.,whereby sth do sth通过上述这种方法

372.statistical analysis of island size统计

373.displays=show=operates=take over显示了

374.In succeeding sections=In what follows,在下文中

375.We quantify this observation,identify the coarsening mechanisms认为

376.Sth contributes significantly to

377.Are being fed by this reservoir of Ge atoms水库,浸润层,提供

378.Is evident in the appearance of证据

379.is indicative of Ostwald ripening指示是熟化

380.islands may communicate more effectively via surface diffusion at higher growth temperatures量子点扩散,交流

381.a variety of recipes for不同的方法

382.coalescence合并

383.remarkable observations显著的观察

384.Intermixing of sth with sth

https://www.360docs.net/doc/8a9693927.html,rger particles grow at the expense of smaller particles代价

386.,yielding sth产生

387.obeys the same relationship遵循

388.delay the onset of开始

389.virtually=mostly大部分

390.transform to/form

391.a larger fraction of大部分

392.substantial numbers of大量的

393.often coincide with有关,由于

394.Further insight can be gained by considering进一步考虑

395.appear to似乎

396.is likely to有可能

397.to our knowledge众所周知

398.present a possible scenario for方法

399.undergo a morphological transition to承受

400.understood on grounds of依据什么

401.the growth topology of生长量子点图

402.reached a level,where达到最大值

403.It is noteworthy at this point that值得注意的是

404.The island size is dominated by the balance of由于

405.,suggesting that

406.gain insight into

407.island populations量子点群

408.dependence of total cluster volume as a function of Ge indicates that依赖于

409.Samples spanning the Ge coverage range from5.0

410.careful cataloging of the shape evolution of these islands as a function of growth conditions has not yet been performed内容还没有解决

411.were used to document

412.coherent=dislocation-free

413.present a detailed catalog of

414.cross-sectional line scans横截面

415.we are able to map island evolution for different growth temperatures阐明,阐述

416.At the left-hand side of this cluster左手边

417.It is well known that众所周知

418.presenting a detailed analysis and discussion of阐述了

419.in the time interval of30–45min between the formation of two successive dislocations间隔420.Si atom has been transported into the island迁移

421.(see later)请看下文

422.thorough investigation of全面的研究

423.The authors apply selective wet chemical etching采用

424.evolves toward an intriguing semifacetted structure演变成

425.an understanding of the capping process is of fundamental importance重要的

426.The effect is temperature dependent温度依赖的

427.the height scales高度尺寸

428.presumably because大致归咎于

429.misfit strain位错应变

430.,which in turn affects转过来影响

431.coincides with伴随着

432.corresponding=related

433.were characterized by atomic force microscopy表征

434.The left column of Fig.1左边一排

435.Demonstrating/indicating that

436.is mainly responsible for归咎于

437.building blocks for future electronic or optoelectronic devices奠定基石

438.remains still a matter of controversy/was not yet clearly identified/was not investigated in detail.还没解决

439.strain induced triggering诱导的没有一杠

440.temperature was ramped down/up温度降低、身高

441.Standing from the viewpoint of the simulation

442.Fig后面接的词A detailed investigation shows that;We find out that;It should be noted that;

We can see that;In contrast with Ge islands grown on Si,we observe;It is revealed that;It was found out that

443.a record speed of12GHz记录速率

444.possess high mobility拥有

445.In comparison to比较

446.zoom-in view of缩放图

447.KEEN attention has been drawn to the study注意

448.These extraordinary features非凡的

449.transfer yield is>99%专业率

450.Overall=From the aforementioned analysis总的来说

451.the flexible Ge diode indicates a much lower turn-on voltage than Si diode,validating证明了452.Very recently,最近

453.with combined high and low temperature high and low processes结合

454.As of today截至今天

455.a handful of reports show少量的

456.The TFT denoted as TFT-2indicated as(也是定义的意思)negative values定义457.is elaborated below叙述

