考研英语二模拟试题及答案

2018考研英语二模拟试题及答案（一）

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1 __ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2__a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3 __ the marriage negotiations, or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5 __ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family.

The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, __7__ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, __9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and __10__ a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__ . Newlyseds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may __12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby.

Divorce is legal and easy to __14__ ,but not common. Divoreced persons are __15__with some disapproval. Each spouse retains __16__ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__ up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__ the woman must wait ten months.

1. [A] by way of [B] on behalf of [C] as well as [D] with regard to

[标准答案] [C] as well as

[考点分析] 逻辑关系

[选项分析] 因为考查逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：空格处身处大环境not only…but also之中，这是一个明显的并列关系，表示“不仅……而且……”，该空后面的those指代前文出现的“parents and friends”，显然“the young man”与“the young woman”为并列关系，表示“与他本人以及伴侣的父母朋友相关”，所以答案只能是[C]项as well as 也，又。[A]项by way of 通过，[D]项with regard to 关于，[B]项on behalf of 代表。

2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C] compete with [D] decide on

[标准答案] [D] decide on

[考点分析] 上下文语义

[选项分析] 根据该句的主语a young man与宾语a likely spouse的关系，答案只能是[D]项decide on“决定”，表示自己决定自己的配偶。[B]项provide for为……提供准备……，

provide为及物动词，直接跟宾语，不需要加介词；[C]项compete with“与……竞争”，[A]项adapt to“适用”。

3. [A] close [B] remew [C] arrange [D] postpone

[标准答案] [C] arrange

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] 该句意思为：他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母_____婚姻谈判。四个选项中，[A]项close 关闭；[B]项renew 更新，恢复；[D]项postpone 推迟；这三项语义不正确，只有[C]项arrange“安排”符合语境。

4. [A] Above all [B] In theory [C] In time [D] For example

[标准答案] [B] In theory

[考点分析] 上下文语义

[选项分析] 逻辑判断题主要是看前后两句的含义，前面说“他可以自己选择自己中意的伴侣并让父母安排婚姻谈判，或者完全由父母选择对象，不给孩子选择的机会。”空格后面说“女方可以否决她父母所选择的对象。”这两句之间显然是相反的关系，且有一个may，更证明[B]项In theory“理论上说”的正确性，而其他选项[A]项Above all最重要的是，[C]项In time 准时，[D]项For example举例，均不符合题意。

5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless

[标准答案] [C] After

[考点分析] 上下文语义

[选项分析] 根据下文“______a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other…”可知，只有对象选择好后，父母才会去调查对方，显然表达的是时间先后顺序，所以只有after才对。其他选项[A]项Although 尽管，[B]项Lest 以免，唯恐，[D]Unless 除非，否则都不符合题意。

6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through

[标准答案] [A] into

[考点分析] 上下文语义及介词辨析

[选项分析] 这里主要是看marry与相关介词的固定搭配及句意理解。这里marry into就是指“通过婚姻得到[成为]……的一员”，而其他选项均没有这层含义。

7. [A] since [B] or [C] but [D] so

[标准答案] [C] but

[考点分析] 逻辑关系

[选项分析] 根据上文“以前婚礼会持续三天”，出处句子意为“到了20世纪80年代，婚礼只持续一天半”，显然与前文发生转变，为对比关系，因此选择[C]项but 但是。

8. [A] copy [B] test [C] recite [D] create

[标准答案] [C] recite

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] 空格处需要填一个动词，和后面的prayers of blessing所搭配，[C]项recite 有“吟诵、朗诵”的意思，与所给短语搭配最为合理，译为“吟诵祝福的祈祷文”。

9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying

[标准答案] [D] tying

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] 本题需要根据上下文语义分析，空格处需要搭配后文“棉线”，纵观四个选项[A]项折叠，[B]项堆积，[C]项包裹，[D]项系上，根据后文的“around the bride’s and groom’s wrists 在新郎和新娘的腰间”，只有[D]项“将在圣水中浸过的棉线系在新郎和新娘的腰间”符合句意。

