全十季《老友记》英文重难点分析3[1]1
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【801】The One After I do
sogo转帖『英语杂谈』801－804 学习笔记
1. slow swimmers 慢游泳者（？）
2. I’ll be right back! 我马上回来
3. Bridesmaid女傧相。男生的伴郎叫best man, 新娘(bride) 也要選擇一位maid of honor 作為伴娘. 同樣的maid of honor 通常只能有一位, 所以另外還會有三到四位的bridesmaid (女儐相) 作陪, 當然bridesmaid 的地位就不如maid of honor 來得那麼崇高了. 所以去當maid of honor 算是一種榮耀. 有時我在跟老美談天時沒有話題可講, 我就會問問她們, “Have you ever been a maid of honor?“(妳有沒有當過伴娘啊?) 如果她曾當過, 我保証她一定會興奮地滔滔不絕把整個過程講給妳聽. 一般而言maid of honor 都是找未婚的女士擔任, 但如果有時候實在是找不到未婚的女士, 也可以找一個已婚的女士權充一下. 不過這時候就不叫maid of honor 了, 而改叫matron of honor.
4. Groom 新郎
5. I’m with child 我有孩子了（怀孕）
6. James Brolin
7. Sneaky 鬼鬼祟祟的
8. Ed Bergly 人名
9. Memorable 难忘的，值得记忆的
10. Slippery 光滑的
11. Sweet Lord乔治-哈里森的著名歌曲
12. Botanist 植物学家
13. Hottie of the plant world. Hottie=hot water bottle.
14. Bump up 突然增加，提高
15. Bend your arms 弯曲你的胳膊
16. Dinner will be served. 晚餐就要开了！
17. Misleading 误导
18. Dumb 哑的不说话的
19. Knocked-up，1）倦得要死了。2）弄大了肚子
20. Get off the phone 放下电话
21. Peed on the stick right 尿的合适（？）
22. Let you go first. 你先来
23. Freakishly tiny feat，Freakishly异想天开的，朝三暮四的。
24. Nudity 裸体
25. Clumsy idiot 笨拙的蠢货
26. Financial aspects 财务方面
27. Be upset over something 对某事沮丧
28. Disposable camera 一次性相机
29. Radisson，Radisson Hotel 纽约拉笛逊酒店
30. Porn TV programme 黄色电视
31. Mashuga nut 一种食品
32. Score 分数
33. A tiny salt shaker 小盐瓶
34. Salt-and-pepper set 椒盐
35. The raw sexual magnetism 原始的性吸引
36. Barn 谷仓
37. Sunglass Hut，Sunglass Hut眼镜零售店，一种著名眼镜品牌
38. Cheer up 使高兴起来
39. Screw up 使振作起来
40. Dressed-up people 打扮好的人们
41. Tux 男士无尾半正式晚礼服
42. Rip off this Band-aid 撕掉邦迪
43. Scram 紧急刹车；滚开
44. Your car will be towed. 拖走
45. Salami Buddy，Salami为意大利腊肠，
46. What does the Tag say? TAG，怀孕化验签
47. Special bond ，特殊友情，深厚友情，Sam and I developed a very special bond over the next fourteen years. It seemed nothing that happened could ever change that.
48. Call it even 扯平了
49. Bermuda 百慕大
50. Bahama巴哈马
51. Speedo 运动服装品牌
52. Chicken parm，不知是不是Chicken Parmesan，parmesan是意大利干酪（脱脂制成）。
53. It’s a emergency! 紧急！
54. They bumped them up to first class! 他们升级到头等舱位。
55. Grab my ass! 抓住PP（？）
56. The key skinning place.
57. Lounge 休息厅
58. It’s been one heck of seesaw, isn’t it? 查不到
59. Passionate 充满热情的
60. Indignant 大怒
61. Namaste! 这是一句佛教用语，尼泊尔问候语，你好！用处很广
62. Brand-new 绝对新
63. Sonogram 声图，超声波图，可能是B超图的意思
64. Pottery barn，陶瓷大谷仓”(Pottery Barn)的家居专卖店，美国著名零售公司。
65. Alfresco 在户外，露天
66. Lamaze classes，lamaze为心理助产法
67. Uterus 子宫
68. Stick with 坚持做
69. Souvenir 纪念品
70. Such a rookie mistake! 新手错误
71. Fake-numbered 错号
72. Hoot (1) 猫头鹰叫声(2)汽车喇叭声；汽笛声(3)表示讨厌不满的叫声或笑声。not care a hoot 毫不在乎(= not care two hoots)
73. Pervert motto 反常格言
74. A dry spell, 干旱期；持续一段时间的干旱天气.也特指很长一段没做爱了
75. sex-wise
76. Putty head 美俚，傻瓜
77. Backpack across Europe，背包旅行，穿越欧洲。Backpacker 背包客
from transpot ,
slow swimmers应该是指游得比较慢的精子,
结婚需要生孩子,生孩子需要精自卵子快速结合......
【802】The One With The Red sweater 【803】The One Where Rachel Tells 【804】The One With The Videotape 【805】The One With Rachel's Date 【806】The One With The Halloween Party 【807】The One With The Stain 【808】The One With The Stripper 【809】The One With The Rumor
1.Screw it, bring on the yam
Screw it 去他的
screw you 去你的吧【810】The One With Monica’s Boots 【811】The One With Ross's Big Step Forward 【812】The One Where Joey Dates Rachel 【813】The One Where Chandler Takes A Bath 【814】The One With The Secret Closet 【815】The One With The Birthing Video 【816】The One Where Joey Tells Rachel 【817】The One With The Tea Leaves 【818】The One In Massapequa 【819】The One With Joey's Interview 【820】The One With The Baby Shower 【821】The One With The Cooking Class 【822】The One Where Rachel Is Late 【823-824】The One Where Rachel Has A Baby I/II
【901】The One Where No One Proposes
jeffwu's
1. tissue (名) 薄的纱织品, 棉纸, 薄纸
2. make it official we should make it official, 我们是不是得弄得正式点?
3. on one knee 单膝跪着
knee down, 下跪
get down on one's knee, 下跪
4. can you give us just a minute?可以让我们俩单独待会吗?
5. He pulled a quarter out of my ear!
quarter:
A coin equal to one fourth of the dollar of the United States and Canada.二角五分硬币相当于四分之一美元和加元的硬币
6. I just did something terrible.我刚才做了件蠢事, 傻事,糟糕透了的事
7. Rachel thinks I asked her to marry me!想想这里thinks为什么用第三人称单数?
8. If you clear things up with Rachel 如果你把事情和瑞秋讲清楚
9. foreplayn.性交前的爱抚, 前奏, 前戏
10. puppet [5pQpit] n.傀儡, 木偶
11. You two are so meant to be together你们俩太....般配了..so meant to be together..
12. kind of a full house here 看来屋里人太多了. 满屋子都是人...
13. janitor [5dV AnitE]n.看门人
13. peek 一瞥, 匆忙看过v.偷看,其他"看" 的动作:
stare:[steE(r)]v.(～at) 凝视, 盯着看
leer: n.淫荡的目光, 恶意的目光vi.送秋波, 斜视
witness[5witnis] n.[律]证人, 目击者, 证据, 证明, 证词
vt.目击, 为...作证, 证明, 表明vi.作证, 成为证据
14. there's something I gotta tell ya我有点事要和你说.
