初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧教学内容

初中英语阅读理解的

解题技巧

阅读理解的解题技巧

一、阅读理解是中考英语能力测试的重点项目之一。课程改革后，阅读理解题型变得更多、更广、更新。不仅涉及的面广，其中包括社会、体育、生活、传说、人物、文化、史地、科技、政治、经济等广泛内容，而且题型多样。

阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类：叙述文、说明文和议论文。

1）、叙述文

叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。但是在考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文，因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂。所以中考中的叙述文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。

2）、说明文（描述文）

说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即：提出问题（或以一个事例引出问题）---- 发现直接原因----- 分析深层原因-----得出结论或找到出路。

3）、议论文

议论文模式是主张---反主张模式。在这一模式中，作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者说提出反主张或真实情况。议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题，文章主旨题以及推理判断题。

阅读理解的题型主要有主观性题型和客观性题型。

前者主要包括主旨型、推理型、作者语气、态度型、结论型等。后者主要包括事实型、推测词义型、指代关系型、常识题、是非题等。

二、阅读理解的几种题型及应试对策

1.细节理解题。它是针对文章中的细节而设计的，如文章中某一个特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图表、图形来表示信息等。要求学生根据对短文的理解，直接选择正确答案，一般在通读短文后可直接找出答题依据，难度较小，属浅层理解题。

细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：

(1) Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?（根据文章信息，下面哪个是不真的？）

(2) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

（下面的哪一个在文章中提到了？）

(3) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?

（文章中描述的例子是什么）

(4) The author mentions all of the following except . . .

（作者提到了以下的所有事项，除了……）

(5) The reason for . . .is . . .（什么的原因是……）

(6) The author states that . . .（作者陈述的观点是……）

(7) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) ..

（根据文章，提问关于时间、地点、原因、形式和谁等的问题）

2.推测词义题。也就是要正确理解短文中个别关键词，可利用同义词、近义词及给定义等方法推测词义，甚至在通篇理解的基础上推测并发现所给生词的词义。这需要有意识地训练并最终具备这种不用字典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力。

3.推理判断题。要求在通篇理解文章的基础上，以文章提供的事实为依据，将已表述的和隐含的信息结合起来进行思考、分析，透彻理解全文，以领会作者的真正意图，从而做出正确的推理和判断，切不可凭空想象，主观臆断。

1、读懂原文，抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识，仔细斟酌，作出准确的推断和引申。

2、熟悉常用的设问方式：

1) We can infer /conclude from the passage that ______.

（通过文章我们可推断出什么结论）

2) It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that ________.

3) The passage /story /author /paragraph implies, but does not directly state that _______.（文章暗示，但没有直接表述的观点是）

4) The author strongly suggests that__________ ______.

5) What do you think would happen (to…) at the end of the story?

4.归纳概括题。要求在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心意思。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题。尤其是新闻报道之类的，第一段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心涵义。在文章的段落中往往由开头的一句作为主题句(topic sentence)来概括该段的中心意思。但在不少文章或段落中，中心思想贯穿在全文中。此类题主要针对的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或题段）、作者的写作目的(purpose)等方面，要求考生在准确理解全文后，归纳短文要点、概括中心思想，也分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点等。

解题技巧：领会全文大意，灵活运用概念、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法，真正理解文章的话题和中心思想。一般而言，英语文章的话题往往用很少几个词加以概括，通常具体反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上；不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特点是新闻报道，第一段通常是故事的梗概(lead paragraph)，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想，但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中；主题段通常在文章简要概括文章中心思想，而主题句(topic sentence)常在一段的开头，也有可能在段中或段末。

这类题常见的命题方式有：

（1）What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?

（2）What does this passage mainly talk about ?

（3）The main theme of this passage is ___________.

（4） The main point of the passage is__________.

（5） Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?

（6） The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is ___________.

（7） The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _________.

（8） Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?

（9）推断作者的写作意图（Purpose）

The author's purpose in writing this passage is to________.