10. [A] passing [B] lighting [C] hiding [D] serving

[标准答案] [A] passing

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] 原文空格需要填写一个动词与后文“around a circle”来搭配，译为“将蜡烛传一圈”，故[A]项“传递”为正确选项。[B]项点亮，[C]项隐藏，[D]项服务。

11. [A] meeting [B] collection [C] association [D] union

[标准答案] [D] union

[考点分析] 名词辨析

[选项分析] 本句语义为“将蜡烛绕着幸福完婚和受人尊敬的夫妻传递一圈来祝福”，[D]项结合，引申为“婚姻”之意；根据语境，[D]项正确。

12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D] live

[标准答案] [D] live

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] 本题比较简单。根据语义“根据传统，新婚夫妇要搬到妻子父母家，与父母____一年”，[D]项“生活”为最佳答案。[C]项交易，[B]项分开，[A]项成长。

13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] if [D] for

[标准答案] [B] until

[考点分析] 时间逻辑关系

[选项分析] 本句意为“_____他们在附近建造一栋新房子”，[A]项然而，[B]项直到，[D]项因为，[C]项如果，结合前文“新婚夫妇根据传统要和女方家人生活一年”，前后存在一定的时间关系，[B]项“直到”最符合原文语境，搭配最为合理。

14. [A] avoid [B] follow [C] challenge [D] obtain

[标准答案] [D] obtain

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] Divorce is legal and relatively easy to __14__, but not common. 该句句意为“离婚是合法的，且相对容易____。”[A]项avoid避免，[B]项follow跟随，[C]项challenge挑战，质疑，[D]项obtain获得，实现。根据关键词“legal”可知这里表达的是正面的意思，再根据句意选择[D]项。

15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed

[标准答案] [C] viewed

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词辨析

[选项分析] Divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. 离婚的人一些不认可。本段第一句提到“离婚是合法的且相对容易得到批准，但是不常见。”这句其实是在说明离婚并不常见的原因，[A]项isolated孤立，[B]项persuaded劝说，[C]项viewed看待，[D]项exposed 接触，受到……的影响，[C]项最符合句意。

16. [A] whereever [B] whatever [C] whenever [D] however

[标准答案] [B] whatever

[考点分析] 关系代词辨析

[选项分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage. 17小题四个选项都是动词，所以该句意思为：夫妇双方保有财产，这个财产是他或她进婚姻的。结合[A]项whereever“无论何地；任何（地方）=any place where(定从)”；[B]项whatever “无论什么；任何（东西）=anything that/any+N that”；[C]项whenever无论何时；任何时间=any time when；[D]项however无论如何；无论多么。根据语义，这里应该不是让步的关系，而且填的这个词还要能修饰property。因此，选择[B]项，等于retains any property that he or she……。

17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed

[标准答案] [B] brought

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析

[选项分析] Each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage，结合[A]项changed“改变”，[B]项brought “带来”，[C]项shaped“形成”，[D]项pushed“推，逼迫”。结合语境只有[B]项符合句意，意为“把财产带入婚姻”。

18. [A] invested [B] divided [C] donated [D] withdrawn

[标准答案] [B] divided

[考点分析] 上下文语义及动词义辨析

[选项分析] ...and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. 结合[A]项invested投资；[B]

项divided分配；分开；[C]项donated 捐赠；[D]项withdrawn撤出，提取。根据语义应该是共同财产被（夫妻双方）平分，因此选择[B]项。

19. [A] warms [B] clears [C] shows [D] breaks

[标准答案] [C] shows

[考点分析] 动词固定搭配

[选项分析] Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. 该句语义为离过婚的人或许会再婚，但是性别偏见。[A]项warm up加热，热身；[B]项clear up（天气）变晴，收拾，消除；[C]项show up显现；[D]项break up分裂，分开；根据句意，选择[C]项。

20. [A] while [B] so that [C] once [D] in that

[标准答案] [A] while

[选项分析] 上下文语义

[考点分析] 本句句意为：离婚的男性再婚不需要等待期，女性必须等十个月。显然前后两句存在转折关系，只有[A]项while“然而”能够表达这个意思。

Section ⅡReading Comprehension

Part A

Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text 1

France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.

The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.

Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep —and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000

fine and six months in prison.

The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.

Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.

[B] New runways would be constructed.

[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.

[D] The fashion industry would decline.

【答案】[A] Physical beauty would be redefined

【解析】推断题。根据France定位到文章前两段，第一段讲法国决定时装业失去了定义（define）形体美（physical beauty）的绝对权力。法国的立法者通过了一项法律，雇用超瘦的模特属于犯罪，议会也禁止网站通过推崇极端节食“鼓动过度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. 他们建议美丽不应该以伤害身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”由此可知，法国通过立法手段来改变法国时装业模特超瘦的现状，即[A]项的“形体美将会被重新定义”，是对原文内容的合理推断。[B]项“将会建造新的舞台”，[C]项“有关节食的网站将会兴起”，[D]项“时装业将会衰退”，均不能从文中推测出来，属于“无中生有”。

22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2, Para 2) is closest in meaning to____

[A] heightening the value of.

[B] indicating the state of.

[C] losing faith in.

[D] doing harm to.

【答案】[D] doing harm to

【解析】猜词题。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. 他们建议美丽不应该以身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”impinging on后面的宾语为“health”，即对健康的某种影响。根据第二段第三句“对超瘦模特的禁令似乎不仅仅是在防止模特挨饿致死——正如曾有人这么做过的”，可见法国目前的对美丽的定义导致了有人为了保持身材，挨饿致死，因此推测出这一短语在这里的意

思为“侵犯，伤害”，[D]项“对……有害”正确。[A]项“增强了……的价值”，[B]项“反映了……的状态”，[C]项“对……失去信心”均不符合句意。

23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

[A] The French measures have already failed.

[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.

[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.

[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.

【答案】[B] New Standards are being set in Denmark

【解析】细节题。根据第五段第二句话“In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion... 在丹麦，它正尝试为模特设定自愿的标准……”，可知[B]项“在丹麦新的标准正在被设定”是对原文的同义替换。[A]项“法国的措施失败了”；[C]项“不再有来自同行执法的压力”，文章第五段第二句后半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，属于“正反混淆”；[D]项“它固有的问题变得更严重了”，文中第五段只提及时装业有固有的问题，并未提及“变得更严重”，属于“无中生有”。

24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____

[A] setting a high age threshold for models.

[B] caring too much about models’character.

[C] showing little concern for health factors.

[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.

【答案】[C] showing little concern for health factors

【解析】推断题。题设为“一个设计师很可能因为什么原因被CFW拒绝”，根据关键词CFW可回到文中定位至倒数第二段，该段提到丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄、健康及其他特性的内容达成一致意见，且一项新法案也明确规定，他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响，并且应该对此承担责任，这一法规的执行方式就是拒绝一些设计师和模特经纪机构参加哥本哈根时装周（CFW）。因此[C]项的“不关心健康因素”符合题意，为正确答案。[D]项“追求完美的身体状况”，[B]项的“过多关注模特的性格”，[A]项“设定了一个模特高龄门槛”，均不符合题意。

25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

【答案】[D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

【解析】主旨题。本文从首段就开始阐述法国通过立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，时装业已经失去了定义女性身体之美的绝对权力，且议会也禁止网站通过宣传过度节食来强调过度消瘦。第二段继续说明美丽不能只看外表，更不能以牺牲健康为代价，时装业应该为传递给女性的不良信息负责。第三段说明女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。第四段讲法国的措施更多的是依靠严厉的惩罚。最后三段提到了丹麦与法国截然不同的措施。纵观全文，文章主要

在讲各个国家对解决目前模特超瘦的现状的措施，因此[D]项的“对时装业身体典范的挑战”是对原文的“高度概括”。

Text 2

Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.

The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.

They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone-- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of "cloud computing," meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.

But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.

26. The Supreme Court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to

[A] search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant.

[B] check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.

[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.

[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.

27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one of

[A] tolerance.

[B] indifference.

[C] disapproval.

[D] cautiousness.

28. The author believes that exploring one's phone content is comparable to

[A] getting into one's residence.

[B] handing one's historical records.

[C] scanning one's correspondences.

