中考英语复习资料.doc

中考英语复习资料.doc
中考英语复习资料.doc

2018中考英语复习资料(2)

2.短语动词的被动语态:在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去。

3.含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意:省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上。

4.不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为to be +过去分词。

5.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序:应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,但仍然放在句子开头。例如:

E.注意区别

被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别:

1)含义不同:被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成;而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较:

2)用法不同:过去分词作表语时可以被so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too修饰,而需用much,very much,so much,too much修饰。试比较:

F.牢记(相关)句型

初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有:

1.be covered with被覆盖

2.be made of由制作(发生物理变化)

be made from由制作(发生化学变化)

be made in由(某地)制造

be made by被(某人)制造

3.be used for被用来

be used as被当作(作为) 来使用

be used to do sth.被用来做某事

4.It is said that 据说

It is hoped that 希望

中考英语复习重点(五)

一.先行词对定语从句中的动词的制约。

1. I , who am you friend, will help you certainly.

学习者受疑问句Who is that man?Who is coming?等的影响,在定语从句中也用is,忘记了先行词是I,后面的动词应为am。

2. He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.

在定语从句的习惯使用中,one of后面的名词是复数,这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词,因而know不作加s. 而在one of 前面有the或the only时,后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。如:

3. He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.

而在现代英语中我们也可以见到在one of 加名词复数的后面定语从句作单数动词的情况:

4. This is one of those novels which begins with an idea.

然而在测试中我们还是按习惯用复数动词为宜。

二.主句和从句的时态可以不一致

5.Tom, who is my friend , came to see me yesterday.

在定语从句中,据需要可以用一般现在的状态,如who is my friend这个从句中,就要用现在时。初学者往往以为主句用过去时,则从句也用过去时。实际上主句和从句的时态是根据意义需要来决定的而不同。

三.在从句中使用了多余的代词

6、I ll give you the book which you ll find it interesting.

定语从句中的it是多余的,因为which 已经代表了the book 在定语从句中做了find 的宾语。不能又it来做它的宾语。

四.漏了关系词

7.I met the man stole my watch.

受汉语影响,学生的练习中经常写出这类句子。英语的一般特点就是如果有从句出现,从句要有引导词引导这从句。只有个别的句子才有省略引导词的,一般是不宜省略引导词的。

五.漏了应带的介词

8.Let s find a room which we can put our things in.

在先行词需要在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,这个介词是不能漏的,如此句中的in。因此在学习中先要明确先行词在定语从句中是做主语还是做状语。在这句中room在定语从句中是做put in 的宾语的,如果在这句中的room要做定语从句的地点状语,则关系词which改为where也可。

介词是在先行词为time, place, way等等时才有省略。

六.分清介词是属于哪一部分的

9. This is the town that she lived in Germany when she was young.

在she lived in Germany里有介词in,但它不是lived in the town的结构,而是the town in Germany的结构,也就是说in是后面的,那么lived后面就少了一个in. 正确的可以是:

10. This is the town where she lived in Germany when she was young.

11. This is the town which she lived in in Germany when she was young.

七.分不清先行词是在从句中做主语还是做宾语

12. This is the house where they lived last year.

13. This is the house (which/that) they built last year.

在12句中house在定语从句中做地点状语,所以关系词用where; 在13句中house在定语从句中做宾语所以用which/ that 或者省略。

14. This is the time when we left.

15. This is the time that reminded us of the happy life in out school.

在14句中,time在定语从句中做了时间状语,而在15句中,time则做了主语。所以用的引导词不同。

八.分不清定语从句还是其他从句

a. 定语从句还是状语从句

16. Here is such a big stone as no one can move.

17. Here is so big a stone as no one can move.

18. Here is such a big stone that no one can move it

19. Here is so big a stone that no one can move it.

在16,17句中as 都在定语从句中做了move 的宾语,as是引导词,引导定语从句,而在18,19句中,that 上作来引导状语从句的。

20.I ll go to the place where you stay.