其他句式: I gotta tell ya something，
15．Wait up!等一下．．
16．She's so exhausted.太疲惫了，she's so tired.
17. lukewarm[5lju:kwC:m]adj.冷淡的
18.I didn't want to rush into anything.我不想做任何太过仓促的事．高级用法.
19．He didn't make it to one of my piano recitals,
注意make it的用法，成功做某事，可以单独用，比如，I can make it!也可以加间宾，就象上句：make it to sth.
e.g. I didn't make it to your wedding ceremony, I am sorry.
20. Before today I never thought of you two having sex at all. It was a simpler time.
21. conceive vt.构思, 以为, 持有vi.怀孕, 考虑, 设想. 及物动词,可接宾语
pregnant, adj.用法：get pregnant
补充：
pregnant [5pre^nEnt] adj.怀孕的, 怀胎的; [喻]孕育着的
丰富的; 充满的, 富有的, 含蓄的, 意义深长的
富于想象力的, 富有创造力的; 富于成果的
be pregnant with new ideas孕育着新思想
a pregnant reply意味深长的答复
22. Mr. Geller: Well you gotta get at it princess! When your mother and I were trying to conceive you, whenever she was ovulating, bam, we did it. That's how I got my bad hip.
这句给后面剧情作铺垫，后面几集，Mon和Chandler总是计算着Mon 的ovulating的时间，希望这时候做爱可以怀上孩子．
23. now's a good time. I'm on my way to have my ears cut off.
24. Days of Our Lives, thank you very much
25. it's not that easy.看这句：和中文语序一样：）这可不那么简单．．
26. check that out.探个究竟
27. technically 这个词老外经常用，怎么翻译还没研究出来：）好像只能意会不能言传似的：），给几个例句：
e.g. Actually, technically, I didn't, (901)
But is it technically a date if the other person doesn't show up?(914)
28. rush into anything VS. slow things down
Ross: Hey, I'm not going to rush into anything!
Joey: Oh yeah, dude, ．．Usually after I have a baby with a woman I like to slow things down!
30. That kid is going to town 惯用法go to town??这是美国传统词典上的解释
go to town (Informal)
1. To work or perform efficiently and rapidly.
2. To be highly successful.
（谢谢ACE通过即时消息给我解释）
31. pamphlet[5pAmflit] n.小册子
32. but could you pass my pamphlets back?
pass to, pass sth to sb, 把某物递给某人
pass sth back，递还．．
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
【902】The One Where Emma Cries
jeffwu's
1. You have to realize....但是你要明白，但是你要明了..
2. I'm not helping.
当时Rachel说了一堆理由为自己辩解，但知道自己做得确实不太对，又不想丢面子，所以我认为这儿可以理解为“我可不是在为自己开脱”或“我可不是在狡辩”，其实是在给自己找个台阶下。
help 字典上有一条释意为“if you help yourself, you try to get yourself out of a difficult situation rather than accept it and think you can do nothing to change it."
3. I'm gonna take off.
take off v.拿掉, 取消, 脱衣, 起飞, 减弱, 离开, 岔开, 复制
4. I don't wanna be negative 我不想泼你的冷水,
反义词: positive.
4. the more I worried about it the more I couldn't sleep,
the more.. the more..的用法.
e.g. The more I love you, the more I hesitate to tell you.
5. gorilla stuffed animal stuffed animal: 填充的动物玩偶.
6. Is he still mad at us?他还是对我很生气么?
be mad AT sb
7. he'd be over it by now.他这会应该没事了.
8. burping clogs 用来防止婴儿打嗝的东西
9. Linen closet(放桌布、床单等的)亚麻织品衣橱
10. hospital fetish 医院狂热病
[5fi:tiF, 5fetiF] n.物神, 迷信, 偶像；迷恋
make a fetish of盲目崇拜
11. stop by, 拜访, 去...一趟,
12. muffin[5mQfin]n.松饼
13. take your time别着急；类似的用法: take it easy....叫别人别紧张, 别着急..
14. he's really not letting this go 他是不是还就想揪着这事不放哪???
let go...不放过..
15. he got over the "we were on a break" thing really quickly, 他忘记“我们分手了”这件事情确实很快
对比第7点, be over, 意思和get over一样, 就是从某事/病痛中恢复过来的意思...
be, get的区别是, be 表示状态, get表示动作的过程, 比如
the flower is red, the flower is getting red...
16. if everyone's on board 如果大家都同意
17. throw up v.呕吐, 猛地举起, 放弃, 产生, 使显眼
18. I am losing my mind lose one's mind快疯了... 类似: I am getting nuts!!
19. dipper [5dipE] n.浸渍者, 汲取的人, 浸染工, 显影液容器, 北斗七星
20. I still can't believe she slept with you in the first place
最开始我都不敢相信她和你睡了..
21. you're pissed at me我知道你还在生我的气
piss off 滚开, 滚蛋
be pissd off 发怒, 极厌恶；极疲乏
e.g. I was pissed of
f...我气死了..
22. I gotta say technically, I didn't even do anything wrong.哈, technically又出现了!!
23. go back in time 回到。。时候
e.g. go back in time to 50's 如果回到50年代
23. Ross, we have to get past this. 罗斯, 我们必须解决这件事
24. You ducked
duck：To evade; dodge:避开；躲闪：
25. I'm kinda part of this.我还是呆这吧...
26. what's up?怎么了? 发生什么事了?
27. what's going on?出什么事情了?
28. Please don't make me go there!千万别派我去那..
这句有点象上海人说: 不要太好噢...
29. strapping [5strApiN] adj.伟岸的, 魁梧的, 身材高大健壮的n.皮带材料, 橡皮膏
30. I feel terrible
31. what's it short for? 但它是什么的简称？
32. you two were supposed to be together.
be supposed to do sth..对照前面的: you are supposed to duck! 同样的用法.
33. if you have a plan, you should stick to it,...坚持...
34. you guys have got it under control 控制非典也是用get the SARS under control:)
35. Misery really does love company.来源于成语: Misery loves company.同病相怜
36. You're just new at this你只不过是个新手呀，很简单但很实用的句子．
37. bouncy [5baunsi] adj.快活的, 精神的, 有弹性的, 自大的
38. You must be a fireball in bed.
fireball [5faIEbC:l] n. 火球, 大流星, [军](旧式)燃烧弹, [美口]工作起来劲十足的人
39. Have I gone deaf?
40. You are the official baby crier stopper!
老美说话的随便性可见一斑．随便拿个动词加er就当名词用，就象有一集里ross说
divorcer，divorce加r，那样．
41. Say what? 再一次的随便．说啥呢？？？什么什么？？？
42. natural instincts天性
补充:
we can't turn on each other, 我们别窝里斗了, 别互相挑衅了
turn on v.开启, 变得兴奋, 突然装出, 开始
【903】The One With the Pediatrician
jeffwu
1. pediatrician [7pi:diE5triFEn] n.儿科医师
2. So what's the big news you had us rush all the way over here for?到底有什么大事你让我们匆忙来这?
3. head up our office in Tulsa。head up the office, 做分部/分公司的负责人/领导
4. as of Monday as of + date, 那时候
5. it could be up to a year.怎么也得一年.