458.is of great interest感兴趣

459.the implanted side of Ge was in contact with glass substrate连接在一起

460.strengthen the chemical bonds强化

461.may be an alternative to选择

462.visible light可见光

463.process flow工艺流程

464.generating sth生产

465.The prospect is to integrate期望

466.irregular shape不寻常的

467.single-crystal Ge is yet to demonstrate因此

468.performance tradeoff性能折衷

469.Theoretical calculations have also been conducted执行

470.The capacitance is dependent on the series diode width and metal stack thickness依赖于471.To make a fair comparison比较

472.Can have better RF properties拥有

473.not presented here due to the length limit of this Letter

474.make them superb candidates for候选

475.A considerable number of大量的

476.critical dimensions极限尺寸

477.Of more importance重要的是

478.bulk wafer counterparts对等物

479.lightly doped亲掺杂

480.Vicat softening point of PET substrates is170°C

481.stripping off剥离

482.firmly contacted with牢固地

483.theoretical analysis has been conducted执行

484.In essence本质上

485.Tiny/substantial changes小大变化

486.innate limitation固有的本质的

487.Figure1schematically illustrates

488.de-convoluted using the Gaussian/Lorentzian function去复杂化

489.photodetector under shining of633nm light照射

490.Figure4plots画出了

491.magnified image放大图

492.As expected如预期的

493.is speculated to be推导出

时态用法

摘要:一般现在时

引言:一般现在时,别人说用过去式,

1.别人发现什么it was found that sth done sth

2.it indicates that说的内容用一般现在时

3.对于现在我们做的it is found that sth do sth

4.study,investigation等要用过去式的被动was studied,was carried out,was observed,也可以用现在完成时,现在完成时和过去完成时区别只是起点不一样,一个是以现在为起点,一个以过去为起点。

5.陈述一种事实用一般现在时(可有引用文献)

6.涉及到figure这种词一般用现在时

实验:过去式

结果与讨论:一般用现在时,如果有人为因素,如我们做了什么事情,要用过去式,因为是过去做的。涉及实验部分也要用过去式。

结论:the experimental investigations revealed/It was shown that/It was revealed experimentally that 后面加一般现在时陈述你之前得出的结果

7.注意点:当用到用什么设备测试时用过去时,当关于我们以前做了什么,执行什么动作时用过去式,但是如we believe,we find,we can see that,we observe观测到什么结果,这些词可不用过去式。可用could/would be done sth,讲到其他文献时用过去式

1.不可数名词一般不加the,要特指才加the,具体化,但是如the realization of是固定用法,

realization是不可数,

2.复数可以不加the,

3.中文里的这个,那个,某特定的,能指出来的就加,你都不清楚指不出的不加。

4.表示抽象意义、概念的不可数名词和复数不加the

5.组合词看特指没特指,没特指不加the,如deposited on Si substrate,deposited on the Si substrate

韩语分类词汇

韩语分类词汇 1. # 韩语分类词汇 # 【近义词?? & ??】 ??(抗拒,违抗,违逆) : ?????????拒绝组织命令 ??(抗拒,反抗,反对) : ???????对态度抗拒 2. # 韩语分类词汇 # 【近义词?? & ??】 ??(开国,开放门户) : ?????????参加开国大典 ??(建国) : ??????? . 制作建国计划 3. # 韩语分类词汇 # 【近义词:?? & ??】 ??(开放) : ?????????开放某一范围 ??(公开) : ???????公开秘密 4. # 韩语分类词汇 # 【近义词?? & ??】 ??(强制) : ????强制保险 ??(强权) : ???? , ????强权势力 , 强权国家 5. # 韩语分类词汇 # 【近义词?? & ??】 ??(承受、承担、担当、胜任) : ???????担当业务 ??(忍受) : ??????? . 忍受痛苦 6. # 韩语分类词汇 # 公交篇???司机、??车票、??零钱、?? ??买票、???成人票、???儿童票、??座位、???博爱座、 ????上车、????下车、??乘客、???下车铃、???站牌、 ???手拉环、??终点站 7. # 韩语分类词汇 # 【近义词?? & ??】 ??(简略) : ???????介绍简单 ??(简朴) : ???????生活简朴 8. # 韩语分类词汇 # 今天要教大家一些四字成语噢 ????多多益善,????不计其数,????无穷无尽,????比比皆是,????愚公移山,????一朝一夕,????诚心诚意,????千辛万苦,????百战百胜,????龙头蛇尾,????无法无天,????千钧一发,????胡言乱语 9. # 韩语分类词汇 # 【人体部位篇】头??、额头??、鼻子?、牙齿?、下巴?、胸??、手?、腰??、脚?、头发????、眉毛??、嘴,口?、耳朵?、脖子,颈?、肚子?、手腕儿??、手指??