21. I ll go where you stay.

在句20中where是引导定语从句,而在句21 中where是引导在点状语从句的。

b. 定语从句还是主语从句

22. As is known to all, they are sure to win.

23. It s known to all that they are sure to win.

在句22中as是关系代词,代表后面的整个句子做主句的主语。在句23中it是代词,代表that引导的句子做主句的主语。

九.看不出插入句部分,以为是定语从句,影晌句中动词的选择

24. I met a man who I thought _____ to help us.

a. would come

b. of coming

c. to come

d. come

许多学生一看though马上就想起think of doing sth而选了c. 然而在这里I thought是一个插入成份,如果将其省掉就容易看出who是后面的主语了。同样who也不会用whom 了。

分辨不出限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句有一些分别:

25. All the books here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.

26. All the books here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.

句25 一般表示所有的书都是他写的。句26则表示所有有图画的书是他写的。

27. My father, who works in Shanghai, writes to me twice a month.

28. My father who works in Shanghai writes to me twice a month.。

同样27,28一般的情况下是略有不同意义的。想想下句,如无逗号意义怎样。

2018中考英语复习资料

中考英语复习重点(一)

1.动词need, want, require表示需要时,后接动名词或不定式的被动式表示被动意义。如:

Your room needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 你的房间需要打扫一下。

My house requires repairing/to be cleaned. 我的房子需要修理一下。

2.在be worth doing 短语中,动作与主语之间存在动宾关系,用主动形式表示被动意义。如:

This book is well worth reading 这本书很值得一读。

3.在主语+be + adj +to do 这个句型中,不定式动作与主语之间存在动宾关系,则用主动形式表示被动意义。如:

This question is hard to answer. 这个问题很难回答。

English is easy to learn. 英语很好学。

4.连系动词(如:feel,taste,sound,smell,look等)用主动形式表示被动意义。如:

This material feels very soft. 这块材料摸上去很柔软。

This apple tastes good. 这个苹果尝起来很好吃。

5.有些表示主语内在性质或性能的不及物动词常与一些副词连用,用一般现在时的主动形式表示被动意义,其主语一般为事物。这些动词有:sell,read,

write,wash,wear,last等。如:

The pen writes smoothly 这支笔写起来很流畅。

This kind of food sells well. 这种食物很畅销。

6.Won t或wouldn t表示不愿时,后面的动词常用主动形式表示被动意义。如:

The door won t open. 这门就是打不开。

This box wouldn t move. 这个盒子就是移不动。

中考英语复习重点(二)

连词有:as, as if/ as though

(1)as引导的方式状语从句,意为以方式;如同那样,从句有时是省略句。如:

Do as I say. 要照我说的做。

I did just as you told me. 我正是照你说的办的。

Air is to man as water is to fish. 空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。

(2)as if/as though引导的方式状语从句

as if和as though的用法相同,都作好像,仿佛解。如:

二者引导的状语从句往往用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。as if比as though 更为常用。但也可用陈述语气,表示所说的情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。如:They looked at me as if , as though I were mad.

他们瞧着我好像我发疯了似的。

They look as if/as though they know each other.

他们看来好像互相认识。

中考英语复习重点(三)

一般现在时:

常与always,often,sometimes, every day连用,表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。提醒你当第三人称单数做主语时,别忘了动词的变化。注

意:象地球大,月亮小等客观真理、事实一定用一般现在时。

现在进行时:

要注意其构成:由be+动词+ing,表示说话时正在进行的动作。如:We re studying now. 我们现在正在学习。

一般过去时:

表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常与yesterday,last year,in 1949,two years ago,等表示过去时间的状语连用。注意:We often went to dance last summer.有的同学一见到often就想到用一般现在时,其实因为后面有表示过去时间的last summer,所以要用过去式,千万别误用了,切记,切记。

过去进行时:

显然过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在做什么,常和特定的时间状语如at that time,at six yesterday,at that moment,when he came in等连用。如:When he knocked at the door,his mother was cooking.

一般将来时:

表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来时间状语如next year,tomorrow等连用。注意:在Will you ?问句中,回答必须是Yes,I will.或No,I won t而不能用Yes,I shall. No, I shan t.来回答过去将来时:过去将来时不可以单独使用,它一般在宾语从句中作间接引语,表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如:They told me that they would go to work in Guangdong.

现在完成时:

顾名思义,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作,但动作造成的影响还在,常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。如:He has already gone to Tianjin. 对现在造成的影响是他已经不在这儿了。现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,常带有for或since等表示一段时间的状语。如:Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,我们常用过来表示,常带有twice, once, ever, never等时间状语。如:I ve never seen that film.

过去完成时:

我们可以用过去的过去来概括过去完成时,表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作,通常与by,before等构成的短语或when, before, after 引导的从句连用。也可表示过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作,常和for或since构成的时间状语连用。用法和现在完成时大致相同,只不过又向前推了一个时态。

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