6. I don't think I'm gonna be able to make it. make it, 再一次强调这一用法.
7. Just to be sure 保险起见...
8. commitment-minded 有责任感的
9. rule out v.划去, 排除, 取消
10. my boss and I worked out a deal
work out a deal 就某事达成一致, 达成约定
11. are you just used to saying that?
used to doing sth, 习惯做某事
12. I can't be away from you for that long.
我不能离开你那么久.
13. you said that without gagging!
gag [^A^] n.塞口物, 随口科白, 打诨, 箝口物, 箝制言论, 讨论终结
vt.塞物于...的口中, 禁止, 使窒息, 使呕吐, 压制言论自由, 插科打诨, 欺骗
vi.窒息, 作呕, 欺骗, 插科打诨
14. hiccup[5hikQp] n.打嗝v.打嗝
15. rubella [ru:5belE]n. [医]风疹
16. botched Botox.糟糕的Botox除皱治疗
17. therapist [5WerEpIst] n.临床医学家
18. get out of a nine-year relationship,刚结束一场9年的感情,
19. attaboy [5AtEbCi] int.好啊! 好样的!
20. if I had a nickel for every time somebody has asked me that.
There's a saying. "if i had a nickel/ penny/ dime for everytime someone asked me that, i would be rich!" it means that everyone has been asking this person the same question and this person wants to express this fact.
21. what are you up to these days?你最近都在做些什么呢?
类似用法: what's up? 怎么了?
22. Slim Pickings.
第9季中这个词经常出现, 这里Slim Pickings 是一个烤肉馆的名字,
这种剧情有点象周星星电影里的: 有间客栈..<具体理解请参考电影情节.>
23. a bit of a stretch这么说有点说过了
24. mesquite n.(=mesquit)豆科灌木
25. cheesy[5tFi:zi] adj.干酪质的, <美俚>（质量）低劣的, 下等的, <英俚>俊俏的, 潇洒的
26. head-hunter.猎头..
27. whole hog n.最大程度, 彻底
28. It's going to be tough to keep Kosher in Tulsa.
看来在tulsa找一个可以吃饭的地方可真难呀..
kosher: (有很多意思, 请查字典, 这里的意思应该是
Selling or serving food prepared in accordance with dietary laws:
可食的按饮食法规准备出售或供应的食物：
a kosher restaurant. 可食餐馆
29. this is really flattering,这太荣幸了..
类似用法: you are flattering me!! I am flattered!!!都是一个意思.
30. That's the kinda thing you usually run by me.什么？这些事你也经常告诉我。
Run by me means "let me know about".
If you don't understand something someone tells you, you can also say "run that by me again?"
31. Dr. Gettleman is finishing up with a patient, he should be out shortly. finish up with sb..
32. strep[strep] n.链锁状球菌
33. lollypop [5lClipCp]n.糖果, 棒棒糖
34. You even have to ask?! 这还要问？
35。I have an appointment for Emma.
用法：have a appointment for sb.. 这里的sb是你为谁约的。。
have a appointment with sb...这里的sb是你要见的人。
36. for so long ；for that long...
37. fall out v.争吵, 吵架, 闹翻, 结果是, 离队
这个１００％要记住，学英语这么久。。。吵架。。怎么说今天才知道：（
38. That's why you look so familiar!我说你怎么那么面熟!
39. Do you not know each other? 老外很随便的用法。
40. Mike is playing a game that we used to play in high school.
use to do..我们过去做过的。。。
use to doing...习惯做某事。。见９０２
41.This is humiliating! 表达同样意思的还有ross说的：I am so insulted!!!
42. you've still got a lot of packing to do.
get a lot of packing to do...
do的用法，Rach说过do the floor, do the window...意思是打扫了地板，打扫了窗子。
a lot a packing to do...就是还有很多东西要收拾，给行李打包的意思。
43. this is a once in a lifetime opportunity.这种机会很难得。。。千载难逢的机会。高级用法，一定要记住。
44. I mean four days is not that long.
is not that long..
for that long..
for so long
45. if we can't make it one day, 如果我们连一天都挺不住,
46. diagnostician[7daiE^nCs5tiFEn] n.诊断医生, 诊断专家
47. boo-boo n.<俚>愚蠢的错误, 轻伤
48. Does he say that before he sticks his thermometer in your touchy? 他是在把体温计插入你屁屁之前说的这话吗???????????
touchy 发tushi屁股的意思,小孩子量体温是在那量的，效果跟舌下，腋窝是一样的
touchy[5tQtFi] adj.暴躁的, 难以处理的, 易起火的
49. wall-hanging
50. I was hoping I would run into you.
run into sb...碰巧遇见某人
例句：It's a pleasant surpise runing into you...碰到你真让我又惊又喜。。。
51. I'm so embarrassed.
It is so humiliating..
I am so insulted...
52. Why did you go along with that?
go along with sth..
go along with v.一起去, 赞同, 附和。高级用法，一定记住。
53. That wouldn't stand in the way of a true pianist.这可不会难住真正的钢琴家.
stand in the way of 妨碍,阻住...的路
54. Plays 'air piano' 虚弹了一会钢琴。
55. acoustic [E5ku:stIk]adj. 有关声音的, 声学的, 音响学的
56.folksy [5fEuksi]adj.和气的, 有民间风味的, 友好的, 无拘束的
57.you just caught me off guard!
off guard adv.不警惕
58. rash [rAF] adj.轻率的, 匆忙的, 卤莽的；n.[医]皮疹
59. single parent单身家长，
60. I got held up at Dr. Gettleman's office.我在Gettleman医生办公室耽搁了.
got held up...被耽搁了。。。受阻了。。。
61. call me when you land.到那后一定给我打电话.
62. I'm mad at you 类似说法：you are driving me crazy...
63. Any chance you are trying to pick a fight to make all this easier?
64. you see right through me!! 你还真了解我。。
65. Double promise?
66. He had to board. 他得登机了.
友情提醒：到目的地：简单的说land
登机：简单的说board...
－－－－－－－－－
lavanew's
1.>How do you and Joey know each other anyway?..
> How do I and Joey know each other? Wow,
> If I had a nickel for every time somebody has asked me that. 怎么大家都这么问。
there's a saying. "if i had a nickel/ penny/ dime for everytime someone asked me that, i would be rich!" it means that everyone has been asking this person the same question and this person wants to express this fact.
2.> Well, I'm a lawyer.
> Mike, 'attorney at law'!
> Actually, I just gave up my practice.
> What? That's the kinda thing you usually run by me.什么？这些事你也经常告诉我。
run by me means "let me know about".
if you don't understand something someone tells you, you can also say "run that by me again?"
3. botched Botox
[肉毒桿菌素」去皺針（BOTOX）
要數今年最熱門的醫學美容話題，一定莫過於「肉毒桿菌素」去皺治療了！BOTOX (保妥適)去皺注射，現今在美國已蔚然成風，迄今已有超過160萬人次接受過BOTOX 注射。這種神奇的美容除皺科技，毋須開刀，不留疤痕，在很短時間內消除皺紋，增加個人自信。
好恐怖，听说汤姆.克鲁斯，朱丽亚.罗泊茨定期都要去打一针.
botched means that it was "messed up" somehow.
顺便，plastic surgery，整形手术。
4.Look Joey all grown up, 为什么Joey听见那几个名字就笑个不停
> dr.Wiener
Weiner is another word for penis that children use, it's also another word for hot dog but its usually for penis.
