(完整word版)九年级过去完成时用法讲解
九年级过去完成时用法讲解
1、概述
过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before等构成的短语，也可用when, before 等引导的从句或通过上下代表示。
His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he had long expected. 当她终于收到她盼望已久的杂志时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself.12岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生。
2、构成
过去完成时由“助动词had+过去分词”构成。其否定式、肯定式、疑问式如下表：
肯定式had +PP 否定式had+not PP 疑问式Had...PP?
注意：had not 常简略为hadn't。
They asked me to have a drink with them and said it was at least ten years since I had enjoyed a good drink. 他们请我和他们一起喝酒，并说我自上次喝酒到现在至少十年了。
We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.到上个月末为止，我们已经学了30课。He said we hadn’t seen each other since I left Beijing.自从我离开北京，我们还没见过面。3、过去完成时的用法
过去完成时的主要用法和现在完成时一样。不同的是，过去完成时把时间推移到了过去某一时间之前，与现在无关。
（1）过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间状语有by, before等介词短语或when, before等引导的从句。
Helen had left her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband came home. 海伦把钥匙忘到办公室里了，因此她不得不等她丈夫回来。
When we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了。
He told me that he had visited the Great Wall before.他告诉我他以前参观过长城。
By the end of the match, they had kicked 2 goals, and we had kicked 4.比赛结束时，他们踢进了2个球而我们踢进了4个球。
When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.杰克到达后得知玛丽走了近一个小时了。
（2）表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。
The news came as no surprise to me. I had known for some time that the factory was going to shut down. 听到这个消息我并不感到吃惊。工厂要倒闭这件事我早就知道了。
By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.到我毕业时，他已经教那个班三年了。
He said he had made great progress since he came here.他说自从他来这里他已经取得了很大进步。
（3）用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句或as if从句中表示与过去事实相反
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你，他就会问你这件事了。
I should have called you if I had known your telephone number.假如我过去知道你的电话号码，
我就给你打电话了。
He described the scene as if he had been there.他描绘的景色如同他去过那里一样。
Had I known that you wanted the book, I would have sent it.如果我知道你要这本书，我会送来的。
（4）表示假设的宾语从句
放在像said，told，asked，thought，wondered等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作发生之前已经发生了的事情。
My friend told me that he had passed the exam.我的朋友告诉我，他已通过了考试。
He asked me whether I had seen the film the night before.他问我头一天晚上是否看过那部电影。
She wondered who had left the door open.她想知道谁敞着门的。
（5）用在"It was the first/second/third…time that…”句型中
在此句型中，主句用了一般过去时，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。
This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 这是39年里他们第一次见面。
It was the first time we had spoken together. 这是我们第一次在一起说话。
（6）intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可以表示一个本来打算做而没有做的事
这种结构也可以表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。
I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来昨天打算要去看你，但我来了个不速之客。
We had meant to tell her the news but found that she wasn’t in.我们本想把这个消息告诉她的，但发现她不在家。
（7）过去完成时常用结构有“hardly, scarcely, barely …when, no sooner…than等副词的句子里。
She hardly had gone to bed when the bell rang.他刚睡下铃就响了。
No sooner had they left the building than a bomb exploded.他们刚刚离开大楼，一颗炸弹就爆炸了。
（8）当before , after, as soon as 等引导的从句里的动作与主句的动作紧接时，由于这些连词本身已经说明了两个动作发生的先后关系，因此两个动作均可用一般过去时表示。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises.做完早操之后，我们吃早饭。
The train started to move just before we reached the station.我们到车站时火车刚开动。
As soon as they got there, they started to study.他们一到那里就开始学习了。
过去完成时练习
1.单项选择
1．He asked me __A___ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had been
B. where I had gone
C. where had I been
D. where had I gone
2. What _D___ Jane ____ by the time he was seven?
A. did, do
B. has,done C did, did. D. had,done
3. I ___C___ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learned
B. was learning
C. had learned
D. learnt
4. She ___A___lived here for ______ years.
A. had,a few
B. has,several
C. had,a lot of
D. has,a great deal of
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I __A___ the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
