2016年考研英语一真题及答案解析大师兄版

24.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for_____.

[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.[B]caring too much about models’character.

[C]showing little concern for health factors.[D]setting a high age threshold for models.

25.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?_____.

[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

[B]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

Text2

For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country.In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate“the countryside”alongside the royal family,Shakespeare and the National Health Service(NHS)as what make them proudest of their country,this has limited political support.

A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save“the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”.It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience“a refreshing air”.Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts.They don’t make countryside any more,and every year concrete consumes more of it.It needs constant guardianship.

At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment.The Conservatives’planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing“off–plan”building where local people might object.The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development.The Liberal Democrats are silent.Only Ukip,sensing its chance,has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land.Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.

The sensible place to build new houses,factories and offices is where people are,in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place.The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone,with no intrusion on green belt.What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.

The idea that“housing crisis”equals“concreted meadows”is pure lobby talk.The issue is not the need for more houses but,as always,where to put them.Under lobby pressure,George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal.He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets.This is not a free market but a biased one.Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.We do not ruin urban conservation areas.Why ruin rural ones?

Development should be planned,not let rip.After the Netherlands,Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence,while still permitting low-density urban living.There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal,Spain or Ireland.Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.

26.Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside_____.

[A]has brought much benefit to the NHS.[B]didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.

[C]is fully backed by the royal family.[D]is not well reflected in politics.

27.According to Paragraph2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being_____.

[A]gradually destroyed[B]effectively reinforced

[C]largely overshadowed[D]properly protected

28.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph3?_____.

[A]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.

[B]The Conservatives may abandon“off-plan”building.

[C]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.

[D]Labour is under attack for opposing development.

29.The author holds that George Osborne’s preference_____.

[A]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.

[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.

[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.

[D]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.

30.In the last paragraph,the author shows his appreciation of_____.

[A]the size of population in Britain[B]the political life in today’s Britain

[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[D]the town-and-country planning in Britain

Text3

“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel Prize-winning economist,“That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies—at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.

The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billion a year on CSR,according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a“signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse“halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.

Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations,they could be influenced only by the halo effect.

The study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency:Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%results in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,”says one researcher.

Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.

31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with_____.

[A]tolerance[B]skepticism

[C]uncertainty[D]approval

32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company by_____.

[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers

[C]winning trust from consumers[D]raising the quality of its products

33.The expression“more lenient”(Line2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to_____.

[A]more effective[B]less controversial

[C]less severe[D]more lasting

34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company’s CSR record_____.

[A]has an impact on their decision.[B]comes across as reliable evidence.

[C]increases the chance of being penalized.[D]constitutes part of the investigation.

35.Which of the following is true of CSR,according to the last paragraph?_____.

[A]Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.

[B]The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.

[C]Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.

[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.

Text4

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.”Sometime in the future,”the paper’s publisher said back in2010.

Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper–printing presses,delivery trucks–isn’t just expensive;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from print anyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.

Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.

Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go about doing it the right way.“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,”he said,“but if you discontinue it,you’re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”

Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming.“It was seen as blunder,”he said.The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?“I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,”he said.“I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”

The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.“So if you’re overpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping,”Peretti said.“Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words,if you’re going to make a print product,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it.Which may be what the Times is doing already.Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly$500a year–more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.

“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,”Peretti remarked.“But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes.In those situations,it’s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.”

36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to_____.

[A]the high cost of operation[B]the complaints from its readers

[C]the pressure from its investors[D]the increasing online ad sales

37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should_____.

[A]seek new sources of readership.[B]end the print sedition for good.

[C]aim for efficient management.[D]make strategic adjustments.

38.It can be inferred from Paragraphs5and6that a“legacy product”_____.

[A]helps restore the glory of former times.[B]is meant for the most loyal customers.

[C]will have the cost of printing reduced.[D]expands the popularity of the paper.

39.Peretti believes that,in a changing world_____.

[A]legacy businesses are becoming outdated.[B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving.

[C]aggressiveness better meets challenges.[D]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.

40.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?_____.

[A]Shift to Online Newspapers All at Once

[B]Cherish the Newspapers Still in Your Hand

[C]Make Your Print Newspapers a Luxury Good

[D]Keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10point)

[A]Create a new image of yourself

[B]Have confidence in yourself

[C]Decide if the time is right

[D]Understand the context

[E]Work with professionals

[F]Make it efficient

[G]Know your goals

No matter how formal or informal the work environment,the way you present yourself has an impact.This is especially true in the first impressions.According to research from Princeton University,people assess your competence,trustworthiness,and likeability in just a tenth of a second,solely based on the way you look.