[D] going through one's wallet.

29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that

[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.

[B] the court is giving police less room for action.

[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.

[D] citizens' privacy is not effective protected.

Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate that

(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.

(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.

(C)California's argument violates principles of the Constitution.

(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.

T2

26 答案B check suspects' phone contents without being authorized

解析：细节题。根据自然段定位原则，定位到首段。根据题干关键词supreme court，whether精确定位到第一段最后一句whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone….，与选项进行对应，即为B在不授权的情况下检查嫌疑人的电话信息。注意A选项应是search contents。

27 答案 C disapproval

解析：态度题。根据题干California's argument定位到第二段最后一句及第三段首句，这些句子中提到hard…recklessly modest…等负向词，表达的是负面态度。看选项属于负面的就是disapproval。A 容忍，B冷漠是典型错误，D粗心。

28 答案A getting into one's residence

解析：细节题。题干问：作者认为搜索电话薄就相当于什么？根据段落界定原则定位到第四段转折处，提到But exploring one's smart phone is more like entering his or her home.与选项对应，A中的residence对应home，是原文的同意替换。注意D选项不是作者的观点，不能将文中人物观点当作作者观点。

29 答案D citizens' privacy is not effective protected

解析：细节题。根据题干定位到5段和6段，题干问作者最关注的是什么，即是相应段落的段落中心。因此，该题表面是细节题，实质为段落核心。5段首句为中心句提到，应采取措施保护数据隐私；6段又继续陈述原则的不恰当之处。根据这些内容，对应答案D 市民隐私未能得到有效保护。

30 答案 B New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution

解析：例证题。题干问的是引用Orin Kerr的目的是什么，即Orin Kerr是论据，其目的是论点。论点往往在论据的前面，所以要找例子前面的一句话，即New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections.与选项对应，就是B new technology是原词复现，require等同于demands，reinterpretation of the Constitution同义替换applications of the Constitution's protections。

Text 3

“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,”wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.

The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in

three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.

Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.

The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,”says one researcher.

Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.

31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with

[A] tolerance

[B] skepticism

[C] uncertainty

[D] approval

【答案】[B]

【解析】观点态度题。题干问的是作者对有关CSR方面Milton Friedman的说法是什么态度。根据信号词Milton Friedman这个人定位到首段。注意题干问的是作者的看法，因此定位到第二句but转折处。But后句子的主干为：things may not be absolutely clear-cut，可见作者对Milton Friedman所说的内容并不完全赞同，故选择答案[B]项怀疑。[A]项容忍，[C]项不确定，[D]项赞同，这三项均不是作者的态度，故排除。

32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by

[A] winning trust from consumers.

[B] guarding it against malpractices.

[C] protecting it from being defamed.

[D] raising the quality of its products.

【答案】[A]

【解析】细节题。根据题干中的出处提示“Paragraph 2”定位到第二段第二句：This could add value to their businesses in three ways. This指的是CSR，根据接下来讲到的三点：第一点是，消费者认为这样的公司产品质量比较高；第二点是，顾客更愿意购买这样公司的产品；第三点是，通过一个更为广泛的“晕轮效应”，消费者会更多地考虑这样的公司的产品。可知，有CSR支出的公司会吸引更多的消费者，[A]项“赢得消费者的信任”，是对整个三点的总结，故为正确答案。[B]项防止公司里的玩忽职守，[C]项保护公司免受毁谤，[D]项提升公司产品的质量，均在原文中未提及，故排除。

33. The expression “more lenient’(Line 2, Para. 4) is closest in meaning to

[A] more effective

[B] less controversial

[C] less severe

[D] more lasting

【答案】[C]

【解析】猜词题。根据题干中的出处提示“line 2, para. 4”及信号词“more lenient”定位到原文中的第四段第一句：The study found that...penalties。明显此句中more lenient 修饰penalties(惩罚) ，要想推测出more lenient的含义，需要知道被起诉的公司中，那些有着全面的CSR项目的公司和penalties 之间的联系。本项在第五段的最后一句最容易被看出来，第五段最后一句提到那些在CSR有较大投资的公司，当被起诉有贿赂行为时，所受到的罚金要比通常的罚金低40%左右，可知这样的公司会受到较轻的惩罚，故more lenient是较轻，即较不严重的意思，故选[C]项。[A]项更有效的，[B]项较少有争议的，[D]项更持久的，这三项均不是more lenient的意思，故排除。

34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record

[A] has an impact on their decision.