> Sandy Poophack
poop=shoot
> Lana Titweiller
tit is another word for breast
5.i call their apartment 我要他们的公寓！其余的人气自己晚了一步。
－－－－－－－－
6.the world is your oyster. 这是你最得意的时刻
Kick up your heels. 好好出去享受一番
Paint the town red. 外面的世界很精彩（或：世界需要你才会精彩）
关于Paint the town red：今天下班后去了一趟图书大厦，在一本关于美国习语的书上看到了这句话的准确解释：尽情享受，热烈庆祝
【904】The One With the Sharks
jeffwu
1. Could you zip me up?
zip [zip] [计]一种程序压缩的档案文件格式n. 拉链
v. 拉开或拉上
zip up: 帮某人把衣服/裤子/裙子..上的拉链拉上.
zip up其他意思: 增添滋味；增加兴趣或生命力
2. So why you all dressed up?
dress up v. 盛装, 打扮, 装饰, 伪装
3. Mike's picking me up for a date.
pick up原意为: v. 掘地, 捡起, 获得, 使恢复精神, 加快, 看到, 随便地认识, 加速
引申用法: 接某人, 比如: would you please pick me up around six?
4. is it getting serious?
5.you are a bit of a drama queen. 你有点象戏剧女王。
6. you're so much better off. better off adj. 状况好的；经济状况好的，富裕的
7. I can't believe I never realized this before. realize, 认识到...
8. I'm in my 30s 我都三十多了...
9. I'm sorry I didn't catch... catch...I didn't catch what you said.. 没听清楚..
10. compact 女士用的补妆盒[5kRmpAkt] adj. 紧凑的, 紧密的, 简洁的n. 契约, 合同, 小粉盒
11. How come? 怎么会?
How come you look so sad? 你怎么看上去这么伤心?
12. Why don't you fly out there and surprise him?
13. The black see-through teddy with the attached
garters 黑色、透明、带吊带的连衫衬裤
see-through [5si:5Wru:] adj. 透明的
teddy [5tedi] n. (流行于20世纪20年代的妇女)连衫衬裤
garter [5^B:tE] n. 吊袜带v. 吊袜带吊住
14. I don't usually ask out women that I meet in coffeehouses
ask out [口]请去作客, 邀请外出
15. I just figured that I'd help you out
help out 帮助(某人) 帮助(某人)解决困难[做某事]
15. This could have been my serious guy!
serious guy: 在前面有说: is it getting serious? turn into anything serious.
所以Phoebe这里说serious guy表示the guy I should be seriously to.
英语里类似的用法有Mr. Right... 来源：He is not the right person for you!他不适合你！
以下是我对美国人说话的个人理解：可以从习语或日常用语中演化这种用法，比如英语里有一见钟情：love at first sight.我想如果有这么个场景，你的朋友和他/她的GF/BF是一见钟情的那种，你和他/她看到GF/BF过来的时候，你可以说：HI，here comes your first-sight guy!或者He/she may be your Mr/Miss. first-sight；另见905notes, Mr sensitivity...
16. this whole place look familiar!
Sth/Sb/some place looks familiar! e.g.: you look so familair to me!
17. sorry to just drop by like this,
drop by v. 随便访问the same meaning as: stop by
18. cult [kQlt] n. 礼拜, 祭仪, 一群信徒, 礼拜式
19. it's just you have that look 你看上去象。
20. D*m* super cuts! cuts... hair cut..发型
21.Please don't blow her off. blow off v. 吹掉, 放出
类似用法: turn down v. (被)向下折转, 拒绝drop sb..
22. vis-a-vis [vi:zB:5vi:] n. 面对面的人, 两人对座的长椅
prep. 和...面对面, 同...相比, 关于adv. 相向着, 相对着
23. I'll hit the gym. gym [dVim] gymnasium 体育n. 体育馆, 体操
hit some place..去某地..
other usage:
Hit the road.
let's hit the road, 我们上路吧..
hit the books 念书
24. Is everything all right?
25. Pay-per-view p**n! 付费情色台!
p*rn [pC:n] n. <口>(=p*rnography)色情文学, 色情描写
26. what a pleasant surprise. 惊喜万分..
e.g. what a pleasant surprise runing into you..遇见你真让我惊喜莫名..
27. I'm gonna go freshen up。freshen up v. 使精神饱满, 梳洗一番
28. mast*rbate [5mAstEbeit] v. (对...)进行手淫
29. Not if he gets his jollies to Jaws!
get jollies to sth. jolly [5dVCli] adj. 欢乐的, 高兴的, 快活的
30. archeologist [9B:kI`ClEdVIst] n. 考古学家
31. half way through our date
32. I am very memorable。memorable[5memErEbl]adj.值得纪念的, 难忘的
33.who's fault is that?中文语序是: that is who's fault? 这是谁的错呢??
请牢记这种英文句型. 比如:who's cup is it?这是谁的水杯?
34. What's the big deal? 有什么大不了的么？
类似句型: it's no bigh deal．这没什么大不了的．．
35. although sometimes when I'm a little bloated 尽管有时候我会有些自信过头．．bloated[5blEutid]adj.浮肿的, 发胀的, 傲慢的
36. why don't you just let it go 。let go.. 不计较．．放过．．参见其他集的笔记
37. sluttery[5slQtEri]n.懒惰, 邋塌, 淫荡
38. You're made for each other.天生一对，其他表达方法有：
you're perfect for each other. You both are so meant to be together.
39. salt[sC:lt]n.食盐, 风趣, 刺激；adj.；含盐的, 咸的, 风趣的, 辛辣的；vt.加盐于, 用盐腌
40. mermaid [5mE:meid]n.(传说中的)美人鱼, <美>女子游泳健将
41. Quick thing,有个小事情．．在打断对方说话，说有点事，很快处理的事情时，引入语．．．
42. you got mad at that part.
get mad at sb/sth 因为．．而生气
be mad at sb/sth对．．．生气
43. I ended up telling him end up doing...最后．．．
44. he seemed too bummed out that 沮丧，难过
45. I swear to Lucifer。lucifer[5lu:sIfE(r)]n.魔鬼, 撒旦
46. I'm not going along with some lie you made
go along with v.一起去, 赞同, 附和
47. I've nothing to be ashamed of
be ashamed of sb/sth
48. if he can't handle that受不了．．处理不了．．
类似：bear it, stand it..
49. it was kind of a shock
kind of..用的太频繁了．．．是人就说kind of...一定要在平时口语里用上...显得地道：）
50. it's not ringing any bells.
ring bells, ring a bell..某人想起某事．the bell rings...
51. I'll let myself out. 我自个滚蛋．．．
52. birth certificate 出生证明
53. my heart goes to him.还记得那首歌曲：my heart will go on..么？
54. You know that bastard is one smooth-talking free-lance kite designer.
smooth-talking
free-lance adj.自由契约的, 自由投稿的
55. you don't think I'm a total freak
freak在这里做名词．做动词时：freak sb out..
56. I have a little surprise for you! 我为你准备了一些小惊喜!
57. Do you want me to fast forward to something a little toothier?
fast forward, fast forward to..快进．．一定要记住这个说法．
58. tub [tQb]n.浴盆
59. What's going on?这是怎么了?
类似说法：what's up? what's matter, what's wrong, what's going on here?
60. Angry sharks turn you on愤怒的鲨鱼使你兴奋!
turn on sb, turn sb on的用法，见９０２
61. I will try to get past it.. get past..处理，解决，见９０２
62. Then why were you watching them and giving yourself a treat?
give oneself a treat..