The difference between today’s workplace and the“dress for success”era is that the range of options is so much broader.Norms have evolved and fragmented.In some settings,red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status;in others not so much.Plus,whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn.Chances are,your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two https://www.360docs.net/doc/8d8428695.html,lennials,it seems,face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.

So how do we navigate this?How do we know when to invest in an upgrade?And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals?Here are some tips:

41.__________________

As an executive coach,I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job,stepping into a new or more public role,or changing work environments.If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut,now may be a good time.If you’re not sure,ask for honest feedback from trusted friends,colleagues and professionals.Look for cues about how others perceive you.Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.

42.__________________

Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have.Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it?For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image.For another,it may be to be perceived as more approachable,or more modern and stylish.For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more“SoHo.”(It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)

43.__________________

Look at your work environment like an anthropologist.What are the norms of your environment?What conveys status?Who are your most important audiences?How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves?The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact.

44.__________________

Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context.Hire a personal stylist,or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew.Try a hair stylist instead of a barber.Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend.It’s not as expensive as you might think.

45.__________________

The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead,use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue.Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone,one article of clothing at a time.

Section III Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)

Mental health is our birthright.(46)We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy;it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend,a broken bone.Mental health can’t be learned,only reawakened.It is like immune system of the body,which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened,but which never leaves us.When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it,mental health will remain hidden from us.(47)Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud,it can be temporarily hidden from view,but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.

Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem–confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense.It allows us to have perspective on our lives—the ability to not take ourselves too seriously,to laugh at ourselves,to see the bigger picture,and to see that things will work out.It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48)Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles,with kindness if they are in pain,and with unconditional love no matter who they are.Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems,resolving conflict,making our surroundings more beautiful,managing our home life,or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier.It gives us patience for ourselves and toward others as well as patience while driving,catching a fish,working on our car,or raising a child.It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature,in culture,in the flow of our daily lives.

(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong,good from bad,friend from foe.Mental health has commonly been

called conscience,instinct,wisdom,common sense,or the inner voice.We think of it simply as a healthy and helpful flow of intelligent thought.(50)As you will come to see,knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.

SectionⅣWriting

Part A

51.Directions:

Suppose you are a librarian in your university.Write a notice of about100words providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not sign your own name at the end of the https://www.360docs.net/doc/8d8428695.html,e“Li Ming”instead.

Do not write the address.(10points)

Part B

52.Directions:

Write an essay of160-200words based on the following pictures.In your essay you should

1)describe the drawing briefly,

2)explain its intended meaning,and

3)give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题

大师兄版参考答案

Section I Use of English(10points)

1.A B C D

2.A B C D

3.A B C D

4.A B C D

5.A B C D

6.A B C D

7.A B C D

8.A B C D

9.A B C D10.A B C D

11.A B C D12.A B C D13.A B C D14.A B C D15.A B C D

16.A B C D17.A B C D18.A B C D19.A B C D20.A B C D

Section II Reading Comprehension(50points)

Part A(40points)

21.A B C D22.A B C D23.A B C D24.A B C D25.A B C D

26.A B C D27.A B C D28.A B C D29.A B C D30.A B C D

31.A B C D32.A B C D33.A B C D34.A B C D35.A B C D

36.A B C D37.A B C D38.A B C D39.A B C D40.A B C D

Part B(10points)

41.A B C D E F G42.A B C D E F G43.A B C D E F G

44.A B C D E F G45.A B C D E F G

注：第29题有争议，大师兄版选B，新东方版、沪江版选A。

Section III Translation(15points)

46.我们不必去学习如何保持心理健康；我们内在具有保持心理健康的能力，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口或是修复断裂的骨头。

47.我们并不会真的失去保持心理健康的能力；这种能力可能会暂时消失不见，但我们能很快重塑这种能力，就像乌云背后的太阳总归要露出来。

48.拥有一个健康的心理能让我们在他人遇到困难时对其表示同情，遭遇痛苦时对其显示关爱，以及不管看待任何人我们都会无条件地心怀大爱。

49.尽管保持心理健康是我们生活的万灵药，但它极其普通，因为你会发现指引我们作出艰难抉择的一直都是它。

50.正如你终将会明白的那样，知道自己一直有保持心理健康的能力并相信这种能力，能让我们放慢当下的脚步，快乐地生活。

SectionⅣWriting(25points)

Part A(10points)

Notice

Dear international students,

Welcome to our university!As a librarian,I feel it necessary to give you some basic information about our library, since all of you are new here.