这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂个别的句子，而且要能够根据作者思路的展开，把握作者在整篇文章中的观点，因此，必须看懂全篇文章的意思

5.图示理解题。根据文章内容提供一幅或几幅画(地图、示意图或其他图形)，对某种图形进行选择或判断。

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4．最后教师最好提出一两个能概括全文中心思想的指导性问题，让学生带着问题去阅读。阅读时，可分为计时阅读，快速阅读和细节阅读。通过几个层次的阅读理解培养学生的能力，强化读取信息的意识，为巩固和运用知识打下了基础。 1.快速阅读（scan）指定的内容（用眼读而不是用嘴读，逐句读而不是逐字读）；２．提问好、中、差各层次的学生，问题要围绕中心思想（mainidea）；３．提出细节性问题，让学生获取有关what, where,when,why,who,how等基本事实以及start,process,end总体过程脉络；４．细读：布置任务，反复阅读课文，反复思考；５．分小组讨论问题答案，然后全班检查答案。读完后 1.鼓励学生用简略的方式表述自己对文章的见解和领会，而不是复述课文；不要纠正学生的语音、语法错误，哪怕比较严重；２．在学生对课文理解的基础上，检查学生对生词的猜测情况，既然是猜，能沾边达意就行。 3．把语言运用到实际生活中去。围绕已学课文开展各种形式的口头交流活动。比如可以复述课文，分角色扮演，讨论某个问题，调查一个项目，采访相关人士、仿写与课文相关的话题等；也可动笔对课文进行改写，列提纲、评述等。具体根据学生的具体情况而定。总之，教学方法多种多样，目的都是一致的，那就是以学生发展为本，促进他们的学习习惯和学习能力的提高。

初中英语阅读理解教学案例(1)

初中英语阅读理解教教案阅读理解是英语学习中必须具备的能力之一，有助于巩固和扩大词汇、丰富语言知识，提高运用语言的能力。可以训练学生的思维能力、理解能力、概括能力与判断能力。加强阅读训练可以为学生创造大量获取语言知识和大量运用语言的机会和条件。既可以培养学生对语篇进行分析、综合并从中获取信息的能力，也能培养学生的审美情趣。培养阅读能力也是教学大纲中规定的中学英语教学目标之一，所以阅读课在我们平时的英语教学中尤为重要，怎样上好阅读课成为英语教师教学中的关键。以下根据自己近些年的教学经验，对初中英语阅读理解教学模式进行初步的探究和分析。教学模式总结如下： Presentation（导入）——skimming（粗读）——listening and reading（听读）——scanning （跳读）——intensive reading（细读）——retelling（复述）——discussing（讨论）——writing （写作）——summary（小结）。初中英语人教版九年级Unit 12 Section B 3a Step 1：Presentation（导入）本篇文章主要讲述法国的风俗，所以可以通过讲述一个因为语言差异所产生的误解的笑话导入，以此引起学生对课文产生兴趣，使学生更快的进入学习状态。 Step 2：Skimming 这一步是为掌握文章大意而进行的阅读，要求学生读后概括文章的大意，并且设计一些简单的问句让学生进行回答。 What does Wang Kun do? Where is she now? What’s the article mainly about? Step 3：Listening and reading 让学生边听边读，并且在听读的过程中找出文章的重点词汇、短语、句子。并且进行解决，扫除学生阅读中存在的一部分障碍，但要注意知识点的讲解要尽量简练，并且要引导和培养学生根据上下文猜词的能力。 Step 4：Scanning 这是一种为寻求特点细节放弃大部分内容，只注意某一点或某几点的阅读方式，要求学生根据老师提出的问题进行跳跃式的阅读，找出问题的主要信息。在此环节中提醒学生不要逐词逐句看课文，要讲究速度。在最短的时间内找出问题的答案。在此期间老师要出示以下问题：How many table manners are mentioned in the passage ? What are they ? be supposed to do be not supposed to do Step 5：Intensive reading 仔细阅读文章，要求学生从细节处把握文章，在前面阅读的基础上，从整体上把握文章的主要内容，以便于帮助学生加深对课文的理解。在此环节中，要求学生各自独立完成阅读任务，然后与同桌或同组同学合作解决疑难点。在学生的阅读过程中，教师要出示以下问题帮助学生理解课文。 1、Why was Wang Kun nervous before she arrived in France? 2、Why did she have no reason to be nervous? 3、How has her French improved? 4、What is one particular challenge she is facing?