63. I switched the channel换频道：switch the channel
64. You are an amazing wife.
amazing是个蛮高级的词：）it's amazing.. you are amazing..好像mm发嗲可以用这个词；）
65. my confidence is shaken我的信心被摇动了
66. maybe this is a wake-up call 一个警钟．．
补充: search your brain..这是很直白/很随便的说法.. 书面很少这么用.
其他说法: think it over
【905】The One With Phoebe's Birthday Dinner
jeffwu
1. I couldn't get a reservation for the night of my birthday reservation:[7rezE5veiFEn]n.保留, (旅馆房间等)预定, 预约
make a reservation:
If you want to go to the concert, you'll have to make a reservation, or there will be no tickets.
如果你想去听音乐会，你得（事先）预订（票），否则会没有票的。
2. we have to do dinner Thursday night instead.
instead..另外..注意这里instead的用法.
3. Halloween[5hAlEu5i:n]n.万圣节前夕, 诸圣日前夕
October 31, celebrated in the United States, Canada, and the British Isles by children going door to door while wearing costumes and begging treats and playing pranks.
诸圣日前夕，万圣节前夕10月31日，在美国、加拿大以及英伦诸岛的孩子们穿着化装服走
家串户接受款待并且做些恶作剧以庆祝这个节日
4.spooky [5spu:kI]adj.幽灵般的, 怪异的, 神经质的
情景: 这里Phoebe说没有预定到位子,要改在周四吃生日饭, Joey说那可是万圣节..Phoebe说, so..意思是万圣节怎么了?
我生日你想怎么着? Joey就说: So spooky, that's all.(就是有些怪异，倒没别的), 鬼节过生日
5. I get mad at him, get/be mad at sb/sth
6. I think it's a little too soon to show my true colors.
7. I would make a reservation for five 见1
8. I'll put a lot of extra thought into your gift.我要在给你的礼物上多化些心思
9. We all haven't been together, the six of us, in such a long time.
表达"有很长时间" 的说法有：in such a long time,
又比如901里Phoebe说:we haven't done the secret thing in a long time.
in a long time也可以表达这一意思.
10. let's get started by taking a look at last quarter's figures.
get started..开始做某事.
get started by doing..从做某事开始..
start from scratch
from scratch从零开始, 从无到有, 白手起家
11. it's legal to smoke in offices with fifteen people or less.
注意这里"少于"的表达方法: 15 people or less.
Chandler后面的另一表达是: fewer than.
12. trick or treat 翻译为: 想要招待，还是想捣蛋..??
13. threadbare[5WredbZE]adj.穿破旧衣服的, 俗套的
14. Chandler's gonna be home any minute,
any minute. = in any mintue..马上, 随时..
14. I'm ovulating and Chandler's gonna be home any minute, so I thought we would try before dinner.还记得901笔记里说Mon的父亲建议Mon在Ovulating时候做爱容易怀孕么? 那时就是给这里及后面的一系列作铺垫.
15. in Oklahoma smoking is legal in all common areas and offices with fewer than fifteen people. fewer than..另见: 11
16. trivia [5trivjE]n.琐事
17. you stink of cigarettes.
stink of v.发恶臭
18. something to cover the smell cover the smell, 盖住这味道..
19. unscented [9Qn`sentId]adj.无气味的，无香味的
20. I'm feeling kinda gross.
gross [^rEJs]adj.肥大的；粗野的，粗俗的，不雅的（语言、举止）
21. she's stuck in terrible traffic.
be stuck in traffic..被堵在路上了..交通堵塞类似说法: traffic jam.
22. you only heard Monica's side of that.你听到的不过是莫尼卡的一面之辞Sb's side of ...高级用法
23. fatso [5fAtsEu]n.胖子, 胖家伙(作称呼用,含贬意)
24. I just don't think I can bear it.还记得新概念2册第一课的: i couldn't bear it么?
bear sth..受得了...类似说法: stand it.. 以及后面有一集里Phoebe说Mike: if he cannot handle it...也有类似意思.
25. the world is your oyster. Kick up the heels. Paint the town red.
1.the world is your oyster. 这是你最得意的时刻
2.Kick up your heels. 好好出去享受一番
3.Paint the town red. 外面的世界很精彩（或：世界需要你才会精彩）尽情享受，热烈庆祝我不是很清楚Paint the town red的用法, (这里是转前面贴子的)但英语里还有一句和red有关表示高兴,值得纪念的成语:
red-letter day;
e.g: it was one of the red-letter days of my life.这是我一生中最值得纪念的日子之一.(高级用法)
26. shove [FQv]n.<口>推, 挤；vt.<口>推挤, 猛推, 强使；vi.推
27. Holy moly, are we in a pickle now.天哪... 这次歇菜了...
顺便说几个和holy有关的感叹用语
Holly Mother Of God! 见: 913
Holy moly..
holy f*ck..
holy shoot.. 后两个是notting hill 里的英国佬说话就这味道
28. They're forty minutes late.类似说法: I am late for forty minutes..
全十季《老友记》学习笔记
这是六个人的故事，从不服输而又有强烈控制欲的monica，未经世事的千金大小姐rachel，正直又专情的ross，幽默风趣的chandle，古怪迷人的phoebe，花心天真的joey——六个好友之间的情路坎坷，事业成败和生活中的喜怒哀乐，无时无刻不牵动着彼此的心，而正是正平凡的点点滴滴，却成为最令人感动与留恋的东西。 人物：1、瑞秋?格林(RACHEL GREENE)由珍妮佛?安妮斯顿(Jennifer Aniston)扮演 瑞秋是莫妮卡的高中同学，在与牙医未婚夫的婚礼上脱逃至莫妮卡处。 2、罗斯?盖勒(Ross Geller)由大卫?修蒙(David Schwimmer)扮演 罗斯为莫妮卡的哥哥，于高中时即暗恋妹妹的同学瑞秋，但始终不敢表白 3、莫妮卡?盖勒(Monica Geller)由科妮寇?克斯(Courteney Cox Arquette)扮演 莫妮卡是《六人行》的中心人物，其他五人可以说就是由她延伸出来的。 4、钱德?宾(Chandler Bing)由马修?派瑞(Matthew Perry)扮演 钱德为罗斯的大学同学，因而与罗斯、莫妮卡结识甚久 5、菲比?巴费(Phoebe Buffay)由丽莎?库卓(Lisa Kudrow)扮演 菲比为莫妮卡的旧室友，后因受不了其洁癖而搬走 6、乔伊?崔比昂尼(Joey Tribbiani)由麦特?雷布兰克(Matt Le Blanc)扮演 乔伊与钱德为共租公寓的室友，自然也是莫妮卡和瑞秋的邻居 《电影手册》评价： friends是一部彻底而纯粹的通俗剧的代表，它是一部具有十足纽约风格的情景喜剧。它形成了一个自己的世界，围绕着同一个屋檐下的，6个30上下的男女拉开了故事帷幕。他们在一起，倾听彼此的烦恼和快乐，一起成长和生活，而故事的平衡点，也是最常见不过——6个单身贵族最终将组成三对情侣（此点有错误），这一对称组合加强了全剧的轻松喜剧效果。Friends为我们解析了每天的平淡生活，普通情侣的爱恋或友情体现了逐步系列剧的力量。城市文明异类温柔的疯狂，却又怀有情窦初开的少女梦想，这个从普通生活中得来的灵感。一直推动系列剧向滑稽情节发展。Friends给我们解释了什么是快乐的痛苦，再多一点，我们又会把自己幽闭在这个神奇的世界里。 