First,the library is open from8a.m to10p.m throughout the year,except on pubic holidays,like the National Day, when the library will be closed.Second,a maximum of8books can be kept at a time and they must be brought back within30days.This rule is applicable to both Chinese and foreign students.Third,the humanities books are on the second floor,the science books are on the third floor and in the fourth floor there is a reading room where periodicals and newspapers in both Chinese and English are available.

For more information please follow us on WeChat.I wish you can have a good stay here.

Yours

Li Ming Part B(15points)

In the picture,on which the caption says“Better to set an example than to dictate”,the father who was sitting there watching TV asked his son to go to study.However,in the evening,the father was working against the clock,obviously trying to meet a deadline.What the meaning the picture conveys is that a good father has to be,in the first place,an example for his children.

In my opinion,the importance of a father being a model for his children can never be overestimated.As the saying goes,parents are a child’s first teacher.Parents are the ones with whom a child has most contact with,thus parents’behaviors will be imitated by the child.For example,if a father who is lazy has the habit of leaving things to the last minute,then his son will probably develop the same bad habit in late life.Therefore,a father should set good examples in his life.

To sum up,fathers as well as mothers have great influence on their children.Only when a father becomes a exemplary model for his children can he be called a good father.

15.【C】词汇题。本句句意“离过婚的人多少会…非议”。A项isolated“孤立”；C项view“看待，评价”；

D项expose“曝光；使…遭受”。根据disapproval“不同意；非难，指责”这一态度词汇，可知C项正确。

16.【A】词汇题。本句句意“离婚后，男方或女方在结婚时…的…财产都归其所保留”。显然property前面是

一个形容词。B项however“无论，多么”是副词，修饰形容词或副词，表强调；C项whenever“每当，无论何时”和D项wherever“无论哪里”都是连词。A项whatever有连词“无论何物”和形容词“任何”两个意思。

17.【B】词汇题。根据句意可知，本空表达的是“任何带进婚姻的财产”。B项bring sth into sth“带进，领进”

正确。其余三项虽然可与into搭配，但不符句意。

18.【D】词汇题。本句句意“而共同取得的财产则平均…”。D项divide“分配，分割”正确。A项withdraw

“撤退；取钱”。

19.【C】词汇题。根据下一句知“离异男女再婚所需的情况不同”，所以本空表达是“出现了性别歧视”。A

项break up“分裂；破裂；分手；解散”；B项warn不与up搭配；C项show up“出现”。D项clear up“放晴”；clear sth up“收拾；解决，澄清；治愈”。

20.【B】句意题。本句句意“离异男性不用等上一段时间才能再婚，…离异女性必须等10个月才能再婚”。

显然这是一种对比，B项while“而”正确。

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text1

原文标题：A Challenge to the Fashion Industry's Body Ideals

原文链接：https://www.360docs.net/doc/8d8428695.html,/Commentary/the-monitors-view/2015/0405/A-challenge-to-the-fashion-industry-s-body-ideals

大师兄英语点评：本文来自某网站，原文标题为《时尚界理想体型遭遇的挑战》。本文讲述法国开始出台措施来抑制模特过瘦这一现象。模特过瘦对自身健康不好，同时也会给年轻女性传达瘦就是美这种错误的观念。本文还提到了其他国家的时尚业也开始着手解决这个问题。但作者指出，解决这一问题最好的方式还是依靠道德上的劝诫。原文7段430词左右，命题人对原文仅替换了部分词汇，几乎完整保留了原文。本文难度不大。

21.【B】根据第一段第一句“France....has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women”（法国……如今已断定其时尚业已经失去了定义女性体型美的绝对权利）以及第二句、第三句的措施可知，法国将采取措施来“重新定义体型美”。所以B项正确。根据第三句可知C项“介绍节食的网站将会兴盛”错误；A项和D项均无法推断出。

22.【D】根据上下文的意思可以推测出“过瘦体型会损害健康”，而这正也是为什么法国出台措施禁止时尚业雇佣过瘦模特的原因。短语impinge on sth“冲击；侵害，侵犯”。

23.【A】根据第五段第二句“In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images”（美国、丹麦和其他一些国家的时尚业正试图为模特和时尚写真照片设置非强制的标准）可知A项“新标准将在丹麦实施”正确。B项“法国的措施已经失败”并没有提及也无法体现。C项“模特们不再有同侪压力”错误。D项“时尚业固有问题正变得糟糕”并没有提及。

