考研英语典型长难句及解析

考研英语典型长难句及解析之一

1. Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep (2), electricity is working for us (1), driving our refrigerators, heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned (3).

电仍在为我们工作。

即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作。

即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作——开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。

2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life" (1), the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials (2).

可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”。

可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。

If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment (2), they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it (1).

他们就不会感到如此伤心, 所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。

如果做父母的对这种青少年的反应有所准备, 而且认为这是一个显示出孩子正在成长, 正在发展珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力的标志,

他们就不会感到如此伤心, 所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。

4. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse (1) which destroys the old muscle-power jobs (2) that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty (3).

他们(穷人们)最早体味到了技术进步所带来的危害。他们(穷人们)最早体味到了技术进步所带来的危害，因为技术进步使传统的体力劳动受到了威胁。

他们(穷人们)最早体味到了技术进步所带来的危害，因为技术进步使传统的体力劳动受到了威胁。而在过去，体力劳动是人们摆脱贫困的一种手段。

5. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes (1) which are both instructive and entertaining (2).

人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷的新节目。人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

6. All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match (2).

他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。然后就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧, 以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。

他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。然后就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧, 以及其他各种各样的文艺节目，更不用说政治辩论以及近来激动人心的足球赛了。

7. People were afraid to leave their houses (1), for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency (3), they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else (2).

人们不敢出门，因为警察也象他们一样不知所措、无能为力。人们不敢出门，因为虽然警察已接到命令以防万一，但他们也象其他人一样不知所措、无能为力。

8. Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals (1) if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries (2).

现代科技书籍，尤其是教科书，在很短的时间内就需要重新修订。

现代科技书籍，尤其是教科书，在很短的时间内就需要重新修订，如果它们的作者希望能够跟上新观点、新资料和新发现的话。

对于现代科技书籍，尤其是教科书来说，如果其作者想要跟上新观点、新资料和新发现的话，每隔较短的时间，就要对书的内容进行修订更新。

9. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (2), this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs,but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities (1).

这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。到目前为止, 经历了18 和19 两个世纪, 这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。从18 世纪、19 世纪一直到现在，所出现的一种新的趋势是住宅位于城市的近郊，而生产、商务活动、政府机构以及娱乐活动等则集中在城市的中心区域。

10. How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European film and television programme industry (1) which is competitive in the world market and capable of radiating the influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe? 欧洲联盟怎样才能促进欧洲影视业的发展呢?

欧洲联盟怎样才能促进欧洲影视业的发展，使其在世界市场上更加具有竞争性，使其能够扩大欧洲文化的影响，并为欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢？

11. In America, plans by the government to allow government agencies and intelligence sevices easy access to telephone conversations and electronic mail (2) have caused considerable concern (1).

在美国，计划引起了人们普遍关注。在美国，政府允许政府部门和情报机构可以随意监听电话和监视电子邮件的计划引起了人们普遍的关注。

12. Many people believe (1) that man is not solving these problems of pollution quickly enough (2a) and that his selfish pursuit of possessions take him past the point of no return (2b) before he fully appreciates the damage (2ba).

许多人认为，人类没有尽快的解决这些污染问题而只顾谋求私利，以至于错过了悔改的机会，以后才充分认识到这种损害。

考研英语典型长难句及解析之二

1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.

结构分析:句子的主干是This will be particularly true…。since 引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that 引导的定语从句，修饰the high-energy American fashion。在定语从句中，that 做主语，makes 做谓语，it 做形式宾语，不定式短语to combine few farmers with high yields 则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部to combine 是主干，few farmers 是宾语，with high yields 是状语），possible 做宾语补足语。this 指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch 译为“能源的匮乏”;in…fashion 译为“用…方法、方式”。

译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。

2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter，we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.

结构分析:句子的主干是we must be sure…。since 引导原因状语从句the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter。主句中又有that引导的宾语从句that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从句中又套嵌一个由介词with+which 引导的定语从句with which we are comparing our subjects 修饰先行词the scale。scale 在此处意为“尺度、衡量标准”。

译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。

3. In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be

most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.