英语论文写作方法

一.关于本专业毕业论文地选题 二.英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大地方向中进行,即英语文学,语言学和 翻译学.各个大方向中又可以选择小地方向,具体解释如下:.英语文学:选择英语文学地毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行:国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究. 在进行国别文学研究选题时,一般选取英国文学或美国文学中地某一经典作家(如海明威),某一经典作品(如《双城记》),某一写作手法(如象征手法地运用)或某一文学思潮(如浪漫主义运动)作深入研究.但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典地作家或作品.有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名,容易引起学生地兴趣,如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》,学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象.在不可避免上述情况时,应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在地深刻含义,不能流于肤浅地分析. 文学批评理论地选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生,因为该理论知识地学习在英语专业研究生阶段,本科生一般不具备文学批评理论地知识结构.这个方向地选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语地阐释或某两种或以上地文学批评理论地比较. 比较文学研究就是将两个以上地作家或作品进行比较.这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别地(如“雪莱与拜伦地诗歌比较”),也可以是不同国别地(如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》).语言学:选择语言学地毕业论文选题可以在两个大地方向进行:普通语言学和应用语言学. 普通语言学地研究就是对于英语语言地任何一个方面地研究,如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面地研究(如“一般现在时及其交际功能”). 应用语言学包括教学法地研究和其它一些新兴地应用语言学分支地研究.师范专业或本身从事教师职业地学生选择教学法方向地较多.在这个方向选题,也要避免过大范围地选题,而应对一个具体问题进行研究,最重要地是要结合教学实践或实验.这个方向地好地选题有:“个性与英语教学”,“方言对英语学习地影响” 等. .翻译学:翻译学地选题一般可以在两个方向上进行:翻译理论以及翻译活动. 对翻译理论地研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等.相比之下,对翻译活动地研究更多一些,这些选题可以是对一种语言现象地翻译、或一种修辞格地翻译地研究(如“汉语成语地英译”).应该注意地是,在对翻译活动作研究时,往往需要某种翻译理论支撑,总结规律,并对这一活动作出评价,要避免仅仅时例子地罗列. 二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分. (一)前置.英文封面:由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成. .目录:由论文地中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成,排在英文封面之后另页. .中、英文内容摘要:摘要是论文地内容不加注释和评论地简短陈述,宜以最简洁地语言介绍论文地概要、作者地突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论,是一篇完整地短文,可以独立使用,中文摘要一般在字左右关键词:关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息地单词或术语.为便于文献检索,学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”,这些关键词就是论文地中心词,以显著地字符另起一行,分别排在中、外文摘要地左下方.各关键词之间用“分号”隔开.外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应. (二)主体部分主题部分包括引言()、正文()、结论()、参考文献().主体部分必须由另页右页开始. .引言:主要说明研究工作地目地、涉及范围、相关领域地前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面地概述、理论意义和实用价值等. .正文:论文地正文是核心部分,占主要篇幅.一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证.要求论据充分,论点明确.行文必须实事求是,客观真切,准确完备,合乎逻辑,层次分明,简练可读.正文部分要有分级标题,章、条、款、项地序号编码

2韩语常用单词(带音标)