24.【C】根据第六段前两句和第三句“The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week”（该章程的主要施行工具就是禁止违反规定的设计师和模特经纪机构参加哥本哈根时装周）可知设计师如果不意识到自己对模特理想体型的影响，即一味强调瘦为美导致模特不顾健康追求瘦，他就会被禁止参加CFW。所以C项“不太关注健康因素”正确；D项“为模特设定的年龄门槛比较高”并未提及。

25.【A】本文主要讲述时尚业有一种畸形的文化：美就是瘦到皮包骨。这种理想体型的观念是错误的，它不仅有害身体健康，而且还会对年轻女性产生负面示范作用。正因为此，法国、丹麦等国开始采取措施，要求时尚业来改变“瘦即美”、“皮包骨就是理想体型”这种不良风气。所以A项“时尚业理想体型遭遇挑战”最

符合本文标题。B项“法国饥饿模特面临两难境地”、C项“又一轮追求美的热潮”、D项“时尚业面临的巨大威胁”等都与本文无关。

Text2

原文标题：Is Ukip the only party that cares about the British countryside?来源：The Guardian

原文链接：https://www.360docs.net/doc/8d8428695.html,/commentisfree/2014/nov/05/ukip-british-countryside-environment-brownfield

大师兄英语点评：本文来自2014年11月5日刊《卫报》，原文标题为《独立党是唯一关心英国乡村的政党吗？》。本文讲述是英国各政党就该不该在英国乡村大规模建设住房这一问题阐明各自的立场。保守党认为“乡村建设”要优先于“乡村保护”，工党则希望终止那些遭到当地议会反对的开发计划。只有英国独立党明确反对在英国乡村建设住房的计划。本文作者的态度和独立党一样，也是反对开发乡村的。作者认为大规模开发会让乡村失去自然风景。原文11段700余词，命题人节选了6段。本文难度较大，完全理解比较困难。

背景介绍：近年来移民增加导致英国伦敦房价上涨、住房紧缺。呼吁建设更多住房的声音愈发强烈。但在哪里建设这些住房却让各政党和利益集团陷入争论。以全国托管组织（National Trust，英国保护名胜古迹的民间组织）为首的一方反对政府在乡村大规模建设住房，他们认为这会破坏英国人引以为豪的乡村自然风光和绿化地带；而开发商、建筑商等游说团体则极力支持在乡村建设住房。各政党在此问题上的立场也不尽相同。其中，英国独立党明确反对，而其他政党多支持这一计划。

26.【D】根据第一段第二句“While polls show Britons rate“the countryside”alongside....as what make them proudest of their country,this has limited political support”（尽管英国人把“乡村”随皇室、莎翁和国民医疗服务制度一起列为英国四大骄傲，但英国人的这种观点并没有得到多少政治支持）可知D项“并没有在政治上得到很好地反映”正确。

27.【A】根据第二段第四句“They don’t make countryside any more,and every year concrete consumes more of it”（如今公园和绿化带不再造就乡村，相反，混凝土建筑一年一年蚕食乡村）可知A项“被逐渐破坏”正确。B项“被有效地强化”；C项“大都被比的黯然失色”；D项“得到了适当保护”。

28.【A】根据第三段第六句“Only Ukip,sensing its chance,has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land”（只有英国独立党选择和那些呼吁政府在使用绿地方面要三思的人站在一起，因为该党觉得自己的机会来了）可知A项“独立可能从支持乡村保护中获益”正确。根据第三段第二句“The Conservatives’planning reform....even authorizing“off–plan”building...”（保守党的规划改革明确表态要给乡村建设而不是乡村保护以优先权，该改革方案甚至批准建设项目的“未建先售”模式）可知B项“保守党可能放弃‘未建先售’建设项目”错误。C项“自由民主党正在失去政治影响力”、D项“工党因反对乡村发展而遭到攻击”都无法体现。

29.【B】根据第五段最后三句“Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow.They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character.We do not ruin urban conservation areas.Why ruin rural ones?”（当高楼大厦保持在城镇和村庄的边缘、尊重它们的特色时，这些城镇和村庄才能发展得最好。我们没有毁掉城市的保护区。为什么要去毁掉乡村的保护区呢？）可知作者认为“在乡村建设住房等建筑会破坏掉农村，没有尊重乡村地区的特色”，所以B项“显示了他对乡村地区特点的忽视”正确。A项“显示出了对城市地区的强烈偏见”无法根据第三句“George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal”（英国财政大臣乔治·奥斯本选择支持在乡村建设新住房的计划，而不是对城市地区进行改造和翻新）推出。C 项“突显了缓解住房危机的必要性”和D项“突出了他反对游说集团压力的坚定立场”未提及。