初中英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典练习

初中英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典练习英语阅读理解一直都是中考的重点复习对象。原因它在中考中的分数占总分的比重最大。为此，我总结了一些初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧和一些经典的练习题。初中英语理解要提高有两个方面，1. 考前阅读准备。2. 临场解题技巧。 1. 考前阅读准备一、要注意养成良好的阅读心理，阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。二、要提高视读的速度，考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度。因此做阅读理解时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。 2. 临场解题技巧 1. 审视标题，抓住中心试题中有的文章有标题，有的没有，拟题人是有所考虑的。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。它能给我们启发和想象，想象文章的内容和走向。这样做有利于对文章的理解，能提高做题的效率。 2. 浏览全文，掌握全貌如果时间紧，至少要快速通读全文，尤其是首两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来，这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。 3. 细读题目，抓住要点

对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。另外还要注意试题难易，应暂时绕开那些少数较难的题目，先做最有把握、最熟悉的题目，也就是该类题可以直接或间接从文章中找到的。而对于那些要通过对文章归纳判断、逻辑推理的题目，需要再对全文快速阅读，仔细分析思考，反复比较、推敲选出正确答案。若文章短可先读短文，后看文后题目；如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记，把有关的画出来。凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。 4. 细读文章，掌握细节这次应细品，不可一晃而过。可边读边用铅笔做些记录，把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因（即五个W ：who ， what， when， where， why）划出来。经过这样的处理，你对文章的内容和细节便会胸有成竹，对事态的发生、发展和解决有了更加深入的了解。 5. 理解大意，初选答案一般短文都设有五个题目，对那些表层理解的题目可以断然选定。对那些深层理解的题目，应再查阅原文，但决不是简单重读，应找出依据，把所答案代入文中，再确定正误。在确定答案时，对文章和题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思，切忌望文生义，作出错误的判断。 6. 复读全文，核对答案

初中英语阅读理解答题技巧

初中英语阅读理解和完型填空答题技巧一．教学大纲对阅读理解的要求（一）初中英语教学大纲对学生阅读上的基本要求： 1．能阅读难度相当于课文的材料，理解其大意。 2．能独立阅读所学语言知识范围内的材料，生词率不超过3%。 3．阅读速度要求每分钟50-70词。（二）中考阅读理解的考点 1．文章的话题—略读文章，领会文章大意的题 2.文章的中心题—归纳，概括的能力 3.文章的细节—扫读或细读文章，以获得某些特地信息或准确的寻找所需细节的能力。 4．文章的寓意，结论-领会作者的言外之意或推断出文章的结论 5.生词词意，猜词—对生词词意的判断能力（三）中考阅读理解考察的文体 1．记叙文—抓住人物，地点，时间，情节发展线索。 2.说明文—要以事物为中心进行思考。抓住事物的特征，用途，相互关系等。（四）解题思路与技巧 1.快速浏览全文，掌握大意。 2．仔细审题，分析比较选项。 3．带着问题复读，捕捉关键信息，解答问题。 4．再读全文，核对答案。二．阅读理解题型及解题技巧从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。（一）主旨题主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。（二）细节题细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。

