英语写作常用句式讲解

我的字库

每个人在读文献时一定会遇到一些觉得有用的词、词组或者句型，可以摘录下来以便在写作时采用或模仿。下面是我总结的一些，请大家补充。

我的词库（words/phrase）

●表示“研究”某个问题（除了用research，explore，investigate，detect或者

study，也可以是测量、观察、得到等等）

1.assess 评价

In previous decades there has been an emphasis on pain “sensation”, which

involves assessing the location and intensity of noxious stimuli.……评价（研究）伤害性刺激的定位和强度

2.insight，常用于研究某问题的内在机理、机制

In terms of pain, this meant that modulating the level of unpleasantness might

provide insight into the substrate of affect.

3.specify，某方法被用来做什么事情

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) ……was performed during the intentional memorizing of words to specify which medial temporal lobe structure is important in determining what words are subsequently remembered in a

cued-recall test and to characterize the time course of activation in that structure.

●“提示、说明、表明”等等，除了indicate、suggest、manifest、clarify以外，

还可以：

1.Postmortem studies of this region may provide a window on processes that

temporal cortices pass through decades before death.

●address前言里面常用的一个词

The primary issue this paper will address is ……本文要搞清的首要问题是……

Two questions were addressed: ……To address this issue……

●Clinical outcome 文献中常遇到的词，直译为临床结果，可能包含临床症状、

检查、转归等内容。

●psychometry心理测试

●除了biomarker，生物标记的另一说法

……may be useful biological indices to monitor AD.

●Table 1 describes these terms and provides an acronym for each. （给每个term用

词首字母设置简称）

●Used in this context（从这个意义上来讲）, the term mild cognitive impairment

implies that the different classification systems may be uniform and comparable.

●Behavioural results revealed impaired recognition and a lower false recognition

rate for semantically related distracters (lures)（干扰词，可能是指词语辨认中的新词）in aMCI, which suggest impaired semantic processing at encoding.

这句话意思是aMCI新词辨认成绩差反映语义加工的编码过程受损，出自An fMRI study of verbal episodic memory encoding in amnestic mild cognitive

impairment. Cortex 44 (2008) 869-880. Thomas M, Sukhwinder S, Tim Stevens, Lean Lee, Marc Seal, Rodney W.H. and Zuzana Walke

●String of digits 一串数字

●表示符合某疾病的诊断：

These people do not meet the clinical criteria for any neurodegenerative disease。

使用某某诊断标准when the AAMI criterion is employed

我的句库（sentence pattern/expression）

●表示刺激与大脑反应之间的关系

Imaging psychophysics allows one to correlate brain changes with sensory

stimulation parameters.

●因此，理想的MCI分类系统是……能够区分认知下降是年老造成的还是神

经退变造成的

An ideal system of classifying mild cognitive impairment must therefore

（therefore不一定在句首，也可放在句中）be able to differentiate impairment associated with ageing and impairment associated with neurodegenerative

processes.

●表示有争议

Controversy surrounds the function of the anterior cingulate cortex

●表示激活的比较：

1. A direct statistical comparison between simple WM and increased WM load

in MCI in the same regions showed a significant difference (significantly

more deactivation from simple WM to increased WM load).

2.Deactivation during face encoding as compared to fixation occurred in

controls in orbital gyrus, gyrus rectus, medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate

cortex, posterior cingulated cortex, and in the precuneus.

●说明、解释激活现象：

In the increased WM load condition, controls showed a positive temporal

derivative in the anterior cingulate and medial and middle frontal gyrus, meaning that the signal first showed an increase there, and then quickly reversed sign to deactivation.

●表示不同的组反应不同

In that early phase the BOLD response behaved differently in patients.

●早期诊断/AD风险预测的意义

Identifying older people at high risk for AD is important for both the patient and their carers as it may allow therapeutic intervention in the very earliest stages of the disease, which in turn may delay or even prevent the onset of the disease

process. In the worst case it allows for the planning of patient care.

●提出问题（需要更加精确的诊断标准）

Based on this analysis of the literature, optimal criteria for the accurate

identification of mild cognitive impairments are proposed.

●表示两次呈现刺激相同用“match”（匹配）

Participants judged whether the color and location of the probe matched that of

one of the items in the memory sample display.