30.【D】根据第六段第二句“Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence”（但半个世纪以来，科学的规划使得英国得以保留了另他国羡慕的乡村的原汁原味性）可知D项“英国的城镇和乡村规划”正确。

Text3

原文标题：Corporate social responsibility:The halo effect来源：The Economist

原文链接：https://www.360docs.net/doc/8d8428695.html,/news/business/21656218-do-gooding-policies-help-firms-when-they-get-prosecuted-halo-effect

大师兄英语点评：本文来自2015年6月27日刊《经济学人》，原文标题为《企业社会责任：成见效应》。本文讲述的是企业在社会责任方面的投入能从三个方面给企业带来经济上的效益。第一，消费者会认为企业在社会责任方面支出多是企业产品质量好的标志；第二，消费者会通过购买产品来支持企业的善举；第三，“成见效应”会让很多人购买时考虑该公司产品。本文主要探讨了“成见效应”对企业的影响。原文8段620余词。本文的难度不大。

31.【B】根据第一段第二句“But even if you accept Friedman’s premise...things may not be absolutely clear-act”（但即便你接受了弗里德曼的这一假设性的观点……事情或许并非绝对的简单明了）可知B项“质疑，怀疑”正确。A项tolerance“宽容；C项uncertainty“不确定性”；D项“赞同”。

32.【C】根据第二段第三至五句“First,consumers may take CSR spending...Second,customers may be willing to buy a company’s products...And third,through a more diffuse“halo effect”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others”（第一，消费者可能会把企业社会责任开支看做是一个“信号”，即：一公司的产品质量上乘。第二，消费者可能会愿意买一公司的产品……第三，公司通过“成见效应”这一效果更广泛的方式获益，即一公司的善行让消费者和其他人有购买需求时能更多地考虑该公司）可知C项“赢得消费者的信任”正确。A项“防止企业做出不当举动”和B项、D项无法体现。

33.【C】根据前文提到的“halo effect”和下文第五段第二句“....or increasing corporate giving by about20%, results in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishment...”（……或通过把企业的社会捐赠增加20%，因贿赂外国官员而遭起诉企业能得到较低的罚款额，这一额度要比通常的罚款额大体上低40%）可知C项“不太严重”正确。

34.【A】根据第五段第一句“the study concludes that...they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR”（这份研究得出这样的结论……但他们的确似乎会受到当事公司在企业社会责任方面的表现的影响）可知A项“对检察官的判决产生影响”正确。B项“让人觉得是可靠的证据”；C项“增加被处罚的几率”；D 项“成为调查的一部分”。

35.【B】根据第六段第一句“Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR”（研究者们承认，他们的研究并没有解答企业应该在企业社会责任上支出多少这一问题）可知B项“企业在企业社会责任方面的必要支出数额是多少尚不知晓”正确。A项“企业社会责任对企业的消极影响常常被忽视”错误，本文未提到企业社会责任的消极影响。C项“企业开展企业社会责任活动的经济能力被高估了”和D项“企业社会责任给银行业带来了不少好处”未提及。

Text4

原文标题：One Way to Phase Out Newspapers:Make Them a Luxury Good来源：The Atlantic

原文链接：https://www.360docs.net/doc/8d8428695.html,/technology/archive/2015/03/print-newspapers-are-for-rich-people/大师兄英语点评：本文来自2015年3月刊《大西洋周刊》，原文标题为《逐步放弃报纸的方式：让它成为一种奢侈品》。本文讲述的是，在互联网时代《纽约时报》该不该放弃纸质版这一问题。Jonah Peretti认为贸然舍弃纸质版是一个错误，因为这会让忠实读者失望。他指出，正确的方式是逐步提高价格让该报成为一种小众商品，以此来增加营收，因为最忠实的读者即便是在提价以后还会购买。原文8段600余词。本文稍有难度。

36.【A】根据第二段第二句“The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper...isn’t just expensive;it’s excessive”（做一份纸质版报纸的硬件设施……不只是贵，这些硬件设施的开支简直是离谱了）可知A项“运营的高昂成本”正确。其他三项未提及。

37.【D】根据第三段第二句“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them”（对《纽约时报》来说，花时间去想出一个能加快其转型的办法才是有意义的）可知D项“作出战略调整”正确。A项“寻找新的读者群来源”和C项“努力实现高效管理”在本文中均未提及；而根据第三段第一句可知B项“永久地终止纸质版”错误。

38.【B】根据第五段第一句“The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor”（最忠实的客户依旧还会买他们所钟爱的产品）和第四句“In other words,if you’re going to make a print product,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it”（换句话说，如果你想做一份纸质版报纸，那么你就要以那些已经痴迷上它的人为目标客户）可知B项“专为最忠实的客户制作”正确。A项“帮助恢复以前的荣耀”；C项“将让