6. She said she __D________ the principle already
A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
7. She said her family __B_____ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A. has hidden, from
B. had hidden, from
C. has hidden, with
D. had hidden, with
8. By the time he was ten years old, he ___D______.
A.has completed university
B. has completed the university
B.had completed an university D. had completed university
9. She had written a number of books ___C___ the end of last year.
A. for
B. in
C. by
D. at
10. He __B___ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano
C. has learned, the piano
D. learns ,piano.
11. What __D_____ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?
A. did, do
B. did, did
C. has, done
D. had done
12 .He _C__ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A. has worked
B. works
C. had worked
D. will work
13. By the end of last week, they _D___ the bridge.
A. has completed
B. completed
C. will complete
D. had completed
14. Ben hates playing _D____ violin,but he likes playing ____ football.
A. a…the
B. the… the
C. / …the
D. the…/
15. By the time he was 4,he _A_____ a lot of German words.
A. had learned
B. has learned
C. learned
D. learns
16 .Jim turned off the lights and then __D___ the classroom.
A. was left
B. had left
C. has left
D. left
17.They ____C_____ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. lived
B. had lived
C. have lived
D. were living
18. The train from Beijing__C_____ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrived
B. was arriving
C. arrived
D. had arrived
19. The students ___B______ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned
20. Fergie__B_____ the project in one hour.
A. have finished
B. will finish
C. finishes
D. has finished
21. The man ___A_____ his coat and went out.
A. put on
B. had put on
C. will put on
D. was putting on
22 My mother_____ in that factory at the age of 18.
A. had worked
B. has worked
C. worked
D. works
23. Dad _C_______ while he _______ TV.
A .fell asleep…watch B. was falling asleep…watched
C. fell asleep……was watching
D. had fallen asleep…watched
2.用动词的适当形式填空
1. We ___had painted____ (paint) the house before we moved________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man __had made___ (make) a will before he died(die).
3. They __had studyed_ (study) the map of the country before they _left___ (leave).
4. The robbers _had run away____ (run away ) before the policemen arrived (arrive).
5. I __turned off_____ (turn off) all the lights before I __went___ (go) to bed.
6. Paul went (go) out with Jane after he _made _____ (make)a phone call.
7. Tom ___said__ (say) he had read_______ (read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ____failed_ (fail ) because we _had made______ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman ___finished_____ (finish) speaking, he ____left____ (leave)the hall.
10.The Reads were having (have) lunch when I ___got_____(get) to their house.
11.When I __arrived________(arrive) at the station, he ___had left_____(leave).
12..We _____had learned___(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
13. I waited until he __finished_____(finish) his homework.
14. We were surprised at what she _had____already __done____(do)
15.She _didn't go___(not go) to Qingdao because she ___had went____ (go) there before.
16. He __hasn't told (not tell) you the news yet.
17. He said he __had______already___given___(give) the book to the teacher.
18. I ____have been_____(be) to Shanghai before.
19. She told me she ___had been_______(be) to Sanya three times.
20.She __was playing________(play) the guitar while her sister__was singing______(sing). 3．句型转换
1．I had sold the ticket when she came.（改否定句）
I did not have sold the ticket when she came.
2.She had sung a song to us before she danced.（改否定句）
She didn't have sung a song to us before she danced.
3.They began to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.（否）They did not begin to climbed the mountain after they had bought all the food and drink.
4.By 10:00 a.m, I had been very hungry.（改一般疑问）
Had you been very hungry by 10:00 am?
5.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.（改一般疑问）
Had lucy already completed the project when I arrived.
6.By the time he got to the airport, the plane had taken off.（改一般疑问）
Had th eplane taken off by the time he got to the airport?
7..He had broken his arm when I saw him.（对划线部分提问）
How was he when you saw him?
8.When he had read the note, he ate it.（对划线部分提问）
What did he do when he had the note?
9..Jack didn’t go to the cinema because he had seen the film.（对划线部分提问）
Why did Jack not go to the cinema?
10.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child.（对划线部分提问）How long did you have had the toys before you gave them to the child?
11.She had written the book by the end of 1960.（对划线部分提问）
What had she written by the end of 1960?
12.We cooked the dumplings. We ate them up.（用过去完成时连接两句）
We ate the dumplings after we had cooked them.
