美式英语音标详解

美式英语音标

一．梅花音/ ? /和小/ e /

/ ? / map apple land man factory lamp rash hazard marry campus fan glad ham Athens bank narrow crash

smash

/e/let bed excel egg when hotel send went lemon fellow decade fetch nephew request nest pet letter

对比：led set peck mess beg ten

lad sat pack mass bag tan

例句：

1.He who laughs last laughs best.

2.Don’t let the cat out of the bag.

3.Handsome is as handsome does.

4.Better late than never.

二．饱满的双元音/ɑ? / /?? / /ɑ? /

/ɑ?/ bike hide wife mind behind blind modify style analyze clarify tried sight height guy deny cycle

fight notify child wild identify

/??/ oil coin choice spoil point joint exploit point noise annoy enjoy destroy employ voyage oyster joy moist

/ɑ?/ about sound found mouse house mountain fountain counter pronounce thousand amount cow powder

crowd brown plough

对比：(一) buy sigh mile

boy soy moil

(二) trout down found proud

trot don fond prod

例句：

1．Time and tide wait for no man.

2．Great minds think alike.

3．Let by-gones be by-gones.

4．Open your mouth and pronounce the word loudly.

5．Out of sight, out of mind.

三．双元音/ ei / /?u /

/ei/ date gate fame debate classmate danger nail sailing faith gray Bombay relay weigh neighbor convey

steak obey April

/?u/ remote choke suppose zone Coca-Cola control float roast coast soul though shoulder below toe Joan

boast photo total

对比:

(一) mate wait main late fade gate sail paper

met wet men let fed get sell pepper

(二) flow boat cold most dove toe no folk

flew boot cool move do two canoe food

floor bought caught more door tore nor four

例句：

1．No pains, no gains.

2．Haste makes waste.

3．Little stroke fell great oaks.

4． A rolling stone gathers no moss.

四．双元音/ i? / / e? / / u? /

/ i? / hear dear nuclear appear beer cheer pioneer volunteer engineer severe sincere interfere fierce idea ideal

Korea really hero period Italian brilliant cafeteria

mysterious audience convenient familiar

/e?/ prepare care declare share bare compare scare area repair pear where therefore hair

/u?/ sure mature assure during poor tour tourist tourism cruel influence casual dual February

对比:

(一)mere beer pier weird fear here tear spear

mill bill pill will fill hill till spill

(二) air hare fair mare declare share dare bear

ear hear fear mere clear sheer dear beer

例句：

1．The atmosphere here is very clear.

2．Where there’s a will, there is a way.

3．The poor man was assured that his child could be cured.

4．Wherever there’s oppression, there’s resistance.

五．摩擦音/θ/ / e / / s / / z /

/θ/ thin thank threat wealth faith worth theory thoughtful theme thrill author athlete thunder

/e/ then thus those therefore otherwise nevertheless further weather worthy smooth northern breathe

/s/ soldier course response respect suspense silent jumps lesson assume message ceremony certificate excellent

privacy currency cigar

/z/ amaze zone citizen realize gaze jazz deserve revise

dessert example compromise dizzy graze amuse

对比:

(一) rice hiss price

rise his prize

(二) closing breeze bays zoos

clothing breathe bathe those

(三) sick face seem mouse

thick faith theme mouth

例句：

1.Say the next sentence softly and smoothly.

2.Those roses deserve the prizes.

3.Something is better than nothing.

4.Mother and father went through thick and thin.

六．/ f / / v / / w /

/ f /: father funny unfair life belief defend finance function forgive fold fashion suffer affair staff photo phrase

geography graph phenomenon laugh enough rough

/v/ love nervous movement cover event silver vanish vehicle variety of review prove Virginia glove

vision believe save

/w/ weapon welfare farewell software award whale whisper quarter quality quarrel worthwhile twelve twister

woman warm water wash

对比:(一) west wary wane worse whale willow wake

vest vary vain verse veil villa vague

(二) leaf proof fan few surface fast fail fine

leave prove van view service vast veil vine

七．/? : / / ?/ (很重要)

/?: / horse born morning sport sword record storm report draw awful fault audience cause thought wall recall

false almost more explore reward

/ ?/ dog cost doctor sorry knock profit common property popular model wash want quarrel quality because

Australia knowledge God job hot hospital odd olive

sock Tom water bottle cop fox body honest

problem watch got shop college bottom promise

dollar

对比:

pork forks short morning naught sport warn chalk

pock fox shot modern not spot swan chock

八．/ɑ: / /? /

/ɑ: / (一) art park garden cigar apart march cartoon

(二) rather photograph after plant France castle

master disaster palm laughter

/?/ sun but dull jump result lucky butter summer thumb thus come mother London monkey cousin

young double enough blood flood couple oven

honey color

对比:(一) harm heart cart park March

ham hat cat pack match

(二) luck hut just fun government love punish

lark heart jar farm garment laugh pass

九．/ i: / / i /

/ i: / these complete even evening secret female appreciate green cheese wheel screen reveal increase piece

achieve receive key police unique magazine

/ i / sit fish wish forgive since milk basis liquid opinion quit identity definite sunny city puppy typical pretty

basket decrease village language marriage busy minute

对比:

Feel lead peel week sheep seen deed meal least

Fill lid pill wick ship sin did mill list

reach cheap

rich chip

十．/? / /? /

/?/ shine sharp shame shock shortage sure sugar pressure financial addition machine patient

connection delicious precious commercial issue

mission publish Asia profession

/?/ usual casual treasure pleasure measure vision decision confusion occasion television explosion

对比:

(一) sign same see sir suck sigh sort sell sock

shine shame sheet shirt shut shy short shell shock

(二) Use expose seize please confuse

Usual exposure seizure pleasure confusion

例句:

1.She is not very sure about her decision.