印刷成本减少”；D项“扩大报纸的人气”。

39.【C】根据第六段第二至三句“But we’re going to have questions like that...when the market changes and the world changes.In those situations,it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive”（当市场和世界都改变时……我们也就会面临类似的难题。在这些情况下，激进举措要好于不痛不痒之举）可知C项“激进能更好应对挑战”正确。A项“小众产品行业正变得过时”；B项“谨慎有益于解决问题”；D项“传统奢侈品能不受影响”。

40.【C】本文主要讲述《纽约时报》该不该放弃纸质版的问题。在第二段Jonah Peretti说到“贸然停止纸质版是一个错误”；在第四段Jonah Peretti说到“我会提高价格，让该报成为一种小众产品（legacy product）”；在第五段和第六段，作者围绕Jonah Peretti所说的“小众化产品”描写。所以说本文可以用make your newspaper a legacy product来概括，即C项“让你的报纸成为一种奢侈品（小众化产品）”最符合本文的题目。A项“一下子转向在线报纸”；B项“珍惜还在你手中的报纸”；D项“让你的报纸永远流行”。

Part B

原文标题：Here Is How You Should Upgrade Your Professional Image

原文链接：https://www.360docs.net/doc/8d8428695.html,/article/247521

大师兄英语点评：本文来自名为“企业家”的网站，原文标题为《如何提升你的职业形象》。本文讲述的是人们需不需要提升自我形象，什么时候提升自我形象最好以及如何提升自我形象。文章和题目的难度均不大。自2010年考研英语分英语一和英语二以来，英语一的阅读Part B题型为七选五填空和七选五排序两种题型交替，而英语一出现七选五小标题尚属首次。该种题型是英语二的常见题型，难度上小于其他两种题型。值得注意的是2015年阅读Part B难度较大，这可能促使命题人在2016年降低这部分的难度。

41.【C】本段讲述何时该进行一个形象的提升。根据第一句“I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions”（我见过形象提升在人们的转型阶段尤为有益的诸多事例）和第二句“If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut,now may be a good time”（如果你在一个转型期或是感觉自己的生活太单调和一成不变，那这个时候就是提升形象的一个不错时机）可知C项“判断时机是否适宜”最能概括本段的内容。

42.【G】本段主旨句第一句“Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have”（首先要明白自己希望有什么样的影响）。第二至第四句则列举了不同人的目的，如“For one person,the goal may be to be taken more seriously....”（对于有的人来说，这一目标可能就是让别人把他放在眼里…）和“For another,it may be to be perceived as more approachable...”（而对于其他人来说，这一目标可能就是让自己看起来更平易近人…），所以根据本段的主要内容和关键词“goal”可知G项“了解自己的目标”正确。

43.【D】本段主旨句第一句“Look at your work environment like an anthropologist”（像一个人类学家一样审视自己的工作环境）。第二至第四句则列举了需要审视的几个方面。根据本段内容和最后一句“The better you understand the cultural context,the more control you can have over your impact”（你对这些文化背景了解得越好，你就能对自己的影响力有更多的掌控）中的关键词“context”可知D项“理解你的环境”最能概括本段。

44.【E】本段第一句“Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context”（争取到专业人士来帮助自己，告诉他们你的目标和你所处的环境），第二至第四句则列举了三个具体例子，如“Hire a personal stylist”、“Try a hair stylist instead of a barber”和“Work with a professional photographer”。根据本段的主要内容和关键词“professional”可知E项“找专业人士来包装自己”正确。

45.【F】本段第一和第二句“The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear.Instead,use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue”（形象提升的意义不是要让你做更多徒劳之事或是纠结于每天穿什么这样的小事上。相反，你要把它当做减轻抉择困难症的一个良机）。所以F项“要有效率”最能概括本段。

SectionⅢTranslation

原文标题：Mental Health,Toolkit of The Mind

原文链接：https://www.360docs.net/doc/8d8428695.html,/df/1323914779372.pdf

大师兄英语点评：本文节选自一本名为《Slowing Down to The Speed of Life》的ChapterⅠ的《Mental Health, Toolkit of The Mind》章节。本文讲述的是心理健康的重要性以及我们如何保持心理健康。作者指出，心理健康是我们与生俱来的权利，保持这种能力不需要我们去刻意学习，因为我们每个人都具有这种能力。本文的难度不大，但较为抽象。命题人替换了原文的个别词汇和句子。例如本文第三段第一句为“Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives,it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions”，但原文是两句“Although mental health is the panacea for living our lives,it is nothing short of ordinary.If you reflect on you life,you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions”。大师兄认为命题人的修改一定程度上改变了原文的意思。