13.Jim’s father mended the car. It was broken.（用过去完成时连接两句）
The car had broken before Jim's father manded it.
14.We had our tests. Then we had a long holiday.(用过去完成时连接两句)
After we ___had had hour teats________, we ___had a long holiday___________
15.He showed us a picture. Then he showed us around the house.用过去完成时连接两句) Before he ___had showed us around the house_______, he_______showed us a picture___________
1.When she was at the middle school,she often reads in the library.
2.When she got home,the children went to bed.
3.He said he didn't see his uncle for many years.
4.I didn't go to see the firm because I saw it before.
5.The wind was still blowing,but the rain has stopped.
6.By the end of last term we learned about 1,500 English words.
7.Lu Xun had spocken to the youth about the study of the foreign language.
8.Yang Mei learn some English before she came to this school.
参考答案：
read一般过去时
had gone to bed过去完成时，先于got home发生
hadn't seen主句为过去时的间接引语，从句倒退一个时态，故从现在完成时变成过去完成时had seen过去完成时，先于didn't go to see发生
had过去完成时，先于was still blowing发生
had learnt By＋过去的时间，用过去完成时
has spoken过去发生的事情对现在不造成影响
had learnt过去的过去，用过去完成时，先于came to this school
英语过去完成时练习全集及解析
英语过去完成时练习全集及解析 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．She said when she got to the cinema, the film ________ for 5 minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. had been on 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：她说当她到达电影院的时候，电影已经开始五分钟了。根据got 可知，电影开始五分钟属于在过去某时间前已经存在的状态，应该用过去完成时，所以排 除A和C。开始begin，电影已经开始了五分钟是存在的状态，要用延续性的动词，所以要 将瞬间动词begin改为be on，故选D。 【点评】此题考查动词的时态问题以及瞬间动词和延续性动词的区别。 2．Simon ________ the piano for ages when he gave his first concert. A. has played B. is playing C. had played D. will play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：西蒙举行第一次音乐会时，他已经弹了很多年钢琴了。根据时间 状语when he gave his first concert.可知此处用过去的时态，表示先弹钢琴弹了很多年，然 后开了音乐会，表示过去的过去，应该用过去完成时：had+动词的过去分词，故答案为C。 【点评】考查过去完成时。掌握过去完成时的意义（过去的过去）和构成：had+动词的过去分词。 3．By the time I finished my homework，my mother ． A. slept B. has been asleep C. was asleep D. had been asleep 【答案】 D 可知此处应为过去完成时，故选 D. 和“ finished” 【解析】【分析】由上文“By the time ” 【点评】考查过去完成时。 4．By the end of 2012, many buildings built in our city. A. have been B. have C. had been D. will 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：到2012年底，我们的城市里已经建成了很多大楼。Buildings是build这一动作的承受者，该用被动语态。而被动语态是由“be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。根据By the end of 2012可知该用过去完成时，所以选C。
九年级英语 过去完成时()
九年级英语过去完成时(外研版) 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．Seeing John rush into the room with tears in his eyes, I asked him what . A. would happen B. had happened C. happened D. was happened 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】所填写动作发生在asked以前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时，故选B。句意是：看到约翰眼里含着泪水冲进房间，我问他发生什么事了。 【点评】本题考查过去完成时的用法。 2．We are too tired. Please stop __________ a rest. A. to have B. having C. have D. has 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我们是在太累了，停下来休息一下吧。stop to have a rest.固定搭配故选A 【点评】注意时态一致， 3．Jake _____his key in the office so he had to wait until his wife _______ home. A. has forgotten … comes B. forgot… come C. had left… came D. had left…would come 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：杰克把他的钥匙丢在办公室了，因此他不得不等到他的妻子回家。结合语境可知前文描述的是过去某时前已经完成的动作，故用过去完成时态。下文指的是过去某时的动作，故用一般过去时态。选C。 【点评】英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断。解答此类题型，首先要注意句子中的时间状语，如果没有则要通过分析上下文，结合语境来判断句子的时态。 4．By the time they reached the bus stop, the bus__________ for ten minutes. A. had left B. have left C. had been away D. have been away 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:到他们到达公交车站的时候，公交车已经离开十分钟了。句中by the time 的意思是到...时候，后跟从句，从句使用的是一般过去时。根据句意可知，从句中
九年级英语现在完成时湘教版知识精讲