●表示实验2的延时与实验1不同，其他条件（用aspect表示）一样。

The delay length in experiment 2 was 6000 ms. All other aspects of the

behavioral task were identical to experiment 1.

aspect还可以表示功能、作用

The limbic system appears to serve fundamental aspects of emotional processing and provide relevant and motivational information for phylogenetically more recent brain systems to regulate complex behaviors. 起到……的基本作用

●表示“经过对干扰因素的校正”

In this study, the greater degree of depressive symptoms was associated with increased HFC strength in the positively correlated hippocampal network in the thalamus, frontal and posterior cingulate regions after adjusting for potential

confounders.

图表说明（legend）

●The grey horizontal bar represents the delay interval. The grey vertical bars indicate the three phases of the task (encoding, maintenance and retrieval).

灰色的横条表示延迟阶段。灰色竖条表示任务三阶段（编码、保持和提取）

●一个激活范围大于另一个

The activated area in PPC in experiment 2 extended further medially and superiorly relative to experiment 1.

●上方为（大脑）前部、读者左侧即（大脑）左侧

The images are oriented with the anterior at the top and the left si de to the reader’s left

星号表示……

The asterisks denote values that differ significantly from the global mean after correction for multiple comparisons.

关于语态

医学论文常常采用第三人称的被动语态。这是因为医学研究着重于客观事物和过程的描述，使得整项活动更显出科学性。同时，被动语态的句子在结构上有较大的调节余地，有利于采用必要的修辞手段，扩大句子的信息量，从而突出重要的概念、问题、事实、结论等内容。请看下例：“采用Western blotting技术检测37例食管鳞状细胞癌组织、癌旁组织、区域淋巴结和相应正常食管组织中P73蛋白的表达，并探讨与食管临床病理特征的关系。”翻译：The expression of P73 protein was detected by Western blotting in 37 cases of esophageal tumor tissues', para-cancer tissues', regional lymphnodes and matched esophageal normal tissues' and their relation to clinical pathologic characteristics of esophageal cancer was explored. 分析：(P73蛋白的)“表达”和“关系”是两个中心词，只有使用被动语态，才能突出这两个词。“检测”和“探讨”都是科学研究的过程，使用被动语态就是强调其科学性。整个译句使用被动语态达到的效果是结构紧凑，上下联贯。

关于时态

时态时态是大多数作者遇到的一大难题，不知何时该用何种时态。有时全文从头到尾只用一种时态，或几种时态杂乱交错。医学论文摘要中所采用的时态主要是一般现在时和一般过去时，偶尔也会出现完成时。而它们的功能也很明确，即，一般现在时（偶尔有现在完成时）使用于摘要的目的与结论当中。对于摘要的目的，现在常常省略主语，只用不定式短语进行表达。如“to study; to evaluate; to understand”等；而一般过去时（偶尔有过去完成时）则常常用于摘要的方法和结果之中。请看下例：例1：“106例宫颈癌均行广泛性子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结清

除术，其中78例行术前放疗（体外加腔内放疗），16例采用腔内放疗加手术，12例术后放疗。”翻译：106 patients with cervical carcinoma were all treated by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy'of whom 78 had preoperative radiotherapy'(external radiation and brachytherapy)'16 combination of brachytherapy and radical operation'12 adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy.分析：上文是摘要“方法”中的一句。主句使用了过去时，从句则使用了过去完成时。之所以使用这两种时态，是因为在撰写此文时，研究工作已经结束，研究过程中所做的一切已成过去。读者阅过就一目了然。例2：“初步结果显示肝素酶基因表达可能为肺癌细胞获得转移活性的可靠标志之一，其检测可用于辅助判断肺癌患者预后。”翻译：The preliminary results suggest that the expression of heparanase gene may be one of the reliable markers for the metastatic activity gained by the lung cancer cells and can be used clinically in predicting the prognosis of patients.分析：这是摘要“结论”中的一句，是论文作者对研究工作进行的总结，并指出其对当前实际工作的指导意义，因此使用的是一般现在时。

1.EBD uptake assay showing apparent decrease of …………but

absence of significant differences between the groups.

2.Exercise tolerance was not significantly different between scid/mdx

mice intra-muscularly treated with mdxMABs and untreated scid/mdx mice, while it was significantly higher (one-way ANOV A; *P < 0.05) in scid/mdx mice treated with mdx(DYS-HAC)MABs than scid/mdx mice treated with mdxMABs.