2.She likes to go window-shopping during her leisure time.

十一. /? / /? /

/?/ choose chain chart chief charge challenge beach reach touch research watch match kitchen

question suggestion future nature culture

/?/ jeep judge object major joke jealous giant margin digital danger change general bridge generous

对比:

(一) wash sheep sharp share cash shoes

watch cheap chart chair catch choose

(二) vision pleasure measure garage

pigeon procedure major large

十二./ tr / / dr /

/tr/ tree true trend tragedy trick attract entrance retreat actress strange strong strike truth trade

/dr/ drop drum drama address dragon draft drug dream drink children bedroom

对比:(一) treat trace train true trees trip

cheat chase chain chew cheese chip

(二) draw drum drain dream dry children drug

jaw just Jane Jim giant pigeon jug

十三./ ts / / dz /

/ts/ lots huts boots targets debates profits graduates what’s let’s products projects threats negotiates

/dz/ words thousands cards rewards kids decades concludes dad’s David’s world’s

十四.爆破音

/ p / pill permanent pain perform popular happen

population sport speak special spread expensive space

/b/ (一) obey aboard husband table baby labor symbol beauty begin benefit beyond grab club job

(二) climb comb thumb doubt

/ t / pretty stay store standard step looked jumped hurt

/ d / indeed pardon order introduce modern command mood / k / (一) king kite concern crisis kick

(二)knock know knee knowledge knife

/ɡ/ begin together regard argue vague dialogue

十五./ j / /? / / 1/

/j/ yellow youngster youth yield yard lawyer beyond

use universe pure few news union tune yesterday

yawn beauty yearly

/?/ thing wing king cling bang single finger stronger angle singer ringing think sink pink monkey

drink link uncle conquer

/ 1/ (一) lovely loose lucky allow declare glass claim please blame slight

(二) people bubble little railway pupil table title

struggle awful arrival puzzle silver signal

schedule solve legal parallel

对比:

(一) tongue thing along sing length wing

ton thin alone sin lens win

(二) lest loud light loyal long flight glass late

rest round right royal wrong fright grass rate

十六.失去爆破现象

在六个爆破音/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/后面紧接着另一个爆破音,或

摩擦音,或破擦音时,出现失去爆破现象

处理:

先摆好发音姿势,稍作停顿后再发下一个辅音

练习:

(一)单词notebook grandpa suitcase football handbag

blackboard postcard September bookcase chapter

detective effective selection first-class good-bye //

advice bookshelf friendship workshop sadness

department

(二)短语 a good person / black people / first time / a good boy /

work too hard / good things / the second job / the red light / last

month

(三)句子I am glad to see that you have made good progress and

you don’t make the same mistake.

十七.同化现象

以某个音结尾的单词+同音开始的单词——只发一次即可！

（一）短语bad dog / like candy / grab Bob / ripe pear / some money / more rain / fall leaves / big girls （二）句子

1．She is used-to eating out.

2．How long will it-take to get-to your school?

3．I ate-too much.

4．Let’s get-together for dinner.

5．I got a good-deal on this radio.

（三）特殊同化

1．/ t /+/ j /=/? /

It’s very nice to meet you.

Don’t hurt yourself.

Is that your book?

2．/ d /+/ j /=/? /

Would you please come in?

Don’t hold your breath.

Hand your book to me.

Did your sister come?

十八.连读现象

以辅音结尾的单词+以元音开头的单词——念成辅音+元音！

（一）短语in an hour / put it on / be back in a minute / for a long time / not at all / year in and year out / stand up / wait a moment / as a matter of fact / at four o’clock / a quarter of a pound of tea

(二) 句子

1. You can ask later.

2. What time is it now?

3. Keep up the good work.

十九.英式英语与美式英语的差异

（一）BrE 中元音发/ɑ：/的单词，在AmE中的/s , f , m , n , θ, e /前往往发/ ? /

Ask chance example half path dance laughter basket demand France master aunt sample plant castle disaster palm photograph after rather

(二) BrE 单词中元音发/?：/ 和/? /时，AmE中相应发成/? /和/ɑ/ 1．cause fault halt pause water door

2. box god not shop hot office body watch

(三)BrE中的r不发音，但AmE中的r发音

mark park turn learn clear world

(四) BrE中读/t/ , 但在AmE中有些发成“软/d/”

matter splitting motor beauty water doctor little (五)/ j /在AmE中逐渐消失，发在/ u：/的音

tube duty student new enthusiasm stupid