【Season 1 Index】 Episode 101 : The One Where Monica Gets A New Roommate (Pilot) Episode 102 : The One With The Sonogram At The End Episode 103 : The One With The Thumb Episode 104 : The One With George Stephanopoulos Episode 105 : The One With The East German Laundry Detergent Episode 106 : The One With The Butt Episode 107 : The One With The Blackout Episode 108 : The One Where Nana Dies Twice Episode 109 : The One Where Underdog Gets Away Episode 110 : The One With The Monkey Episode 111 : The One With Mrs. Bing Episode 112 : The One With The Dozen Lasagnas Episode 113 : The One With The Boobies Episode 114 : The One With The Candy Hearts Episode 115 : The One With The Stoned Guy Episode 116 : The One With Two Parts, Part 1
Friends老友记英文介绍
Friends Last year, I was told that there was an American TV serial called “ Friends that enjoys an overwhelming popularity in America. This semesterI had an opportunity to watch it and from that moment on I learned that it had been filmed for ten years. What a great accomplishment it is! It is a story in which six of typical young people live a common life. They are Ross, Phoebe, Chandler, Monica, Joey, Rachel. They have many conflicts in terms of emotion, principles, interest, and social status. Meanwhile, the friendship and love are promoted to a new level. This story actually mirrors our daily life and routines. It also stimulates us to think about how to live a better life and appreciate the beauty of life. Friendship is difficult to establish and easy to destroy. The phenomenon happened to the six friends. Chandler once chased Joey ' s girlfriend and had a romance with Joey ' s sister.They all have various defects. Ross sometimes declares a dissertation like a a sealed book. Chandler is an expert in making jokes. Monica ' s cleanliness and emulation is unbearable. Rachel doesn ' t do anything and can do nothing but shopping. She even doesn ' t know how to dispose waste. What ' s more terrible is Phoebe ' s voice. She loves singing but no one can afford to listen to. Nevertheless, we can learn a lot from them. The solid friendship among them doesn' t just result from the demand of plots. The real reason is they know the greatest principles of friendship: trust, tolerance and support. They trust each other and tolerant others ' shortcoming and mistakes, what ' s more, they support each other to do what he or she likes to do.
老友记第一季中英文对照
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西方音乐史重难点优选稿
西方音乐史重难点集团公司文件内部编码：（TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-
151：Bellini Norma-Casta Diva（歌剧《诺尔玛》“圣洁女神”）我们常为莫扎特、舒伯特的英年早逝而深感遗憾，其实，贝利尼的过早离世，同样也是世界音乐史，尤其是歌剧艺术发展进程中无法弥补的巨大损失。万幸的是，他在生前为我们留下了一部旷世杰作，那就是写于1831年的《诺尔玛)}《诺尔玛》是一部英雄的歌剧，被称作以表现女主角为主的歌剧，女主人公诺尔玛的抒情咏叹调《圣洁女神》被作者描述得完美而动人，在整部歌剧中占据了中心的位置，它的音乐语言曲线优美，气息宽广。""（Casta Diva）、"爱情回来"（Ah! Bello a me ritorna）则是诺尔玛在全剧中最好的一个唱段，也是意大利上最有名的一曲。其曲调优美，是典型的贝里尼式样的旋律，绵延不断，由较小的音域开始，随感情的变化渐渐上升，在迎来一个小高潮后回复平缓。152：Verdi：Nabucco-Overture（威尔第：歌剧《纳布科》序曲）这部歌剧改编自圣经故事和一幕话剧。纳布科即巴比伦国王，是一个残暴的侵略者，率领军队占领了耶路撒冷，并驱赶了那里的犹太人。剧本热情歌颂了这些犹太人不甘受奴役、思念家乡、怀恋祖国的真挚感情。 这种强烈的爱国主义情感深深打动了威尔第，使他联想到自己的祖国和人民，想到家乡的父老兄弟还在奥地利侵略者的铁蹄下挣扎。他把对祖国的深厚的感情和对侵略者强烈的仇恨全部倾注到这部歌剧的音乐中。整部歌剧音乐情绪激昂，热情有力，旋律明朗，气势雄伟，自始至终洋溢着爱国主义精神。
老友记(Friends)主要人物及主演详细英文介绍
Characters Of Friends The series featured six main characters throughout its run, with many other characters recurring throughout all ten seasons. ?Jennifer Aniston portrays Rachel Greene, a fashion enthusiast and Monica Geller's best friend from childhood. Rachel first moves in with Monica in season one after nearly marrying Barry Farber whom she realizes she does not love. Rachel and Ross Geller are later involved in an on-again-off-again relationship throughout the series. Rachel dates other men during the series, such as an Italian neighbor, Paolo in season one, her client Joshua Bergin in season four, her assistant Tag in season seven, and Jo ey Tribbiani in season ten. Rachel’s first job is as a waitress at the coffeehouse Central Perk, but she later becomes an assistant buyer at Bloomingdale's in season three, and a buyer at Ralph Lauren in season five. Rachel and Ross have a daughter named Emma in "The One Where Rachel Has a Baby, Part Two" at the end of season 8. ?Courteney Cox portrays Monica Geller, the mother hen of the group and a chef,known for her perfectionist, bossy and competitive nature. Monica is often jokingly teased by the others for having been