高考英语-专题检测卷(十六)-阅读理解
专题检测卷(十六)
阅读理解
(建议用时: 25分钟)
A
(2013·潍坊模拟)
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It’s not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The argument is often conveniently referred to as nature vs. nurture.
Those who support the“nature”side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined(注定)to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).
Proponents of the“nurture”theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli(something that helps sb. /sth. to develop better and more quickly)as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political connections of these two theories are significant. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some“nature”proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically worse than whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the argument will continue for a long time is certain.
1. The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem .
A. why our personalities and behaviors differ
B. what makes different stages of intelligence
C. how social scientists form different theories
D. what causes the“nature/nurture”argument
2. The underlined word“proponents”can best be replaced by .
A. approaches
B. advocates
C. principles
D. characters
3. Which of the following statements may be supported by the“nature”school?
A. We are born with certain personalities and behaviors.
B. Environment has nothing to do with our personalities.
C. Abilities and characteristics are showed by behaviors.
D. Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts.
4. What can we learn about the behaviorists?
A. They believe human beings are mechanical.
B. They compare our behaviors to the machines.
C. They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do.
D. They agree that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well.
5. The“nature”theorists believe that the blacks’ low scores .
A. are the result of the educational disadvantages
B. are a display of the blacks’ poor intelligence
C. have nothing to do with their true intelligence
D. have nothing to do with factors other than heredity
B
体裁议论文话题教育孩子词数291
When a child is told he is“uncool”, it can be very painful. He may say he doesn’t care, and even act in ways that are opposite of cool on purpose. But these are simply ways to handle sadness by pretending it’s not there.
Helping a child feel better in school had to be careful. If you say,
“Why are you worried about what other children think about you? It
doesn’t matter! ”Children know that it does matter. Instead, an
active way may be best. You could say, “I’m going to do a couple
of things for you to help you feel better in school. ”
If a boy is having trouble making friends, the teacher can help him.
The teacher can arrange things so that he has chances to use his
abilities to contribute to class projects. This is how the other children learn how to value his good qualities and to like him. A teacher can also raise a child’s popularity in the group by showing that he values that child. It even helps to put him in a seat next to a very popular child, or let him be a partner with that child in activities, etc.
There are things that parents can do at home, too. Be friendly when your child brings others home to play. Encourage him to invite friends to meals and then serve the dishes they consider. When you plan trips, picnics, movies, and other shows, invite another child with whom your child wants to be friends.
What you can do is give him a chance to join a group that may be shutting him out. Then, if he has good qualities, he can start to build a real friendship of his own.
6. A child who has been informed of being“uncool”may .
A. care nothing about it
B. do something uncool on purpose
C. develop a sense of anger
D. pretend to get hurt very much
7. A teacher can help an unpopular child by .
A. seeing the child as the teacher’s favorite
B. asking the child to do something for partners
C. forcing other children to make friends with the child
D. offering the child chances to show his good qualities
8. How can parents help their child fit in better?
A. By cooking delicious food for him.
B. By being kind to his schoolmates.
C. By forcing him to invite friends home.
D. By taking him to have picnics in the park.
9. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Children don’t care others’ comments on them.
B. It’s only teachers’ work to make children popular.
C. Parents should take their children out for picnics and shows more often.
D. Inviting children’s friends to family activities is good for them to make friends.
10. The text is mainly about .
A. how an unpopular child can be helped
B. why some children are unpopular
C. what good qualities unpopular children have
D. who care about unpopular children
C
体裁应用文话题职场“分手”礼仪词数360
How Many Ways Can You Say Goodbye to a Job?
As talk of a thaw in hiring freezes rises above a whisper, many people are already planning to look for a new position when the job market picks up.
But the way you quit can have a long term impact on your career.
How to resign on good terms:
Be prepared.
Review your employee handbook or employment contract before
announcing your decision, so you know what company policy is
regarding resignations, severance, the return of company property
and pay for unused vacation time. If you have another job lined up, be sure to have your offer in writing before you resign.
Use it or lose it.
If you haven’t used vacation time and will lose it if you quit, you might want to use your time before leaving or link it to your resignation date. But if you don’t want to burn any bridges, don’t take vacation and announce your departure just after you return.
Make an appointment.
Be formal and make an appointment with your boss. Prepare what you want to say. Be direct and be transparent. After the discussion, put your resignation in a hardcopy letter that includes your last day and any transitional help you’ve offered. Keep a copy. Two weeks advance notice is still standard but experts recommend offering more time if you’ve worked at the company for more than five years. You also need to be prepared to leave right away some companies require it.