结构分析:句子的框架是the tests work most effectively when…and least effectively when…。and 连接两个并列分句，每个并列分句中皆有一个when 引导的时间状语从句分别说明work most effectively 和and（work）least effectively。第二个时间状语从句中还有一个主语从句what…predicted。the tests 是主句的主语，work 为动词做谓语。qualities 在此处是可数名词，不译为“质量”，而译为“特征”。defined不能直译为“被定义为”，而应译为主动语态“界定”。

译文：一般来说，当所需要测定的特征能被精确界定时，测试最为有效;而当所测定或预测的东西不能被明确界定时，测试效果最差。

4. For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

结构分析:句子的框架是they do not compensate…，and thus do not tell how…。and 连接两个并列分句，第二个并列分句中由how 引导的宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句，其中had he grown up…（=If he had grown up…）是省略了连词if 的非真实条件句。主句主语的they，在此代指上文提到的tests; able 在句中作might have been 的表语。underprivileged 在此不能译为“没有特权的”，而译为“没有地位的”或“物质条件差的”。

译文：例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公;因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境中成长的话，会有多大才干。

5.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset：it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.

结构分析:句子的框架是It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that…。冒号后的复合句是对冒号前部分作进一步说明。复合句中that 引导宾语从句，从句中有either…or…引导的两个并列的介词结构作状语，修饰动词be treated，其中第一个with 介词结构中还有一个省略了关系代词that 或which 的定语从句humans extend to other humans，修饰the consideration。it 代

指上文的观点，即如果对人权没有达成一致看法，而谈论动物的权利是徒劳的。介词短语at the outset 译为“从一开始”。动词invites 应转译为“使”、“让”或“促使”。动宾结构extend consideration to 意为“给予关怀或关心”，consideration 不应译为“考虑”。

译文：这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关怀体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。

6. But even more important，it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past，for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.

结构分析:句子的框架是it was the farthest that…。但It was…that…在本句中不是强调句型。it 是指上句中所提到的150 亿年前形成的巨大云团（a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth）;that 引导的应是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the farthest。for 引导的是表示原因的分句，分句中还有that 引导的定语从句，修饰the patterns and structure。

译文：但更重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的有关过去的最为遥远的景象，因为他们看到的是150 亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。

7. Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labor，tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers，with their wives and children，were forced into the cities in search of work，and any work，under any condition，that would keep them alive.

结构分析:句子的框架是it happened that…。it 做形式主语，that 引导的从句做真正的主语。主语从句中，又有一个由when 引导的时间状语从句，主句为tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers…were forced…，时间状语从句中从句主语the new factories又带有一个定语从句that were springing up; that would keep them alive 做work 的定语从句。spring up 意为“发生，出现，建立”。

译文: 于是就出现了这样的情况:正当新办的工厂纷纷建立，需要劳动力的时候，成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘、以农业为生的劳动者携家带口，被迫进入城市;他们要找活干，不管什么活儿，不论什么条件，只要不被饿死就行。

8. As a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to

believe that nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiments，she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.

结构分析:句子的框架是…we have come to believe that…。that 引导的从句做believe 的宾语从句;此从句中有一个that 从句作the sense 的同位语从句;同位语从句中又套嵌一个由when 引导的时间状语从句;此时间状语从句又套嵌一个定语从句that endure，修饰其先行词discoveries。by way of 意为“经由，通过…方法”;reward sb. with 意为“以…报答，酬劳”;endure 此处应译为“持久，持续”,不要译为“忍受，容忍”。

译文:由于两三个世纪以来的科学研究成果，我们逐渐相信，如果运用合适的观察和实验方法向大自然探究问题，她会真心实意地给我们答复，并且以永垂不朽的发现来报答我们。从这个意义上来说，大自然是可以认识的。

9. These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details were it not for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at which it is becoming possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.

结构分析:句子的框架是These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details…。后面紧跟省略了if 引导的虚拟条件句were it not for the fact that…，即if it were not for the fact that…;that 从句作the fact 的同位语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个定语从句，修饰其先行词the stage; required for reliable weather forecasting 为过去分词短语修饰the kind of measurements。simply 译为“只不过，仅仅”，不应译为“简单地”。

译文：理论上的认识已达到了这样一个阶段,即现在已能指出需要哪种测量方式才能可靠地预报天气。如果做不到这一点，那么上述这

些新的观察能力只不过提供了一大堆细节而已。

10. The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes，namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight of the liquid it displaces，has many different versions，of which the following is one.