46.本句有三个难点，分别是“it is built into us”、“in the same way as”和“heal a cut”。第一个直译就是“它被建造在我们身上”，但这个翻译并不通顺，我们可以把英语中的常用的被动语态翻译成更符合汉语习惯的主动语态，将“我们”作为主语，“心理健康”作为宾语。即“我们内在具有保持心理健康的能力”；“in the same way”直译就是“用与…相同的方式”，但更符合汉语的表达是“就像，如同”；“heal a cut”译为“愈合伤口”。

译文：我们不必去学习如何保持心理健康；我们内在具有保持心理健康的能力，就像我们的身体知道如何愈合伤口或是修复断裂的骨头。

47.本句有两个难点：“like the sun behind a cloud”和“it can be temporarily hidden from view”。前者是一个介词短语，可以当做一个插入语放在最后翻译。而第二个句子中的“it”是难点，相当多考生搞不明白它代指的是什么。这里代指的是“mental health”，因为这个句子紧跟着第一个句子，都是描写mental health的。不可以认为it代指的“the sun”。

译文：这种能力可能会暂时消失不见，但我们能很快重塑这种能力，就像乌云背后的太阳总归要露出来。

48.本句有两个难点：“allows us to”和“no matter who they are”。前者的“allow”不可以翻译成“允许”，而是要翻译成“使…能够，能让”；“no matter who they are”直译是“不管他们是谁”，这样的翻译比较奇怪。大师兄的方法就是还原整个句子。这个“no matter who they are”实际上是一种强调的表达，可以理解为“anyone”或“all people”，完整句子是“view all people with unconditional love”。译为“看待所有人”、“不管看待何人”。

译文：拥有一个健康的心理能让我们在他人遇到困难时对其表示同情，遭遇痛苦时对其显示关爱，以及不管看待何人我们都会无条件地心怀大爱。

49.本句有两个难点，同时也比较特殊，因为命题人对这个句子改动比较大，将两个句子合并成了一个句子。第一个难点就是“cure-all”，字面翻译“治好一切”，可以译为“万灵药”；第二个难点就是“as”，这里是“因为”的意思。

译文：尽管保持心理健康是我们生活的万灵药，但它极其普通，因为你会发现指引我们作出艰难抉择的一直都是它。

50.本句有三个难点。第一个难点是“as”,这里的as和上一题中的as不同，这里的as引导的是定语从句，相当于非限定性定语从句which you will come to see置于句尾，可译为“正如”。第二个难点是“will come to see”，“come to do”表示“达到做某事的境界”，如：come to realize/come to understand等。这里译为“终将会明白”；第三个难点是“available”，直译是“可得到的，存在的，有的”。大师兄所强调的就是译文符合中文习惯，所以这里可以把这个形容词译为动词“有”。

译文：正如你终将会明白的那样，知道自己一直有保持心理健康的能力并相信这种能力，能让我们放慢当下的脚步，快乐地生活。

SectionⅣWriting

大师兄英语点评：

2016年的小作文是一篇Notice，题目要求是：Suppose you are a librarian in your university.Write a notice of about100words providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.“通知”类的应用文最为常见，难度并不大。大作文是一幅名为“与其只提要求，不如做个榜样”的漫画作文，要求考生：1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your comments。题材可以归结为“思想品质类”，这是英语一大作文最常考的题材之一。另外几类题材是：社会现象类（如2015年的“手机时代的聚会”）、道德伦理类（如2014年的“孝道”）、文化教育类（如2010年的“文化火锅”）。

考研英语一的大小作文基本上每年都是这种题型。这部分可按照大师兄整理的历年英语一作文解析及范文和预测15篇来复习。关于应用文，考生需要熟记几种主要应用文的格式、固定用语、常见句型；关于大作文，考生需要记住写作思路、固定结构、常见句型等。但做到这些都还是不够的。写作的高分还是体现在用词和句型上，大师兄并不提倡背诵作文模版的复习方式，更强调在借鉴模板的基础上灵活运用句型，比如少用简单句，多用复合句，如定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句、it形式主语、强调句和倒装句。其次，作文用词要有多样、高端，比如大作文中表达某现象的原因可以用“be responsible for”、“account for”、“be attributed to”、“be to blame for”等多种表达。运用各类从句和同义词等可以使文章更为的地道。千篇一律的模版式的作文也不会得到阅卷老师的青睐。大师兄强调“吸收，借鉴和创造”，即：先吸收和提炼模版，然后因地制宜使用。