[B] comes across as reliable evidence.

[C] increases the chance of being penalized.

[D] constitutes part of the investigation.

【答案】[A]

【解析】细节题。题干问的是CSR record 与prosecutors evaluate a case 的关系，根据题干中的信号词prosecutors evaluate a case可回文中定位到第五段第一句：In all...in CSR。这里的be influenced与[A]项has an impact 对应，即一个公司的CSR会影响检察官对其案件的评估，故选[A]项。[B]项被检察官认为是可靠的证据，[C]项增加了被惩罚的机会，[D]项构成了调查的一部分，这三项均在原文中没有提及，故排除。

35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?

[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.

[B] The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.

[C] Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.

[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.

【答案】[B]

【解析】判断题题干问的是根据最后一段，有关CSR的论述哪个是对的。定位到原文最后一段，根据其内容可知“研究人员承认到其研究没有回答如下问题：公司应该在CSR方面花费多少钱”。[B]项的意思是“公司在CSR方面的花费是未知的”，属于原文的同义替换，故正确。[A]项CSR对公司的负面影响经常被忽视，[C]项公司对CSR的经济承担力被过高估计了，[D]项CSR给银行业带来了很多好处，这三项在文中均为提及，故排除。

Text 4

Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch's daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the "unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions". Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism" in society should be profit and the market. But "it's us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit".

Driving her point home, she continued: "It's increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom." This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.

As the hacking trial concludes-finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge-the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This saga still unfolds.

In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defense was that she knew nothing.

In today's world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.

The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions-nor received traceable, recorded answers.

36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by

(A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.

(B) companies' financial loss due to immoral practices

(C) governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.

(D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.

37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that

(A) Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.

(B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.

(C) Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.

(D) phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.

38. The author believes that Rebekah Brooks's defense

(A) revealed a cunning personality.

(B) centered on trivial issues.

(C) was hardly convincing.

(D) was part of a conspiracy.

39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows

(A) generally distorted values.

(B) unfair wealth distribution.

(C) a marginalized lifestyle.

(D) a rigid moral code.

40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?

(A) The quality of writings is of primary importance.

(B) Common humanity is central to news reporting.

(C) Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.

(D) Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.

36. 答案A. The consequences of the current sorting mechanism. 因果细节题题目问到Elisbeth 因什么而感到沮丧。定位在第一段第二句Intergrity had collapsed, ..., because of a collective acceptance that the only "sorting mechanism" in society should be profit and the market, 由于社会中唯一的分类机制是利润和市场这一共同的观念，导致了正直这种道德品质的沦丧。

37. 答案B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking 段落推断题定位到第三段第一句As the hacking trial concludes.... the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands 正如窃听案总结的那样，仍然存在更广泛的dearth of integrity 的事件，与选项B 对应。

38. 答案C was hardly convincing 观点细节题根据第四段第二句中astonishing，how little...,how little... She never ... 以及第三句中She knew nothing 的语气判断作者的态度是认为RB的辩护是没有说服力的。

39. 答案A generally distorted values 观点细节题题干定位在第五段第三句，答案定位在随后的第四、第五句。The current collective doctrine 认为重要的是efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value...., 而认为justice, fairness....不重要，故扭曲了价值观。

40. 答案是C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper. 段落推断题定位在最后一段前两句。世界新闻杂志的目的不是提升读者的理解能力。。。。而是为了发行量和影响力而毁了人们的生活。从ruined the lives 的表达能看出作者希望杂志所做的是提高其道德意识，与C选项对应。

Part B

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

How does your reading proceed? Clearly, you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying

meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar. (41)________________. You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is evolved. Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where?

The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension but they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues. (42) ________________

Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or "true" meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relationship of the text to the world. (43) _____________

Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44) _____________. This does not, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page---including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns--- debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of belief and values.