结构分析:句子的框架是The story…has many different versions…。what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes 为名词性从句做介词of 的宾语。namely that a solid body…作the principle of Archimedes 的同位语;when immersed in a liquid 是省略了主语的过去分词短语，句子补充完整为when the solid body is immersed in a liquid，修饰其主句a solid body loses a portion of its weight of the liquid…;it displaces 是省略了关系代词that 的定语从句修饰the liquid，it 代指前面提到的the solid body;同时，of which the following is one 又构成先行词versions 的定语从句。displace 意为“排（水）”;version 不译为“版本”，此处指“根据个人观点的（对事件等的）说法，看法”;句尾的one 代指 a version。译文:当固体浸没到液体中时，固体会失去它所排出的液体的那部分重量，这就是现在通常所谓的阿基米德原理。有关这一发现的故事说法众多，下面的故事就是其中之一。

考研英语典型长难句及解析之三

1. We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly with the distance so that the attraction between molecules that were more than a few ten millionths of a millimeter apart was very small but became considerable when the molecules approached more closely.

结构分析:句子的框架是We assumed that there were forces of attraction…。that 引导宾语从句。此宾语从句中套嵌一个由which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词forces of attraction; so that the attraction between molecules…是so that 结构引导的结果状语从句;在此状语从句中，除主干结构the attraction…was very small but became considerable…，又有that were more than a few ten-millionths of a millimeter apart 做定语从句修饰先行词molecules 和when the molecules approached more closely 做状语从句，修饰…but became considerable。considerable 译为相当大。译文：我们曾经假定，分子之间存在着引力，这种引力随着分子之间距离的不同而有显著的变化，因而，在间距为千万分之几毫米的分子之间的引力是很小的，但是分子靠得很近时，这种引力会变得相当大。

2. This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development，which means that

we must，for the benefit of coming generations，leave enough environmental space so that these generations will be able to address their needs and fulfill their aspirations. 结构分析:句子的框架是This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development…。其后紧跟着一个which 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词sustainable development。此定语从句的谓语动词means 又套嵌一个that 引导的宾语从句，即we must…leave enough environmental space。此宾语从句中又有so that 结构做此从句的目的状语。be enshrined in 意为“被深深地珍藏（或铭记）在此处转译为主动语态“纳入到”。sustainable development 译为“可持续发展”。译文：这一需要被正式载入可持续发展的概念之中。所谓可持续发展是指:为了子孙后代的利益，我们必须保留足够的生存环境空间，以满足他们的需要，施展抱负。

3. Painting lacks only the means to represent movement in time and space，which is the special property of sculpture and architecture，since a painting is designed to be seen from one point at one time，whereas sculpture and architecture are created to be seen from various points of view，thus supplying movements in space and time.

结构分析:句子的框架是Painting lacks only the means…,since…。since 引导的原因状语从句修饰主句;关系代词which 引导的定语从句修饰the means to represent movement in time and space; property 在此处应译为“性质,特性”,不译为“财产,资产”。

译文：绘画缺少的仅仅是表现空间与时间变化的手法，而这正是雕塑与建筑的特性。绘画时只要求在某一时刻，从空间的一点来欣赏，而雕塑和建筑的创造则要求从各个角度来欣赏，这样就表现出了空间，时间的变化。

4. Once intimidated by arguments that their children would feel more at home in bilingual classes，and that they might lose their heritage in regular classes，these women have since given voice，loudly and persuasively，to what they know from experience that unless they are fluent in the language of their adopted country，their children will never attend college or land any but the most menial of jobs.

结构分析:句子的框架是these women have…given voice…to what they know from experience that…。that 从句做experience 的同位语从句;此从句中又套嵌一个

unless引导的条件状语从句;Once intimidated by arguments是过去分词做状语修饰these women，其施动者arguments又有两个that 引导的同位语从句修饰限定它。intimidated by arguments 意为“被论点搞得惊慌害怕”;feel at home 不能直译为“感到在家”，而译为“感到自在”;give voice to 意为“表达，表露”;land jobs 译为“找到工作”。

译文：有人说，孩子们在双语课堂里会感到更加自由自在，而在正规班级会丧失其传统文化。这几位母亲曾被这一论点搞得惶恐不安，现在发表了最响亮，最有说服力的意见。从她们自身的经验中，他们深知:如果孩子们不熟练掌握他们所移居国家的语言，除了那些最简单的体力活儿外，根本谈不上上大学，也谈不上找到理想的工作。