初三英语现在完成时湘教版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的基本概念：现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但与现在情况有关系即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况，现在完成时是现在时态。 2. 现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时由助动词have（has）+过去分词构成。规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式的变化一样，在动词词尾加-ed，不规则变化的过去分词见书后不规则动词表，现以动词work 为例，将现在完成时的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句以及简略答语列表如下： 肯定句否定句 You/I have worked. You/I have not worked. He/She/It has worked. He/She/It has not worked. We/You/They have worked. We/You/They have not worked. 一般疑问句简略答语Have you/I worked? Yes, you/I have. No, you/I haven’t. Has he/she/it worked? Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn’t. Have we/you/they worked? Yes, you/we/they have. No, you/we/they have not. 注意：①助动词have、has可与前面的主语缩略为’ve或’s。 如：We’ve, they’ve, he’s, it’s。 ②have not常缩略为haven’t，has not常略为hasn’t。 3. 现在完成时的用法： ①表示过去发生或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与下列时间状语连用already, never, ever, yet, just, before等。 如：我们在这儿建立了很多新工厂。 We have set up many new factories here. （现在这儿已有很多新工厂。） —你吃晚饭了吗？ Have you had your supper yet? —是的，我刚吃过。 Yes, I have. I’ve just had it.（现在不饿了。） —你跟外国人说过话吗？ Have you ever spoken to a foreigner? —不，从没说过。 —No, never. 注意：already多用于肯定陈述句，但有时也可用于疑问句中，表示疑惑、出乎意料或惊讶。如： 两周前那个锅生了一个小锅，你已经忘记了？ Two weeks ago, the pan had a baby. Have you forgotten already?
现在完成时的用法讲解1
现在完成时的讲解 对所学时态的回顾，引入现在完成时 通过数轴来概括讲解所学的四个时态：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时。 （导入）有时候，这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如：表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”，以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时，我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。同样也用数轴来表示一下。 taught will teech -------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- ? —过去时now 垠时 is teaching fit在发生） -------- ---------- -------- --------- ---------- ? DOW 枉进行时 past two years （has taught） ------ --------------------------------------------- Two years ago 现在完成时now 一现在完成时的构成：主语+ have/has +过去分词 （过去分词：规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同；不规则动词需要特殊记忆。 eg」_ have taught English in this school since 1999. 二、否定式：主语+ haven' t/hasn' t +过去分词。 疑问式：Have /Has +主语+过去分词？ 简略答语：Yes,主语+ have/has.肯定） No,主语+ haven' t/hasn' t.（否定） —Have you finished your work? —Yes,l have. 三现在完成时的含义之一表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 常与already/yet，just，never/ever, before, so far等连用。这些标志词可以表达这种含义 1.already意为“已经”，通常用于肯定句中，可放在助动词之后，过去分词之前，也可以放在句末。实例： 1）rve already read this book.我已经读过这本书了。 （“读”这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。） 2）rve washed my clothes already 我已经洗了衣服。 （洗衣服的动作已完成，其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。）
过去完成时用法详解
过去完成时用法小结 一、过去完成时适用场合 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经完成了的动作。这个过去的时间常用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句表示，也可以暗含在上下文中。 I had finished my homework before supper.我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。 The play had already started when we got to the theatre. 我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。 By the end of June they had treated over 10,000 patients. 到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。 2. 过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for，since等词连用。如： He had served in the army for ten years before he retired last year. 他在部队干了十年，去年退役了。 He told me that he had known her since he was a child. 他告诉我他从小就认识她。 He had learned English for eight years before he went to England for further study. 他在去英国深造前，已学了八年英语。 3. 在一段情景连贯的文字中，先发生的事放在后面叙述时，要用过去完成时。如： Tom flew home, but his father had already died. 汤姆乘飞机回家，他的父亲却已经去世了。 4. 过去完成时也用于hardly...when...（刚…就…）, no sooner...than... （刚…就…）, It was the first time + that分句等一些固定句型中。
过去完成时讲解练习
过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词+其他） 基本用法 。 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since 构成的时间状语连用。 例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. ~ 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed.