写作的内容上，小作文的字数只有100个左右，大作文160到200字。由于字数本身的限制，大小作文不可能写得多有深度，小作文写明两点或三点理由或事项，大作文写明三点就能满足字数要求。一般来说应用型小作文可以按照：何人，何事，何时，何地，何目的等方面来写。大作文一般涉及到考生自己的解读，这个因人而异，但总体上也是遵循：陈述内容，深度解读，辩证分析原因，总结前文并发出号召的大体顺序写。

Part A

小作文题目：假设你是你大学的图书馆管理员，写一个通知，告诉新近入学的外国留学生关于图书馆的相关信息。

写作思路：第一段写明写这个通知的目的；第二段写通知的具体内容，列三个事项最佳；第三段为结尾段，表达祝愿等。

大师兄中文范文：

通知

亲爱的留学生们：

欢迎来到我们学校！鉴于你们都刚来，作为图书馆的管理员，我觉得很有必要给你们介绍一下我们图书馆的基本信息。

第一，图书馆的全年开放时间是每天早8点到晚10点。在诸如春节、国庆节等全国法定假日，本馆不对外开放。第二，本馆图书的借阅期限是30天，每人的最大借阅量为8本，本规定同时适用于中国学生和留学生。第三，本馆第二层为人文社科类图书，第三层为理工类图书，第四层为阅览室，读者可以阅览各种中文和英文版期刊和报纸。

更多详情可以扫描二维码关注我馆的官方微信，祝各位在我校的生活愉快！

李明大师兄英语范文：

Notice

Dear international students,

Welcome to our university!As a librarian,I feel it necessary to give you some basic information about our library, since all of you are new here.

First,the library is open from8a.m to10p.m throughout the year,except on pubic holidays,like the National Day, when the library will be closed.Second,a maximum of8books can be kept at a time and they must be brought back within30days.This rule is applicable to both Chinese and foreign students.Third,the humanities books are on the second floor,the science books are on the third floor and in the fourth floor there is a reading room where periodicals and newspapers in both Chinese and English are available.

For more information please follow us on WeChat.I wish you can have a good stay here.

Yours

Li Ming

Part B

大作文题目：描述一篇名为《与其只提要求，不如做个榜样》的漫画，解释其含义并给出你的观点。

写作思路：本篇作文含义可以从两个角度解读，第一个突出父子关系，即以身作则的父亲才是孩子的榜样。第二个角度则是忽略父子关系，突出“其身正，不令而行”这种含义，即只有自己做到才能要求别人也做到。大师兄选择以第一个角度为切入点。首段描述图片，并在末句点明漫画含义：一个好的父亲首先要是儿子的榜样。第二段围绕这个含义给出两三个观点或理由，也可以不分点整段论述自己观点。第三段总结段，一两句话总结前文观点。

大师兄中文范文：

在这幅标题为《与其只提要求，不如做个榜样》图片中，一位正坐在那里看电视的父亲要求他的儿子去学习。然而，到了晚上，这位父亲却加班加点工作，显然试图要在某个截止时间前完成。这幅图片传达的含义就是：一个好的的父亲首先得是孩子的榜样。

我认为，父亲给孩子树立榜样的重要意义怎么强调都不为过。正如俗话说的那样，父母是孩子的第一任老师。孩子跟父母接触的时间远大于其他人，因此父母的行为会被孩子所模仿。例如，如果一位懒父亲有把事情拖到最后一刻做的习惯，那么他的儿子很可能将来也会有这种坏习惯。因此，父亲需要在生活中树立好的榜样。

总之。父亲以及母亲对孩子有重大影响。只有当父亲成为了孩子的榜样时，他才能被称为一位合格的父亲。

大师兄英语范文：

In the picture,on which the caption says“Better to set an example than to dictate”,the father who was sitting there watching TV asked his son to go to study.However,in the evening,the father was working against the clock,obviously trying to meet a deadline.What the meaning the picture conveys is that a good father has to be,in the first place,an example for his children.

In my opinion,the importance of a father being a model for his children can never be overestimated.As the saying goes,parents are a child’s first teacher.Parents are the ones with whom a child has most contact with,thus parents’behaviors will be imitated by the child.For example,if a father who is lazy has the habit of leaving things to the last minute,then his son will probably develop the same bad habit in late life.Therefore,a father should set good examples in his life.

To sum up,fathers as well as mothers have great influence on their children.Only when a father becomes a exemplary model for his children can he be called a good father.