extremely overweight as a child, especially by her brother Ross. Monica works as a chef in various restaurants throughout the show. Monica’s first serious relationship is with family friend Richard Burke who is 21 years her senior. The couple maintains a strong relationship until Richard expresses that he does not want to have children much to Monica’s dismay. Monica and Chandler Bing later start a relationship after spending a night with each other in the season four finale, leading to their marriage in season seven. ?Lisa Kudrow portrays Phoebe Buffay, an eccentric masseuse and self-taught musician. Phoebe lived in uptown New York with her mother until her mother killed herself and Phoebe took to the streets. Phoebe is ditsy but street smart and writes and sings (badly) her own quirky songs, accompanying herself on the guitar. She has an "evil" identical twin named
中西方音乐史重点
1 ：我国的第一部音乐史著作是叶伯和《中国音乐史》，代表着中国古代音乐史学的开始 2:：我国古代律调中存在着两类调名体系，分别为“为调”和“之调”。3：世界上第一位发明十二平均律的是朱载堉 4：十八律是有蔡元定发明的 5：德国的第一个音乐学院是由作曲家门德尔松创建的莱比锡音乐学院 6：西方的复调音乐最早的形式为奥尔加农 7: 中国最早的话剧团体为春柳社 8：我国最早到琵琶曲为元代的《海青拿天鹅》 9：我国现存最早的古琴谱集是《神奇秘谱》 10：我国近代第一个由中国人组成的西式管弦乐队上海贫儿院弦乐队，其创办者是李叔同 11：古希腊音阶的基本元素是下行四音列 12：古希腊的乐谱是字母谱 13：说唱音乐的唱腔结构一般分为板腔体，曲牌体，单曲体，主插体 14：我国的说唱曲种可分为评话，鼓曲，快板，相声 15：汉族的说唱音乐分为鼓词，弹词，道情，牌子曲，琴书。 16：我国第一个音乐社团是音乐讲才会，是由沈心工发起组织的。17：古希腊弦乐器的代表是里尔，管乐器的代表是阿夫洛斯管。18: 1836年，格林卡的歌剧《伊凡·苏萨宁》在彼得堡上演，标志着
俄罗斯民族歌剧的诞生。 19：我国最早运用西方20世纪音乐技法进行创作的作曲家是江文也20：“八音”分别为金，石，丝，竹，土，革，木，匏。 21：西方音乐最早的文献记载是从文学作品《荷马史诗》开始的。22：文艺复兴时期的音乐织体是复调音乐。 23: 16世纪意大利最主要的世俗声乐音乐体裁是牧歌。 24：赵元任被萧友梅誉为“中国的舒伯特”。 25：常见的民歌体裁有劳动号子，山歌，小调，儿歌，风俗歌。26：在我国民族音乐中，用板和眼来标记强拍和弱拍。 27：学堂乐歌的兴起，标志着中国近代音乐文化的开端。 28：第一部真正意义的音乐会序曲是门德尔松的《仲夏夜之梦》。29：我国最早用比较音乐学原理来阐述中国古代乐制的著作是由王光祺《东西乐制之研究》。 30: 14~15世纪，英国作曲家邓斯泰布尔开创了文艺复兴音乐的新风格。 31：贝多芬创作的唯一一部歌剧作品为《费德里奥》。 32：德彪西创作的唯一一部歌剧作品为《佩里亚斯与梅利桑德》。33：“第二维也纳乐派”包括作曲家勋伯格，贝尔格，威伯恩。34：目前我国公认最早的钢琴曲是《和平进行曲》。 35：西方最早的弦乐器是里拉琴。 36：亨德尔最重要的创作领域为正歌剧和清唱剧。 37：无词歌由门德尔松创立。
如何利用老友记学英语
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的男人,非常疼爱他的儿子本；养过一直叫作“马赛尔”的猴子且对它一往情深因前任老婆是同性恋而离婚，但对她始终无法忘情对感情的表白上显得十分胆小，对婚姻缺乏信心，共计有三次离婚记录 [怪癖]事事都爱与前妻的同性恋爱人苏珊竞争 不能忍受别人对“人类是由猴子进化而来的”的观点有丝毫怀疑 [职业]博物馆考古学家，大学讲师，收入颇丰 3 莫妮卡-盖勒(Monica Geller)：科妮寇-克斯(Courteney Cox Arquette)扮演 语音学习：练长句子，她经常会一口气说很多。如伦敦之行 莫妮卡是《六人行》的中心人物，其他五人由她延伸出来的。 [个性]像是妈妈般的照顾大家，爱管闲事，让她成为大家的支柱。 在市区最炫餐厅担任厨师，不论工作和生活上，凡事都要求认真专心，井然有序——连床单的铺法角度，她都有一定的规矩。 最爱在自己家准备盛宴招待朋友，享受当女主人的感觉，不过她搞的派对太过严肃和正经，好象都没有人喜欢 喜欢控制别人，任何场合都不肯服输。 从小被哥哥罗斯的优异成绩給比了下去，在爸妈面前显得很不如哥哥；而且肥胖，担任家中垃圾筒的角色(消灭剩饭，好可怜！) 在爱情的沙场上她屡败屡战，交往过的男友非常之多，其中以一个叔叔辈的眼科医生与一个网络界的亿万富翁用情最深，后深深与钱德相恋并步入礼堂。 [怪癖]高中時是一个超级胖妹 有强烈洁癖 对女生來讲，运动神经非常的发达 渴望婚姻和小孩 烹饪技术高超 [职业]某餐厅小厨师 自由办桌 某餐厅二厨 大厨兼采购部主管(当天因“受贿”被撤消，冤枉啊) 4 钱德-宾(Chandler Bing)：马修-派瑞(Matthew Perry)扮演
老友记中英文本及笔记
The One Where Monica Gets a New Roommate (The Pilot) the pilot:美国电视剧新剧开播都会有一个试播来测试观众对新剧的接受程度，以此来决定是否再继续播下去，也可以说是一个开端，第一集试播 Written by: Marta Kauffman and David Crane Transcribed by: guineapig Additional transcribing by: Eric Aasen (Note: The previously unseen parts of this episode are shown in blue text.) 101 试播 瑞秋在教堂抛弃未婚夫巴利、逃婚到莫妮卡处。 莫妮卡和调酒师保罗约会，此君伪装成离婚后一蹶不振的苦命人，靠博取同情来骗女人上床。 罗斯婚姻失败，情绪低落。 乔伊安慰他说，女性的种类与冰激凌的品种一样多，离婚未尝不是好事。 大家一同看西班牙肥皂剧并信口瞎猜剧情。 罗斯自高中起即爱慕瑞秋，此刻死灰复燃，提议和她约会，瑞秋答应了 1.01 Pilot Rachel leaves Barry at the alter and moves in with Monica. Monica goes on a date with Paul the wine guy, who turns out to be less than sincere. Ross is depressed about his failed marriage. Joey compares women to ice cream. Everyone watches Spanish soaps. Ross reveals his high school crush on Rachel.[Scene: Central Perk, Chandler, Joey, Phoebe, and Monica are there.] Monica: There's nothing to tell! He's just some guy I work with! Joey: C'mon, you're going out with the guy! There's gotta be something wrong with him! go out with <俚>约会 Chandler: So does he have a hump? A hump and a hairpiece? hump n.驼背/hairpiece：false hair;wig n.假发/这是Chandler挖苦Paul的话，意思是：他有驼背么？有假发的秃子？ Phoebe: Wait, does he eat chalk? (They all stare, bemused.) bemused: puzzled adj.困惑的发呆的 Phoebe: Just 'cause I don't want her to go through what I went through with Carl- oh! Monica: Okay, everybody relax. This is not even a date. It's just two people going out to dinner and- not having sex. Chandler: Sounds like a date to me. [Time Lapse] lapse v.(时间)流逝 Chandler: Alright, so I'm back in high school, I'm standing in the middle of the cafeteria, and I realize I am totally…naked. naked adj.赤裸的 All: Oh, yeah. Had that dream. Chandler: Then I look down, and I realize there's a phone... there.