It is conceivable that engraftment efficiency may depend on

英语写作中常用的十个句型

英语写作中常用的十个句型 1.表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this. 2）The reasons for this are as follows. 3）The reason for this is obvious. 4）The reason for this is not far to seek. 5）The reason for this is that... 例如:There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life. 2.表示好处 1）It has the following advantages. 2）It does us a lot of good. 3）It benefits us quite a lot. 4）It is beneficial to us. 5）It is of great benefit to us. 例如：Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us. 3.表示坏处 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2）It does us much harm. 3）It is harmful to us. 例如：However，everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television. 4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb.to do sth. 2）We think it necessary to do sth.3）It plays an important role in our life. 例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business. So，computers will be found in every home，too. We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age. 5.表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures. 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties. 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth. 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with. 例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it. 以下是专四专八写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1－2个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。 6.表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years. 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications. 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education. The major reasons for 例如：Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years. these changes are not far to seek. Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins. 1

英语作文常用句式 3篇(最新)

这些常用句型，熟记后，基本都可以在写作文的时候运用上。也不用绞尽脑汁去想如何表达自己的意思了。 1.While many people attach great importance to this issue, no real effective actions have been taken to solve it. Therefore, we should do our utmost in doing something to solve it. 尽管很多人非常重视这个问题，然而一直以来并没有采取真正有效的解决措施，因此，我们应该尽最大努力来解决这一问题。 2.After a good many years of efforts to/ enthusiasm for..., people begin to... 经过许多年的努力/热衷于……多年之后，人们开始…… 例句：After a good many years of enthusiasm for fighting in the city, people begin to try to live a comfortable life in the country. 热衷于在城市拼搏多年之后，人们开始想在小城镇过上舒适的生活。 3.Recently, the problem of...has aroused people's concern. 最近，……问题已引起人们的关注。例句：Recently, the problem of abandoning animals has aroused people's concern. 最近，遗弃动物这个问题已引起人们的关注。 4.As far as I am concerned, the advantages of...is more than disadvantages. 我认为……利大于弊。例句：As far as I am concerned, the advantages of establishing library in town is more than disadvantages. 我认为在城镇建立图书馆利大于弊。 5....has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.

英语写作常用句型

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现代英语写作常用句型汇总(1)

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大学英语作文常用句型推荐 1.When asked about the ongoing uproar involving U.S. President Bill Clinton , most people say the affair involves a purely private matter . But many other people regard his actions as deplorable . I personally think the president committed impeachable offences . 当被问及对现在有关美国总统比尔?克林顿的沸沸扬扬的议论有什么看法时，大多数人认为这种暧昧关系纯属私事。但是，还有很多人认为他的行为应当受到谴责。我个人认为总统犯了这些过错，应该被指控。 2. When it comes to the increasing use of motor vehicles in Beijing , some people think that use should be limited . Others argue that the opposite is true . There is probably some truth to both arguments,but emission controls must be instituted regardless of the number of vehicles. 涉及北京机动车使用量增加这一问题，有的人认为应该限制使用。另一些人持相反意见。也许双方的观点都有一定道理，但是，无论车辆多少，必须对废气排放实行控制。 3. There is a general debate nowadays about the problem of itinerant workers . Those who object to the rising migrant population argue that increasing numbers lead to rising crime rates and harm social stability . They believe that strict limits should be placed on migrants entering China ' s cities . But people who favor the influx of the cheap labor force , on the other hand , maintain that migrants are needed to support the massive urban infrastructure construction program . 目前，针对流动工人的问题展开了普遍的争论。反对流动工人增加的人认为这会导致犯罪率升高，从而危害社会稳定。他们主张应该严格限制进入中国城市的流动工人。但是，另一方面，支持廉价劳动力流入的人主张，为了支持大规模的城市基础设施建设规划，流动人口是必需的。 4. It is widely acknowledged that extensive deforestation contributed to heavy summer flooding . Experts argue that China must introduce a massive afforestation program . But I doubt whether afforestation alone will solve the problem . 人们普遍认为过度砍伐造成了夏季特大洪水。专家认为中国必须推行大规模的植树造林计划。但我对仅仅植树造林就能解决问题表示怀疑。 5. Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all problems . But in spite of the material benefits wealth provides , I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on the pursuit of happiness . 大多数人认为财富为所有问题提供解决的办法。但是，我认为，尽管财富提供物质上的利益，一个人应该放弃物质至上的追求，而是集中精力追求幸福。

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