5. The presumption on which human cloning rests is that all these cells，though now specialized，still contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions needed to make an entire individual and can do so if a way is found to switch them back on.. 结构分析:句子的框架是The presumption is that all these cells…contain genetic instructions…and can do so…。其中介词on 加which 引导定语从句修饰主语the presumption; that 从句为表语从句;此表语从句中contain 和can do 并列做all these cells 的谓语;表语从句中又插入一个though 引导的省略了主语all these cells 的让步状语从句，补充完整为though these cells are now specialized; needed to make an entire individual 为过去分词短语做genetic instructions 的后置定语;并列谓语can do so 又有if 条件句修饰。rest on 意为“依赖”。为避免重复do so 代替前文提到的make an entire individual。

译文：人类克隆赖以存在的假定是:虽然所有的细胞现已全部特化，但却仍然包含有发育为完整个体所需的与母体完全一致的全部遗传指令;如果能找到一个方法使失去作用的部分恢复作用，这些细胞就能发育成为完整的个体。

6. Thus，a regularity for which there are general theoretical grounds will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories.

结构分析：句子的框架是 a regularity…will be more readily called a natural law than an empirical regularity…。介词for 加关系代词which引导定语从句修饰 a

regularity。an empirical regularity 后又有定语从句that cannot be subsumed under more general laws or theories 修饰。grounds 意为“根据，理由”;subsume 意为“把…归入，纳入”。

译文：因此，与一条不能被归入更普遍的法则或理论而是基于经验的规律相比，一条具有普遍理论依据支持的规律很可能被认可为一条自然法则。

7. It is because of the close association in most people’s minds of tools with man that special attention has always been focused upon any animal able to use an object as a tool，but it is important to realize that this ability，on its own，does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature concerned.

结构分析:句子的框架是It is because of…that…，but it is important to realize that…。but 连接两个并列句，but 前的并列分句为It is…that…强调结构，强调because of 引导的状语。but 后的并列分句又有that 引导的宾语从句做realize 的宾语。the close association in most people’s minds of tools with man 中注意in most people’s minds 把the close association of tools with man（工具与人类的密切联系）分隔开来。两个并列句中分别有able to use an object as a tool 和concerned 分别做其前面名词animal 和the creature 的后置定语。man 根据上下文在此处指“人类”，而不是“男人”;not necessarily 译为“不一定、未必”;on its own 意为“独立地，凭自己力量”，在此转译为“就其自身而言”。

译文：正是由于在大多数人头脑中工具与人类联系密切，人类才特别关注有能力把物体当工具使用的任何一种动物。但值得注意的是，这种能力就其自身而言，并不表明这种动物有什么特别的智慧。

8. The point at which tool using and tool making acquire evolutionary significance is surely when an animal can adapt its ability to manipulate objects to a wide variety of purposes，and when it can use an object spontaneously to solve a brand-new problem that without the use of a tool would prove insoluble.

结构分析:句子的框架是The point…is…when…and when…。两个when 引导的从句为并列的表语从句。at which tool using and tool making acquire evolutionary significance 为定语从句修饰主语the point;第二个when 引导的表语从句中也有that 引导的定语从句修饰a brand-new problem。ability to manipulate objects 译为

“操纵物体的能力”;…a brand-new problem that without the use of a tool would prove insoluble中without 和insoluble 为双重否定可译成肯定句。

译文：当一种动物能够使自己操纵物体的能力适用于更广泛的目标范围，并且能够自发地使用物体解决只有通过工具才能解决的崭新问题时，工具的使用和制造就肯定达到了具有进化意义的阶段。

9. It was the desire to be scholarly that brought about a wave of Latin terms which appeared in the 16th century when the humanist movement brought new impetus to learning throughout Europe.

结构分析:句子的框架是It was the desire…that brought about a wave…。it is…that…是强调句型，强调主语the desire to be scholarly。关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰Latin terms;关系副词when引导定语从句,修饰century。句中scholarly做“博学多才”讲;humanist movement译为“人文主义运动”;impetus 意为“动力,促进”。

译文：在16 世纪的时候，人文主义运动促进了欧洲各国的学术运动，人们都想显示自己的博学多才，从而出现了一股使用拉丁字词的潮流。

10. So don’t be surprised if you never encounter some of the expressions that still appear in school textbooks; and next time you hear somebody using a strange word you haven’t heard before，you can comfort yourself that there may well be a native speaker somewhere who doesn’t know it either.