西方音乐史考试重点
西方音乐史考试重点 一、客观题（选择、填空、判断） 1、（德）贝多芬 九首交响曲——《第三、五（命运）、九（合唱）交响曲》英雄性、戏剧 性。《第一、四、八交响曲》生活风俗性和抒情性。《第七交响曲》群众 性、舞蹈性。《第二交响曲》综合性。《第六交响曲》（田园）自然与哲理 相结合。 第六交响曲和第九交响曲在形式上有所开拓，标题音乐。 32首钢琴套曲，《月光》、《悲怆》、《热情》、《暴风雨》。 歌剧《费德里奥》——拯救歌剧。 2、浪漫主义音乐的兴起： ①（德）韦伯——《魔弹射手》——使用“主导动机”。 ②（奥地利）舒伯特——歌曲之王。是西方历史上第一位“自由音乐家”。 声乐套曲《美丽的磨坊女》、《冬之旅》（自传式作品）——失意、哀伤。 艺术歌曲《野玫瑰》、《魔王》、《鳟鱼》等。《圣母颂》源自瓦尔克《湖上 夫人》中的《艾伦之歌》。 器乐作品《未完成交响曲》只有两个乐章。总的交响曲有9部。 3、浪漫主义音乐的繁荣： ①（德）门德尔松 48首“无词歌”——单乐章的钢琴小品，专为钢琴而创作。 音乐会序曲、标题性序曲（单乐章、带有标题的管弦乐序曲）有7首作品，代表的是《仲夏夜之梦》，其中有《婚礼进行曲》为其配乐。带有描绘性 标题的作品是《春之歌》、《猎歌》等。 他的《e小调小提琴协奏曲》是四大小提琴协奏曲之一，其独特之处在于主奏乐器在第三小节就奏出了乐器。 1843年在莱比锡建立第一所音乐学院。1847年指挥演奏了巴赫的《马太 受难曲》是史上第二次。 ②（德）舒曼——1840年-1841年是他主要创作时期——艺术歌曲之年。 声乐套曲《妇女的爱情与生活》、《诗人之意》。 钢琴套曲——有描绘性、篇幅小。《狂欢节》、《童年情景》（每个乐章都是独立的，尤其是第七首《梦幻曲》著名）。他还倡导“大卫同盟”理念。 ③（波兰）肖邦音乐创作特征： 主要创作的是钢琴独奏曲，以单乐章为主，而且古朴而忧伤，寂静而神秘。 在音乐中运用弹性节奏。使用波兰民族音乐、民间舞蹈素材，旋律宽广。 如玛祖卡、波兰舞曲、波罗奈兹舞曲，甚至将其运用到史诗性作品中。曲式结构大多不复杂，采用三部曲式。音乐中的装饰音和多连音、双音具有肖邦的个人风格。和声富于色彩性和浪漫色彩。 4、法国大歌剧：
老友记观后感英文
Reviews of《Friends》 谢银艳-87150312-食科三班This winter holiday, I have watched the extremely fantastic American teleplay 《Friends》,which is so popular to a high degree that it is one of the most welcome situation comedy in the world.The plot is closely developed with six main protagonists, Rachel, Ross, Monica, Joey, Phoebe and Chandler. Their friendship is the basis of the story, as well as the whole - length main thread, connecting all the drama story. As we all know, one resultful way for human beings to express their feelings is to enjoy the humor, which also becomes a important topic in pragmatic study that how the human system itthe purpose to promote audiences to understand and enjoy the humor. Surely it should be obvious to the spectators, that the conversations are always so funny as to make people cannot stop laughing. Chandler's acerb jokes, Monica's self-mockery, Phoebe' strange words, Joey' stupid utterance, and so on, that inevitably make us roll in the aisles. Not only the language humor, but also the action humor is the feature of this comedy. We are likely to see Phoebe' odd movements every day, Ross and Monica's exaggerated new year dance and Joey' clumsy and stupid behaviors in the drama. Factually, their inopportune talks and actions are actually the humor feature. No one can refuse the joy it brings. Except the humor ,we are also supposed to contemplate the emotion topic the play conveys. Indeed, just as we enjoy the humorous plot, it occurs to us their deep friendships in the same time. They satirize each other, they quarrel without a break, and their personalities are quiet different, but they can't lose anyone of them, as well as their friendships are more and more deep with time going by. Generally speaking, though the six protagonists make fun of their own life and other's drawbacks without hesitation, they put whole their hearts into the friendships between them. Based on their mutual trust and respect, finally, they get on well. And another thing I have learned from this play is the cultural differences between China and America. It is not the same between the two countries, when it comes to the view of family affection. One situation in the drama leaves me a pretty deep impression. When Ross' grandparent passed away, all the family members and friends participate the funeral. During the boring funeral, men watch the ball competition, while women talk happily, which makes me surprised,as it seems that they are not so sad. Afterwards, I understand that Americans do not have the same family hierarchy sense as Chinese. They treat other people including relatives and friends more equally. So when it refers to the view of friend affection, they are also more optional. They respect their friends' lifestyles and are unwilling to put their own opinions on them. Instead, individuals would like to consider more for friends and give tips to them in China. There are huge differences in American and Chinese culture. Above are my reviews on 《Friends》, I definitely think it is a nice play ,and I learned a lot from it.
西方音乐史重难点总结笔记
西方音乐的脉络： 古希腊罗马时期（公元前八世纪-公元四世纪）——中世纪音乐（公元五世纪-公元十四世纪）——文艺复兴时期（公元十五世纪-十七世纪）——巴洛克时期（十七-十八世纪中叶）——古典主义时期（十八世纪中叶-十九世纪初）——浪漫主义时期（十九世纪初-二十世纪初）——20世纪音乐（整个二十世纪） 西方音乐的晨光 从历史资料了解到，古希腊时期的音乐常以诗与乐、舞与乐或诗舞乐“三位一体”等综合 形式出现。在古希腊时期中认为，音乐的发明者与实践者是神与半神。例如：缪斯女神、阿 波罗等。（神话记载：缪斯女神是宙斯掌握艺术的九个女儿，每个人分别掌管音乐、史诗、 历史、抒情诗、悲剧等） 在古代，音乐被赋予了神的力量，认为能医治疾病，净化身体与心灵，在旧约中记载： 大卫弹竖琴医治扫罗的疾病。 古希腊的音乐不仅能从神话中找到，还从考古中发现：古希腊音乐活动主要存在于祭祀、 诗歌与悲剧中，且出现了最早的乐器和乐谱。 第一，在神的祭祀中总能看到音乐的存在。如：在古奥林匹克运动会中，人们为了表达 对居住在奥林匹克山上的天神宙斯的崇敬，便会举行祭祀仪式，并伴随载歌载舞的庆典仪式。还有在雅典卫城的帕特农神庙人们为了祭奠雅典娜女神而经常举行歌舞活动。其次，与与音 乐有着密切联系的题材—诗歌，当时的人以抒情诗表达对现实矛盾的情感。在抒情诗中有一 种题材叫琴歌，它是伴随音乐的歌曲类诗体，代表诗人有：萨福，一共创造了九卷诗集，并 创建了音乐学校，被柏拉图称为：“第十个缪斯”。 第二，在悲剧的表达过程中音乐有着非常重要的组成部分，悲剧以诗、乐、舞三位一体 的形式构成，是古希腊戏剧的重要题材。它的产生与祭祀祈福有关，后来才演变成戏剧表演 的形式，多取材于神话、英雄传说与史诗，往往通过剧中人物的悲惨遭遇里表达命运的冲突。（悲剧通常包括开场白、进场、戏剧场面、退场四个部分，其中音乐包括合唱、独唱，并由 阿夫洛斯管和基萨拉琴伴奏。三大悲剧家：埃斯库罗斯、索福克洛斯、欧里庇德斯）第三，在考古中发现西方最早的乐器：里拉——通常用在阿波罗神的祭祀仪式中。即我 们现在所说的乐徽。 阿夫洛斯管——在祭祀酒神狄俄倪索斯的仪式中常用， 音乐狂放而粗犷，是我们现在双簧管的前身。 第四，在考古中，我们在一块墓碑上发现古希腊音乐的乐谱刻有古希腊文字，内容是反 映对去世的人的眷恋 古希腊哲学家的音乐思想对音乐功能的探索 古希腊哲学家认为音乐具有教化功能，这一点在我国儒家思想也有类似的阐述。孔子曾说：“移风易俗莫善于乐，安上治民莫善于礼。”体现了我国古代对礼乐的重视，也说明了音乐在 当时的社会功能。