初中英语阅读理解日常生活类点解析(Word版附答案)经典

阅读理解日常生活类点解析（Word版附答案）经典一、英语阅读理解日常生活类（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的几个选项中，选出最佳选项。 What subject do you worry about the most at school? Many students worry about math. Some students can't sleep well the day before a math exam. Others may feel very nervous during the exam itself. But there might be a way to make the subject less stressful（压力大的）. "For people who are worried about math, posture （姿势）makes a big difference," Erik Paper from San Francisco State University told the Daily Mail. That's right – sitting up straight can help you do better on math exams. Scientists tested 125 college students. They asked them to do a simple math exam while sitting in a slumped-over （趴倒的）posture, or sitting up straight. After the test, 56 percent of students said the exam was easier to do if they were sitting up straight. Slumping over is a defensive（戒备的） posture. It can bring about bad memories in the body and brain. This can stop you from thinking clearly, Paper said. Students who were not nervous about taking the math exam did not necessarily benefit（受益）from better posture. But they did find that doing math while slumped over was more difficult, Science Daily reported. Good posture isn't just helpful for taking math exams. Sportspeople, musicians and public speakers can all benefit from better posture. When you feel stressed out, you can also try to sit up straight or stand tall. It can help you feel more certain and focus better. （1）What posture can make people feel less stressed during math exams? A. Sitting up straight. B. Hanging your head. C. Lying on your back. D. Raising one hand. （2）What did the scientists ask the college students to do during the test? A. To do sit-ups. B. To count numbers. C. To think carefully. D. To sit in different postures. （3）How many students in the test benefited from the better posture? A. All the 125 students. B. Less than half of them. C. 56 percent of them. D. None of the students. （4）The fourth paragraph is written to explain . A. why slumping over makes exams harder to do B. why slumping over is bad for one's health C. why some people slump over during exams D. why people are nervous during math exams （5）Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Slump over to Take Exams B. Sit up to Do Math C. Better Posture for Nervous Students D. Good Advice for Better Exams 【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）C

《初中英语新课程标准》读书心得

《初中英语新课程标准》读书心得乌敦套海中学张健作为一名初中英语教师，我深深感受到自己需要学习的知识和经验还很多很多。教学的期刊，书籍有很多，而且众说纷纭。但是，所有的实践和经验都要在课程标准的指导之下。凑巧这次全旗组织了新入职教师培训，我有机会好好的学习了一下新课程标准，并有以下几点体会：一、更加面向全体学生面向全体学生，注重素质教育是国家义务教育阶段的基本要求，教师面对的不仅是一个个学生的个体，而是群体。每个学生的智力水平和情感因素又各不相同，教师的教学理念、教学目标和教学内容的设计和实施都必须面向全体学生。不能跟着学习最快的学生的节奏，而是综合考虑到全班学生的学习水平。二、要创设自主、合作、探究的学习方式《英语课程标准》提出：“让学生在教师的指导下，通过感知、体验、实践、参与、合作等方式，实现教学目标，感受胜利。”它所强调的教学过程是师生交往、共同发展的互动过程。教师在教授学生英语知识的同时，更加需要培养的是学生自主学习的能力，要让学生能够学会独立学习。教学，教的不是知识，而是教学生会学习，并使其过程更多地成为学生发现问题、提出问题、分析问题和解决问题的过程。三、更加以学生为主体的情境教学方式在初中英语教学中，兴趣、情境、活动是三个非常严重的因素。兴趣是学习英语的动力，活动是提高中学生英语运用能力的主要途径。教师要保持学生学习的兴趣，就必须精心设计教学活动，并使活动情境化。设计和组织教学活动是一项创造性的劳动，有了情境，各种活动就有了依托，活动就会生活化、趣味化和真实化。四、培养学生的综合能力，三维要求为一体

教师传授英语的过程，是学生增长知识、掌握技能、学习文化、提高语言运用能力的过程，也是他们丰盛情感、陶冶情操、展开联想、进行创造性思维的过程。因此在课堂上要培养学生的创新精神和实践能力；抓好语言技能训练，促进学生综合语言运用能力的发展；培养学生的观察、思维及想象力；注重营造生动的理念，开朗的课堂。五、要有多样化的教学评价方式教学评价是教学活动不可或缺的一个组成部分。评价主要是为了了解学生的学习发展，检查英语教学是否达到教学目标，揭示英语教学过程的价值和效果，进一步调整和改进教学方法，促进每一个学生的发展，提高教学质量。在倡导发展性评价的同时，我们要充分体现在教学评价中的人文性、过程性、开放性、激励性和多元性。新课标对教师提出了新的要求，既有知识结构、教育方式等方面的更新，又有对教学目的和对学生评价方式的调整，其核心便是教育对“学生主体”的尊崇，正是这些话语，让我又一次开始深思和探索，关注每位学生的身心健康发展，争取给每位学生的英语学习带来新鲜的色彩！