九年级英语 现在完成时(外研版)
九年级英语现在完成时(外研版) 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．A number of tourists _____ Yangzhou many times because such a beautiful city. A. have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：很多游客多次去过扬州，因为它是如此美丽的一个城市。have been to，表示去过某个地方，have gone to，表示去了某地，还没回来。many times是很多次，游客们应该是去过很多次，用have/has been to+地点，由于主语是复数，助动词用have，故选A。 【点评】考查现在完成时，注意have been to表示去过回来了，have gone to表示去了还没回来。 2．All the skirts .They very well. A. sold out;are sold B. sell out;have sold C. have been sold out;sell D. have sold out;sell 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：所有的裙子都卖完了，他们非常畅销。第一空sell out“卖完”，强调裙子已经被卖完的状态，本句用现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+been+过去分词，sell 的过去分词为sold；第二空sell作“销售”解释时用主动语态，在此处表一直卖得很好的状态，用一般现在时。故选C。 【点评】本题考查一般现在时和现在完成时的被动语态，注意sell的不同语态和用法。 3．—How many letters you to your mother? —109 in all, since 2016. A. has, written B. have, written C. did, write D. are, writing 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——你给你妈写了多少封信？——从2016年起，总共109封。句中since 2016是现在完成时态常用的时间状语，其结构是主语+have/has+动词过去分词，且主语是you，则应填写have written，故答案选B。 【点评】考查动词的时态。注意现在完成时的用法。 4．—Where is Catherine? I haven't seen her for days. —She Wuhan. She'll be back next week. A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——Catherine在哪里？我好几天没见她。——她已经去武汉了。她将下周回来。主语是she，所以用has，排除C、D。A.已经去了某地，在去的路上，还没有回来；B.已经去过某地，表示去了某地，并且回来了。根据She'll be back next week.她下周回来可知现在还没有回来，故选A。
现在完成时的用法解析
Lead in 一般过去时导入：一般过去时的概念 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I lost my pen.(过去时) I have lost my pen.（现在完成时） 过去时一般表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态。“我把笔丢了”，说话人只是想告诉对方在过去的某一个时间里他的笔丢了，仅此而已。（仅仅是在陈诉过去的一个事实，与现在没有关系） New lesson 一．现在完成时的构成： 助动词have/has(not) +动词过去分词 She has turned on the lights. 肯定式：have/ has+过去分词 否定式：haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词 疑问式：把have/has 提到主语前面 肯定回答：Yes,…have/has 否定回答：No,…..haven’t/hasn’t 二．用法 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. 例如:She has gone. 她走了. She went in the past.(She is not here
now.) I have just cleaned my hands. 我刚洗过手。（“洗手”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“手干净了”） I have closed the door. (The door is close now.) She has turned on the lights. (The lights are on now.) He has written his name on the blackboard. (The name is on the blackboard now.) Mother has cooked the dinner. (We can have dinner now.) You have seen the film. （You know what the film is about.) We have cleaned the classroom. (The classroom is clean now.) 2. 表示动作发生在过去，并且一直延续到现在，甚至还可能继续延续下去。这时常和since所引导的短语或从句或for引导的短语连用(for有时可以省去)。以及so far, by now, these days, in the last/past … years/days…等连用。 I have lived here for over ten years. （表示他现在还在这里居住，并且还有可能继续住下去）比较：I lived here ten years ago.(仅仅说明了他十年前在这里记住过的事实,不代表现在他还住在这里) He has studied here since 2006. 都用How long 提问，例： We have learned English for three years. We have learned English since three years ago.
过去完成时讲解
过去完成时 一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。 ----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那时以前那时现在 构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。 如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。 如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。 如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left.