Scrub your digital footprint.
Clear your browser cache, remove passwords to Web sites you use from work, such as your personal email or online bank account and delete any personal files on your work computer that aren’t relevant to work. Don’t delete anything work related if you’re required to keep it.
Stay close.
Consider joining an employee alumni association, which often serves as a networking group for former employees. It can be a good way to keep up with changes in the company and industry and find leads to new jobs down the road. Keep in touch with coworkers you worked closely with; they may end up in management roles.
11. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. How to hunt for a job.
B. Some tips on how to resign on good terms.
C. Some ways of making an appointment with your boss.
D. How to keep in touch with your colleagues.
12. What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean?
A. You don’t want to continue to work here.
B. You don’t want to be fined.
C. You want to take a vacation.
D. You want to leave room for necessity.
13. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. You can resign without hesitation if you don’t like your job.
B. You should ignore your boss when presenting your resignation.
C. You’d better keep in touch with your coworkers after resignation.
D. You must delete anything in the computer you once used when you resign.
14. You should notice the company in advance if you have worked in the company for more than five years.
A. more than two weeks
B. less than two weeks
C. only two weeks
D. only one moment
15. How many ways of resigning are mentioned in the passage?
A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
D. Six.
【拓展训练】
阅读C篇, 写出文中出现的以下短语。
1. 对……有长期的影响_________________
2. 和……约定_________________
3. 网上银行账户_________________
4. 跟上; 赶上_________________
5. 与……保持联系_________________
答案解析
A
【文章大意】本文主要讲了性格和行为的成因。
1.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。首段首句指出作者要讨论的问题, 第二段开始从两个方面解释该问题, 末段是总结段, 由此看来, 首段首句和末段首句提到的人类行为是本文的中心内容, 因此答案为A。
2.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据文章内容, 我们可以判断proponent应指人, 指这两种理论的支持者, 只有advocates“拥护者”符合这种推测, 故选B。
3.【解析】选A。细节理解题。第三段首句的largely determined by biological and genetic factors和末句的governed by our instincts都表明“天性论”派会认同A项的看法, 故选A。
4.【解析】选C。细节理解题。本题实际上考查对第四段末句的正确理解。原文该句中的like machines, humans respond. . . 表明作者并非单纯把人类比作机器, 而是把人类对环境的反应与机械对环境的反应做对比, 由此可见, C为正确的理解。
5.【解析】选D。细节理解题。将D选项与第三段结合起来, 可以确定D为本题答案, 只有D 项才符合“天性论”派对性格与行为形成的看法。
B
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了父母和老师怎样帮助一个不酷的孩子交到朋友。
6.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知, 当一个孩子被告知他不酷的时候, 他可能会说他不在乎甚至会故意做出不酷的行为来。
7.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句The teacher can arrange things so that he has chances to use his abilities to contribute to class projects. 老师可以安排一些事情, 这样他有机会运用他的能力为班级做贡献。
8.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第二句Be friendly when your child brings others home to play. 当孩子带其他同学回家玩的时候, 父母一定要友好。
9.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知家长邀请孩子的好友来聚会有助于孩子交友。
10.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了父母和老师怎样帮助一个不酷的孩子交到朋友。
C
【文章大意】本文主要讲了5种职场“分手”礼仪。
11.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。第一段最后一句How to resign on good terms: 是文章的中心句, 故B项为最佳答案。
12.【解析】选D。句意猜测题。画线句子意思是: 如果你想给自己留条后路, 故选D。
13.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知你最好在辞职后和以前的同事保持联系, 故C项表述是正确的。根据Be prepared. 部分内容可知A项不正确; 根据Make an appointment. 部分的内容可知B项表述错误; 根据Scrub your digital footprint. 部分内容可知D项表述也不正确。
14.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据Make an appointment. 部分内容Two weeks advance notice is still standard but experts recommend offering more time if you’ve worked at the company for more than five years. 可知本题选A。
15.【解析】选C。细节理解题。纵观全文文章提到了5种职场“分手”礼仪, 即: Be prepared, Use it or lose it, Make an appointment, Scrub your digital footprint, Stay close。
【拓展训练】
1.have a long term impact on
2. make an appointment with
3. online bank account
4. keep up with
5. keep in touch with
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