韩语常用单词 (01) ?? {a.i} 孩子 (25) ?? {kuea.zca} 饼干 (02) ?? {o.i} 黄瓜 (26) ??? {go.gu.ma} 地瓜 (03) ? {o} 五 (27) ??? {xue.go.gi} 牛肉 (04) ? { i } 牙齿.2(数字中的2) (28) ?? {tui.ji} 猪 (05) ?? {a.u} 弟弟 (29) ????{tui.ji.go.gi} 猪肉 (06) ? {ǖi} 胃 (30) ?? {sea.su} 洗脸 (07) ?? {ka+gu} 家具 (31) ? {so} 牛 (08) ? {na} 我 (32) ?? {yu.din} 玻璃 (09) ?? {u.ri} 我们 (33) ?? {hu.ji} 手纸 (10) ?? {do.si} 都市 (34) ?? {ie.za} 女子.女人 (11) ?? {mo.za} 帽子 (35) ?? {ei.sa} 医生 (12) ?? {ba.da} 海 (36) ?? {si.gae} 表.手表 (13) ??? {a.beo.ji(zi)} 爸爸 (37) ?? {u.yu} 牛奶 (14) ?? {zu.so} 地址 (38) ? {ko} 鼻子 (15) ?? {ca.di}{za.ri} 位子 (39) ? {pa} 葱 (16) ??? {e.meo.ni} 妈妈 (40) ? {ca} 车.茶 (17) ?? {ha.na} 一个 (41) ? {ka} 个子.钥匙 (18) ?? {heo.di}{heo.ri} 腰 (42) ?? {keo.pi} 咖啡 (19) ?? {go.gi}{ko.ki} 肉 (43) ?? {si.da} 用.写.苦(味道) (20) ?? {ka.su} 歌手 (44) ?? {po.do} 葡萄 (21) ?? {no.ra} 歌 (45) ?? {ji.gae} 汤 (22) ?? {meo.di} 头 (46) ?? {ka.za} 假 (23) ?? {pu.bu}{bu.bu} 夫妇 (47) ?? {po.da} 看.比 (24) ?? {ka.gea} 店 . 店面 (48) ?? {za.da} 便宜

英文科技论文写作常用句式

在这篇文章中,我们说明(介绍)了一种……方法 In this work ,we address the problem of +doing sth In this paper , we propose the ... 在这一章节,我们介绍…… In this section , we present ... We demonstrate out algorithm on two tasks : A被认为是B A can be regarded as B 为了这个目的,我们提出了A To this end ,we propose A. 在样本的……和……上都很有效 make effective use of both ...and ...among samples. 当应用到……中的时候When applied to... 通过将……和……结合起来,…… By combining ...and ... , .... A是B中的一个基本问题之一A is one of the fundamental problems in B 目的在于…… Its goal is to do ... We aim at doing... Our target is ... Our basic notion is to do... 为了达到……的目的To achieve ... To achieve this , 因为……,做什么是困难的 As .... , it is very difficult to do .... As..., ir is usually hard to ... Due to ... e.g.:As the variance of object shape and color within an object class can be large,it is very difficult to obtain class-specific features that can describe the object class accurately. 就这点而言,…… In this regard, ... 一方面来说,……,另一方面来说,……On the one hand , ... , on the other hand , ... 1