How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45) _____________. Such dimensions of reading suggest---as others introduced later in the book will also do--that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It does not then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.

[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.

[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.

[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.

[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.

[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity-inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.

[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author's own thoughts.

[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organizations or patterning we perceive in a text's formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background,

social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.

41【C】

解析：41段中空，所以要看上句。空前与空后句中的主语是you,因此正确选项在C、D 中存在，此其一也；Ｄ中出现了reconstruct（重组）逻辑上是再次发生，与位于句首的逻辑发生了叙述上的矛盾。故排除Ｄ选择Ｃ。另外，Ｃ中的words or idioms和meanings 在41空前句重现，因为前句中有identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them。

42 【E】

解析：42 段尾空，所以看上一句话。空前一句中的主语是you,因此正确选项在C、D、E中存在，此其一也；其二，该句中主句谓语动词是infer, 与E中的宾语inferences构成逻辑对应关系。故排除Ｃ和Ｄ选择E。另外,42空前两句提到了阅读时我们会active engagement in inference and problem-solving, 并针对作者文中的specific evidence and clues进行信息的推测。Ｅ选项中further 一词表明延续此话题，用for instance 具体举例说明我们对文章信息作怎么样的推测。

43【G】

解析：43段尾空，应重点看本段上一句。同时下段开头出现了代词such background，而G中最后一句中的background与之形成逻辑对应关系。故选择G。另外，G中Rather表示转折，与43空前句开头的not 构成"not…rather…"的"不是……而是……"结构44【B】

解析：44段中空，看上下句。此段空前句中有关键词background，空后句中有关键词interpretation; background逻辑上对应G中最后一句中的background，而interpretation 逻辑对应B中最后一句中的interpretations. 故选择B。另外，B中Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class 是44空前who we are 的具体阐述。

45【A】

解析：45段中空，看上下句。最后一段首句主语是we, 所有选项中只有A和G的主语是we;但是G中首词是转折词Rather，与首句逻辑矛盾，故排除G选择A。另外，A中具体描述了许多不同的阅读目的和方式，此为对45空前句How we read a given text 和our particular interest in reading it 的具体阐述。A中的信息是45空后句such dimensions of reading 的指代对象。

Part C Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration -one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of

the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on meager rations. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought interminable delay.

To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one chronicler, "The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

文章来源于An Outline of American History，《美国历史纲要》，是一本历史学方面的专着。

46) This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

【句子结构】本句的主干为：this movement built a nation and shaped the character and destiny。driven by powerful motivations为过去分词做状语，分隔了主谓。out of a wilderness 和by its nature为介词短语做状语，分别修饰built和shaped。

【参考译文】受到多种强大的动机驱动，这次移民在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，由于其本质，它也塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

47) The United States is the product of two principal forces--the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.

【句子结构】本句主干为The United States is the product。破折号之后the immigration and the impact为two principal forces。of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics为the immigration的定语，of a new country为the impact的定语，之后which引导定语从句，修饰a new country。

【参考译文】美国产生于两个主要力量：思想习俗、民族特色各异的欧洲移民，以及改造这些特征的新国家所产生的影响。

48 But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.

【句子结构】本句的主干为But the force, the interplay and the sheer difficulty caused changes。本句主语较长，为并列的三个名词the force, the interplay and the sheer difficulty，之后又分别有较长的定语修饰：介词短语of geographic conditions为the force的定语，之后peculiar to America为形容词短语修饰geographic conditions；介词短语of the varied national groups和upon one another同时修饰the interplay；of maintaining old-world ways 和in a raw, new continent同时修饰the sheer difficulty。

【参考译文】但是，美国拥有独特的地理条件，不同民族之间产生了相互的作用，因此，在一片原始新大陆上，维护旧大陆方式产生了纯粹的困难，这一切引发了重大的变化。

49 The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.

【句子结构】本句的主干为The first shiploads of immigrants crossed the Atlantic。bound for the territory为immigrants的定语，之后which引导定语从句修饰the territory。more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America为状语。

【参考译文】在15-16世纪北美探索的一百多年之后，运往如今的美国这片新领土的第一船移民横渡了大西洋。

50 The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.

【句子结构】本句主干为The virgin forest was a real treasure-house。主语之后with its richness and variety of trees为其定语，表语a real treasure-house后是which引导的定语从句对其进行修饰。

【参考译文】拥有丰富多样树种的原始森林是一个真正的宝库，它从缅因州一直延伸到乔治亚州。

Section III Writing

Part A

Directions:

You are going to hold a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.