九年级英语过去完成时专项练习
九年级英语过去完成时专项练习 一、初中英语过去完成时 1．By the end of last month, we ______already ______ our lessons. A. has, finished B. have, finished C. had, finished D. will, finish 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】题意：到上个月末为止，我们已经结束了课程。根据句意，应选C。 【点评】注意时间状语，很容易选出。 2．We are too tired. Please stop __________ a rest. A. to have B. having C. have D. has 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：我们是在太累了，停下来休息一下吧。stop to have a rest.固定搭配故选A 【点评】注意时态一致， 3．By the end of last month, Jane _____ enough money for the poor sick boy. A. raised B. would raise C. had raised D. has raised 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：在上个月末，珍已经为贫穷的生病的孩子筹集到了足够的钱。根据By the end of last month，可知句子的时态为过去完成时，C是过去完成时结构，故答案是C。 【点评】考查过去完成时，注意过去完成的时的判定方法。 4．When I ______ the cinema, the film _______for ten minutes A. got to; has begun B. arrived at; has been on C. reached; had begun D. hurried to; had been on 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】这题考查时态，第一空几个选项都可以，第二空指“我到电影院之前电影已经开始5分钟了”，用过去完成时，又因为begin是短暂动词，不能和一段时间连用，所以选D。 【点评】要注意完成时态中的延续性动词的转换。 5．Yesterday when I _______ to the station, the train ______ already. A. got, had left B. got, has left C. had got, left D. got, left
九年级英语 动词的时态专项讲解及练习
九年级英语动词的时态专项讲解及练习 一、初中英语动词的时态 1．This medicine _______ millions of people’s lives since it was put into use. A．is saving B．will save C．has saved D．had saved 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：这种药物自从投入使用以来已经挽救了数百万人的生命。since后跟从句，表示“自……以来”，说明的是现在的状况,判断用现在完成时态，故答案为C。 2．The girl is amazed at the beauty of Wuxi. She said she ____________ here for another two weeks. A．stayed B．has stayed C．would stay D．had stayed 【答案】C 【解析】句意：女孩对无锡的美景感到惊讶。她说她将在这里再呆两个星期。此句考查宾语从句的时态，当主句是一般过去时的时候（客观真理除外），从句要用过去时态的某种形式，排除B；根据“for another two weeks.”再呆两个星期的时间，属于将来的时间，因为主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去将来时来表达，答案为C。 点睛：含有宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应包括以下三点内容： 1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。 2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。 3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。 3．I don’t know if it _________ tomorrow. If it _____________, we will do some cleaning at home. A．snows; will snow B．will snow; snows C．will snow; will snow D．snows; snows 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我不知道明天是否会下雪。如果下雪,我们就在家做清洁工作。考查动词时态辨析。前句if意思是“是否”，引导宾语从句，tomorrow（明天）用于一般将来时，从句动词需用“will +原形动词”结构，可排除AD两项；后句if意思是“如果”，引导条件状语从句，时态遵循主将从现原则，可排除C项。根据句意结构和语境，可知选B。 4．I _______ a picnic with my brother last Sunday. It was great. A．have B．had
过去完成时讲解及练习带答案
定义 过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 否定回答：No,主语+had not . ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 （1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 例如：By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 （2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。 例如：I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如：Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 （4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost. 她丢失的钥匙找到了。 （5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 （6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的
初中过去完成时讲解
过去完成时用法讲解 一、概念：表示过去的过去，其构成是had +过去分词。 二、用法： 1. 表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。例如: He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. (昨夜十点钟之前他已上床去睡了。) 2. 与一般过去时搭配，表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。例如： The train had started when I got to the station. (当我到达车站时火车已开走了。) # The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus, I knew it was she, for I had seen her before. (我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她，因为我以前看见过她。) 解说：使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时，该过去的时刻常以“by +过去时间”的短语来表达。例如下面的说法是不正确的： He had gone to bed at 10:00 last night. 若是要说“at 10:00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went to bed...”。请再观察下面的句子试比较：It had rained yesterday. (误) It rained yesterday.(正) 或许你会说：“昨天下了雨，可是今天已放晴了，下雨已是过去的事，而且已经下完了，所以就用过去完成时……。”这就是最令同学们对一般过去时和过去完成时感到混淆和困惑的。实际上只要我们了解下面的两点原则就可以消除这种现象。 1. 由过去的时间作状语来修饰动词的句子都使用一般过去时。 ; 2. 除非从谈话的先后关系和上下文关系对过去的动作完成的基准点可以确定以外，应该避免在简单句中使用过去完成时。 三、过去完成时常用的连词有：before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as等。例如： He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 四、在什么情况下使用过去完成时 1. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。例如： She said (that) she had never been to Paris. … 2. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 3. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 典型例题： The students ________ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ____ in the office. A. had written, left ， B. were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D。“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生