文献综述参考范文

论《飘》中的现实主义 文献综述 引言 在20世纪的英美文学中,最具轰动效应的,莫过于美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔(Margaret Mitchell,1900—1949)的长篇小说《飘》。该书自1936年问世以来,历经半个多世纪的考验,依然盛销不衰。小说以美国南北内战为背景,以战争的发展为线索,主要描写了女主人公斯嘉丽与维希礼和巴特勒之间的纠葛和恩怨。小说整体上是以女主人公斯嘉丽的爱情史为中心,虚写战争,实写战争对人类心灵的影响。此外,小说里还表现了对十九世纪中期美国南北文化的差异和矛盾,既是对当时南北战争中美国人的生活的生动刻画,也表现了当时战争中美国人勇敢和执着的精神。它是一部浪漫主义与现实主义创作手法相结合的优秀作品。尽管美国文坛一直有意贬低《飘》的文学价值,但它虽然未能进入文学经典的殿堂,却走进了千百万读者的心中。 一、国内对《飘》的相关评论 相对于西方而言,我国在《飘》的研究方面起步较晚,长期存在着接受与研究的严重脱节。即使是近年来这部小说获得越来越多的肯定评价,并正式进入文学史(以毛信德的《美国小说史纲》和王长荣的《现代美国小说》为代表),但对《飘》的研究也还是流于表面和简单。仅以中译本的序言水平就可见一斑:1990 年中国刮起了重译《飘》的旋风,一时出现沪本、京本、浙本三个版本的热闹场面,却没有一个本子的序言水平超过几十年前傅东华的译序。 《飘》作为一部富有争议的小说,吸引了许多文学工作者的目光。目前已有不少人从不同角度对《飘》进行了分析和欣赏。 张玉霞在《美国通俗小说经典〈飘〉研究综论》一文中认为,要对《飘》的持久魅力作出合理阐释,在整体的历史、文化的广阔视野关照下,必须回到细致的文本研究中去。张玉霞介绍了两个路径:1、把《飘》置于通俗文学发展进程中考察。从文类所属来看,它是历史小说与浪漫言情故事两个类型的交叉。偏重于形式要素的分析,得出的结论在于——优秀通俗小说的特征是“模式与模式突破”,即在内容和形式层面都具有承继、超越的双重性。而通俗小说的创作及接受两方面都受之影响。可以运用小说叙事学的研究方法进行具体的文本分析,并结合通俗小说类型研究来深入剖析《飘》的叙事结构特点。2、从创作流派及本土背景考察作为南方文学的《飘》,在解构与重建南方文化方面所具有的深刻内涵。 张淑英在《〈飘〉的流行与寂寞》一文中提到美国小说《飘》之所以能广泛流传的原因:一是艺术上的极高造诣,二是电影的推波助澜。然而,与小说的畅销和电影的火爆形成鲜明对照的是,一些文学史或文学手册中有关它的评论极少。很多人认为它是一部政治上反动的作品,这主要表现在小说对奴隶主和奴隶的阶级地位的描写,以及对南北战争有仇视情绪。 在王长荣的《现代美国小说史》中提到,《飘》是一部浪漫主义与现实主义创作手法相结合的优秀作品。他认为在人物塑造上,《飘》运用了浪漫主义的创作手法,女主人公斯嘉丽实际上成了表现南方神话的理想人物。从客观上讲,米切尔美化了正在崩溃的南方庄园经济,表现出对农奴主的同情。另一方面,在处理时代背景和人物对话时,米切尔却运用了现实主义的手法,使人读起《飘》来感到真切动人。

Summary的写作技巧和常见句型

S u m m a r y 的写作技巧和常见句型 、概括原文 一)阅读 1. 读懂文章读文章的时候,要养成良好的阅读习惯,划划写写,英文阅读的时候,用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。 认真阅读给定的原文材料。如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍。阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。 2. 拆分文章按照作者的思路,把文章分段,每个段落用几个词,几个短语概括。尽量简短,精 炼。 段落中心句,在段落的开头或末尾。有时也会变态的在当中。 3. 概括主旨写出文章的thesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。 二)基本结构和技巧 1.重新拟定标题给summary 起一个标题。用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。 2. 阐述观点 摘要应全部用自己的话完成。不要引用原文的句子。写概述的时候,如果能够明确是他人写作的文章,注意要把作者的名字放在第一句(或者是接着写出要阐述的main ideas (主要观点)和supporting points (对主要观点的the author .. )。

支持)。 3. 词汇运用 注意概述的cohere nee (连贯性),运用好tran siti on words (过渡 词) , like however, furthermore, nonetheless, besides, therefore etc. 4. 删除细节 只保留主要观点。 5. 选择一至两个有代表性的例子 原文中可能包括5 个或更多的例子,你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。 6. 把长句变成短句,把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。 He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. 可以概括为:“ He was in finan cial difficulties. His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion- like. ” 可以概括为:” He was very brave in battle. He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor. 可以概括为:“ He was in finan cial difficulties. 6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。请看下面的例子: Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago. ” 可以概括为:” Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited by only a few people, are today accessible to many, thanks to better wages, paid holidays,

韩国语基础常用单词(带音标)

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