习惯用法

英语中的常见习惯用法
动名词：
动名词做宾语
要求用动名词作宾语动词有:
abhor vt.憎恶, 痛恨
acknowledge
admit
advise
advocate
allow
anticipate vt.预期, 期望
appreciate
approve vt.批准, 通过
avoid
ban
bar
cannot help
complete
confirm vt.确定, 批准
consider
contemplate v.凝视, 沉思, 预期, 企图
decline v.拒绝, 衰落
defer vi.推迟, 延期, 听从, 服从
vt.使推迟, 使延期
delay v.耽搁, 延迟
deny
despise vt.轻视
detest vt.厌恶, 憎恨
disdain vt.蔑视, 鄙弃
disclaim v.放弃, 弃权, 拒绝
drop
encourage
endorse v.在(票据)背面签名, 签注(文件), 认可, 签署
enjoy
ensure
entail vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给
envision vt.想象, 预想
escape
evade vt.躲避;通过机智或欺骗逃脱(To escape or avoid by cleverness or deceit)
excuse
facilitate vt.（不以人作主语的）使容易, 使便利, 推动, 帮助, 使容易, 促进
favour
fancy(=imagine)
finish
foresee vt.预见, 预知
forgive vt.原谅, 饶恕
guarantee vt.保证, 担保
give up
grudge vt. 吝惜：不愿意给或承认(To be reluctant to give or admit)
hinder v.阻碍, 打扰
imagine
impede v.阻止
imply
involve
justify v.证明...是正当的
keep(=continue)
keep on
leave off
loathe vt.讨厌; 厌恶
mean
mention
mind
miss
necessitate
omit
overlook
pardon
permit
picture vt.画, 描绘
postpone
practise
predict
prevent
prohibit
propose
put off
quit vi.离开, 辞职, 停止
vt.离开, 放弃, 解除, 停止
recall
recollect
recommend
reject
relinquish
relish vt.爱好；喜欢
renounce
report
require
resent v.愤恨, 怨恨
resist
risk
sanction
shirk vi.逃避, 推卸
vt.逃避
shun vt.避开, 避免
stand
substantiate vt.使实体化, 证实
suggest
tolerate
try
understand
urge vt.催促, 力劝
visualize vt.形象, 形象化, 想象
vi.显现
withhold
说明:advise,allow,permit,recommend后,如果提到有关的人,可用动词不定式.

动名词固定搭配:
It is no use + 动名词
There is no + 动名词
feel like + 动名词

risk doing sth.
avoid doing sth.
practise doing sth.
practice n.

be(get) used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事

regret (not) doing sth. 后悔(没有)做某事

have difficult (in) doing sth.
have problem (in) doing sth.
have trouble (in) doing sth.
have fun (in) doing sth.
have a hard time (in) doing sth.
have a good time (in) doing sth.

动名词做介词宾语:常用在某些词组后面
abstain from 避免
accuse ...of
adapt at(in) 熟练于
advice on
aid somebody in
aim at
apologetic for
apologize for
apprehensive of 对...担忧
aware of
awkward at
be afraid of
be capable of
be engaged in
be fond of
be interested in
be keen on
be responsible for
be sick of
be tired of
believe in
care for
charge...with

confident of 确信,对...有信心
depend on
desirous of 渴望
devote...to
difficulty in
dream of
equal to 等于, 胜任
exact in 精确,对...很严谨
excuse...for
experience in
fancy for 对...的迷恋
fearful of
feel like
fond of
genius for 做...的天赋
get through
give up
go on
guilty of 为...内疚
hopeful of
insist on
intent on 决意...
keep on
motive for... 动机
no harm in
object of...
passion for ...的热情
pay attention to
persist in
plan for ...的计划
prevent...from
put off
right in ...做得对
set about
skill in
succeed in
suitable for
surprise at 对...感到吃惊
suspect...of
take to 喜欢
thank...for
think of
unconscious of 未意识到
worng in
worry about

不定式
要求跟不带to的动词不定式的动词有:
1. 使动动词:
make
have
let
help
2. 感观动词:
feel
hear
listen to
look at
see
notice
observe
overhear
watch
3. 用在特殊结构中
had better 最好,还是...为好
would have
cannot but
would sooner
would rather
4. 用在 Why not 起首的疑问句中.
Why not come with us?

make Sb. difficult to do Sth.

there is no point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义
look forward to doint sth. 期望做某事

be going to 与 will(shall)表示将来时的区别
will 表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事情，不含任何具体时间，可以指遥远的将来。
be going to 指有迹象表明某事将发生或肯定会发生，通常表示很快就要发生的事情。

burn up 烧完，燃尽
burn down　把......烧成平地,烧光
burn out 烧掉
burn-burnt-burnt
或burn-burned-burned

虚拟语气
1．表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
结果主句:should(would/could)+have+动词过去分词
条件从句:had+动词过去分词
2．表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气
结果主句:should(would)+动词原形
条件从句:过去式
3．句型 "It is time (that) 从句" 中的虚拟语气
从句中谓语动词用过去式,也可用"should+动词原形"的形式,但should不能省略.

词与词组
as
as to(for) 至于
as well 也,还
as if(though) 就像,仿佛
ashame
be ashamed of Sth. 为...而羞耻
be ashamed to do Sth. 羞于做某事
bring
bring about 引起,产生
bring forward 提出
bring up 抚养
bring down 降低
bring out 出版
call
call off 取消
call for 邀约；请求
call in 召集
call on 拜访
call up 召集，动员；打电话；使人想起
call back 回电话
consist
consist of 由...组成(构成),包含
be composed of 由...构成
consist 是不及物动词,没有被动语态,所以"be consisted of..."是错误的.
be consistent with … 与…符合(一致)
cut
cut off 打断,阻隔
deal
deal with 涉及,论述,处理
deal in 经营
help
help Sb. (to) do Sth.
=help Sb. with Sth.
cannot help doing sth. 忍不住,禁不

住
=cannot avoid doing Sth.
=cannot resist doing Sth.
=cannot refrain from doing Sth.
=cannot keep from doing Sth.
=cannot desist from doing Sth.
=cannot abstain from doing Sth.
=cannot hold back from doing Sth.
=cannot keep back from doing Sth.
=cannot choose + 动词原形
=cannot but + 动词原形
cannot help but do sth. 禁不住要做某事(用不带to的动词不定式)
let
let down 放下,降低
means
by no means 决不(=never)
by all means 无论如何
by any means 无论如何(=anyhow,anyway,however)
pull
pull off 脱掉（衣帽）
pull on 穿，戴
pull out （火车）离站；撤离，离开；拨出，抽出
pull in （火车）进站，到站
pull up （使）停下
pull down 拆毁；拉下；降低
take
take up 开始从事,着手;占据;接纳,吸收
throw
throw off 匆匆脱掉（衣服）；摆脱；扔掉
throw away 放弃；失去；浪费
turn
turn out 生产,出产;证明是
turn in 上交;上床睡觉
turn up 开大,调高;出现,发生
turn down 关小,调低;拒绝
turn on 开(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)
turn off 关(电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等)
turn to 求助于
一群
a flock of 一群<鸟类>
a herd of 一群<兽类>
句子倒装
hardly ...when... 一...就...
barely ...when(before)...
scarcely...when(before)...
Hardly,Scarcely,Barely等被置于句首时,后面句子的主谓要部分倒装.