新人教版九年级英语过去完成时整理及习题
过去完成时态 过去完成时的用法： 1、表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成，即发生在"过去的过去"，这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或者一个时间状语从句来表示。如： When I woke up,it had stopped raining. When Mr Li got to the classroom, all the students had begun reading. By the time they arrived, the bus had left. 2、表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去的时间。常用表延续的时间状语如by the end of+过去的时间点，by the time+从句等。如: By the end of last year,she had worked in the factory for twenty years. 过去完成时态的构成： 肯定式：had + 动词的过去分词 否定式：hadn't + 动词的过去分词 疑问式：Had … + 动词的过去分词 简略回答: Yes, 主+ had. No, 主+ hadn’t 练一练： 1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing. A. studied, had gone B. had studied, went C. has studied, goes D. had studied, had gone 1. We __________out by that time that he_________ a thief for a longtime. A. had found, had been B. had found, was C. found, had been D. found, was 2. It so happened that they________ the novel before. A. had read B. would read C. were reading D. read 3．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 4. What ___ Jane ____ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 5. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 6. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 7. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A. has completed university B. has completed the university
人教版中考英语九年级英语 现在完成时专项讲解及练习
人教版中考英语九年级英语现在完成时专项讲解及练习 一、初中英语现在完成时 1．Jackson school two years ago and he for two years. A. leaves; has gone B. left; has been away C. leaves; has been away D. left; has gone 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：Jackson两年前离开学校，他离开已经两年了。根据“two years ago”可知，第一空应用一般过去时；根据“for two years”可知，第二空应用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词，故选B。 【点评】考查动词的时态。 2．—Where is your father? — . A. He has been to Shanghai B. He has been in Shanghai C. He has gone to Shanghai D. He have been to Shanghai 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：－你的父亲在哪儿？－他去上海了。Have been to去过某地（已回）；have been in在……；have gone to去了某地（未回）。本题中父亲是人们在找的人，所以是去了某地，还没回来，用have gone to。主语he是三人称单数，用has gone to。故选C。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时。以及Have been to；have been in；have gone to三个短语的词义和用法。 3．My parents for twenty years by the time I was 15. A. married B. had married C. had been married D. had got married 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】for twenty years“二十年”．为表一段时间的状语，要求谓语动词具有持续性。而在所给选项中，只有be married表示结婚状态，具有延续性，故选C。 【点评】本题考查非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换。 4．—Where is your mother? —She ______ Australia and she ______ Sydney for two weeks. A. has been to; has been in B. has been to; has been to C. has gone to; has been in D. has gone to; has been to 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你的妈妈在哪里？——她去了澳大利亚，她在悉尼呆了两周
九年级英语过去完成时教案
2010年中考英语时态复习系列（七）过去完成时过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作发生的时间是"过去的过去"。它是一个相对的时态,只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到. E.g. By the end of the match, they had kicked two goals. We had already had lunch before we arrived there. 其结构是"had+过去分词". 它的否定句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。 E.g. I had reached the station before 9:00 o'clock. I had not reached the station before 9:00 o'clock. Had you reached the station before 9:00 o'clock? 它通常和before, by the end of 等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用. 另外, 复合句的主句为一般过去时, 宾语从句表达过去发生的动作时,从句也要用过去完成时. E.g. He said he had never seen such an exciting match before. 做题时常见错误如下： 一、had形式易写错 例：He hads (have) gone home when I got to his office. 答案：had 解析：have/has 的过去式都为had, had 在过去完成时中也是助动词, 不能再有单三人称的变化. 二、易与现在完成时弄混 例：He asked what I have (have) said. 答案：had 解析：现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果．而过去完成时强调对过去的影响或结果．三、易与一般过去时弄混 例：She lived (live) in New York for eight years before he came to China. 答案：had lived 解析：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。而过去完成时主要体现过去发生的两动作先后有别，即比过去发生的某动作还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的是过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。