语言学基础知识试卷

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北京林业大学

2004年硕士研究生入学考试语言学基础知识试题

I. Below are some questions and statements with missing words, each followed by four possible answers or fillers marked A, B, C and D. In some cases, only one choice is correct while in others more than one should be chosen. Choose ALL the correct ones. (30 points, 2 points each)

1. Language is ______.

A. a means of verbal communication

B. a purposeful act

C. social and conventional

D. true of both human beings and animals

2. A linguistic study is ______ if it describes and analyses facts observed.

A. prescriptive

B. synchronic

C. diachronic

D. descriptive

3. The sounds in the production of which there is an obstruction of the airstream at

some point of the vocal tract are known as ______.

A. consonants

B. places of articulation

C. vowels

D. manners of articulation

4. [f] is a ______.

A. voiced bilabial stop

B. voiceless bilabial fricative

C. voiceless labiodental fricative

D. voiced labiodental fricative

5. [i] is a ______.

A. high front unrounded vowel

B. high front rounded vowel

C. high middle vowel

D. high back vowel

6. Which of the following is a broad transcription of the word rap?

A. [ræp]

B. [λæ?p]

C. [λæ☐h]

D. [λæ☐¬]

7. The basic unit of phonological analysis is the ______.

A. allophone

B. phoneme

C. sound

D. minimal pair

8. Look at the following examples:

i) the man went to the theater ii) *man to the theater went the

It shows the importance of ______ in producing the acceptable utterance in a language.

A. word order

B. substitutability

C. co-occurrence

D. constituents

9. Which of the following are instances of Case?

A. Animate

B. Accusative

C. Nominative

D. Dative

10. Which of the following are related to Noam Chomsky?

A. Generative Grammar.

B. Functional Grammar.

C. Standard Theory.

D. GB Theory.

11. Which of the following are related to M A K Halliday?

A. Transformational Grammar.

B. Functional Grammar.

C. Binding Theory.

D. Theme and Rheme.

12. Which of the following are areas of sociolinguistics?

A. Variations.

B. Sexism

C. Register.

D. “Garden Path” sentences.

13. How to Do Things with Words was written by ______.

A. John Austin

B. William James

C. H. P. Grice

D. Stephen Levinson

14. The Cooperative Principle was formulated by ______.

A. John Austin

B. William James

C. H. P. Grice

D. Stephen Levinson

15. Which of the following contains a metaphor?

A. O, my luve is like a red, red rose

B. All the world’s a stage

C. And all the men and women merely players

D. Death lays his icy hand on kings

II. Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (20 points, 2 points each)

1. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary.

2. The narrow transcriptions of speak and peak are [spi:k] and [pi:k] respectively.

3. The following rule shows “complementary distribution”:

/p/ [p=] / [s]______

[p h] in other places

4. Tense and aspect are two important categories of the verb.

5. The phrase poor John is an endocentric construction.

6. The standard theory refers to the theory of grammar outlined in Chomsky’s Lectures on Government and Binding.

7. An Introduction to Functional Grammar(1985, 1994) was written by M A K Halliday.

8. Sociolinguistics studies how language is affected by social factors.

9. In the following exchange, Guest has violated the Maxim of Relevance:

Host: Would you like a cocktail? It’s my own invention.

Guest: Well, mmm uh it’s not that we don’t not drink.

10. The following sentence is an instance of metaphor:

The world is like a stage.

III. Define the following terms. (25 points, 5 points each)

1. interpersonal function

2. syntagmatic relation

3. the semantic triangle

4. the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

5. I-narrators

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