You should state reasons for your recommendation.

You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming " instead. Do not write the address .(10 points)

Dear friends，

I am writing to tell you about a fantastic book I have just read, as we always share the same taste of books.

The book is called Journey to the West, which tells us a story that four monks conquered multiple handicaps to achieve their final destination. Besides the touching and thrilling plot, the book also features humorous languages, thanks to the talented author.

So I recommend it to all of you as one of the favorite books that I have ever read. I am sure you will love it as much as I do. I am looking forward to discussing more with you after you read it.

Yours sincerely,

o Li Ming

今年英语一的小作文不出预料，再一次考查到了推荐信。在英语一的考试当中，推荐信已经考查过1年。例如我们英语一在2011年就考查过向你的朋友推荐一部电影。具体题目要求如下Directions:

Write a letter to a friend of yours to

1) recommend one of your favorite movies and

2) give reasons for your recommendation.

因此，考生不用惊慌只要把2011年的小作文稍作修改即可成文。这就启发我们2016

届的同学们要高度重视历年真题，因为考过的话题或是书信类型会反复考查。今年考题的Direction要求向读书俱乐部的成员推荐一本书。根据题目的要求，我们可以判断本文为公务信函，语域为正式语域，即不能出现缩写、省略问句和和口语表达。

下面我们来详细解读下今年的小作文，首先看一下题目要求：

Directions:

you are going to hold a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.

You should state reasons for your recommendation.

You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming " instead. Do not write the address .(10 point)

称呼：Dear friends注意称呼中，后面的逗号不可丢，也不能写成冒号。

正文

第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：写信目的，表明推荐；用到了这样的表达I am writing to tell you about a fantastic book I have just read, as we always share the same taste of books.

第二段：写作内容为推荐原因。首先，告知大家推荐的书名是什么；再次，具体阐明推荐的具体原因。用到了这样的表达：The book is called Journey to the West, which tells us a story that four monks conquered multiple handicaps to achieve their final destination. Besides the touching and thrilling plot, the book also features humorous languages, thanks to the talented author.

第三段：再次强调写信目的。

落款：Yours sincerely, 特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢；签名：Li Ming特别注意Ming 后面一定不能出现句点。

Part B

Directions:

Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following your essay, you should

1. describe the pictures briefly,

2. interpret its intended meaning, and

3. give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET . (20 points)

【范文】

What is symbolically depicted in the caricatures carries sharp contrast implications. In the first drawing, a father is watching a football match on the sofa. Meanwhile, he is supervising his son to finish homework. It is obvious that his son wears frowned expression on his face. On the contrary, the second portrayal depicts a father is working earnestly besides his son, and his son is doing his own assignment without prodding.

The drawer demonstrates that utmost significance should be attached to the phenomenon that setting proper examples has exerted great impact on the growth of the younger generation in China. Previously, it is widely acknowledged that parents are under obligation to help their kids form a set of appropriate values about the world and the life, which carries overwhelmingly precious connotation to the sound development on the younger generation. Simultaneously, there is no denying that the most rational method for adults to educate adolescents is to set them good examples rather than making perpetual requirements, which is less persuasive

compared with the actions.

Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implication from the drawings. On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten parents to be more advisable in educating their children. On the other hand, parents should attach more emphasis on setting excellent models for their juveniles. Only in this way, can we effectively ensure a promising prospect for adolescents.

面，我们要指出手机的弊端，给我们生活带来了很多负面影响。第三段评论段的写作内容为给出自己的评论和建议。可以指出年轻人应该重视面对面的交流！最后一句可以展望一下未来，说如果我们放下手机拿起筷子享受美食，和谐的关系就会出现了！