结构分析:句子的框架是…don’t be surprised if you…;and next time…，you can comfort yourself that…。分号连接两个并列分句。在前面句子中，if 引导状语从句;关系代词that 引导定语从句，修饰expressions。在后面句子中，you hear…是省略了关系副词when 的定语从句，修饰next time; you haven’t heard before 又是省略了关系代词which 的定语从句，修饰strange word;主句是you can comfort yourself that…，这里的that 引导宾语从句，而关系代词who 引导定语从句，修饰native speaker。may 和well 连用表示有充分的理由，译为“（完全）能，（很）可能”。

译文：因此，如果在某些教科书里你碰到某些词组是你从未见过的，你不必惊讶。如果下次你听到有人用一个你以前从未听到过的新词，你可以这样安慰自己说，

很可能在什么地方有一个讲英语的本地人也不认识这个字呢!

考研英语长难句结构分析技巧

英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可可能为并列，包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句，首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及清楚从句之间的关系。英语经常出现的复合句包括：名词性从句，它又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；形容词性从句，即定语从句；另外还有一种叫做状语从句。

那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢？有以下几点最为基础的步骤需要考生们记住：

1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构；

2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词；

3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等；以及词，短语和从句之间的关系；

4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。

依照上面四个结构分析步骤，我们对下面的句子进行了分解与解析，希望同学们能够在看完例子后，有进一步的理解。

例句：In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 例句分析：

第一，拆分句子。

这个长句可以拆分为四段：①“In Africa I met a boy”②“who was crying as if his heart would break”、③“when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because”、④“he had had no food for two days”.

第二，句子的结构分析。

（1）主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语——“I met a boy”；

（2）“crying”后面是壮语从句“as if his heart would break”；

（3）“when I spoke to him”是介于“said”和“that he was hungry because”之

间的插入语。第三，难点部分的处理。“crying as if his heart would break”应译为哭得伤心极了。

参考译文：在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了。

以上是对于一般长难句的结构较为基础的解析方法。长难句的解析方法具体来讲可以分为分译法、顺序法、综合法、逆序法等。

1、分译法

有些英语长句的主句与从句或主句与修饰语间的关系并不十分密切，为使意思连贯，可把长句中的从句或短语化为句子分开来叙述，有时还可适当增加词语。例如：“He became deaf at five after an attack of typhoid fever.”该句有两个介词短语，代表两层意思。因此，按照分译法，打破原句的结构翻译成：他五岁的时候，生了一场伤寒病，变成了聋子。

2、顺序法

有些英语长句按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，或者叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，这类句子可按原文顺序译出。这里不予以举例。3、逆序法

逆序法即倒置法。有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同，甚至语序完全相反，这就必须从原文的后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译。例如：“There was little hope of continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”该句可分为三部分①“There was little hope”；②“continuing my inquiries after dark to any useful purpose”；③“in a neighborhood that was strange to me.”前两层表结果，第三层表原因。这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反，因此要打破原句的结构，按照汉语造句的规律重新加以安排。译为，这一带我不熟悉，天黑以后继续进行调查，取得结果的希望不大。

4、综合法

另有一些英语长句用前三种翻译方法翻译时都有困难，需要用综合法。即或按时间先后，或按逻辑先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有逆地进行综合处理。例如：“The phenomenon describes the way in which light physically scatters when it passes through particles in the earth’s atmosphere that are1/10 in diameter of the

color of the light.”该句可以分解为四个部分①“The phenomenon describes the way”；②“in which light physically scatters”；③“when it passes through particles in the earth ‘s atmosphere”；④“that are1/10in diameter of the color of the light.”

其中，第一、二和三、四部分之间是修饰与被修饰的关系。用综合法来处理这个句子，即合译前三部分，第四部分用分译法，这样译出来的句子就非常符合汉语的表达习惯。译为，这种现象说明了光线通过地球大气微粒时的物理散射方式。大气微粒的直径为有色光直径的十分之一。

通过对近年来试题的分析，我们可以看出，长难句结构复杂，逻辑性强，翻译起来困难相当大。但是，无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构，它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。只要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系，再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。在长句的英译汉实践中，我们始终应记住英汉在句法结构上的差异，不必拘泥于形式。

2018考研英语长难句解析：每日一句(136)_毙考题

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考研英语二长难句讲解

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2019考研英语长难句解析(57)_毙考题

2019考研英语长难句解析(57) ( 2011年真题Section ⅡReading Comprehension Part A Text3 第1段第1句) We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and Growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus. 译文：我们往往把二战后的几十年视作繁荣和发展的时代，数以百万计的士兵回到家乡，靠着政府对退役军人的资助读大学或在婚姻登记处排队办理结婚手续。分析：本句的主语是We，谓语是tend to think of，宾语是the decades，由as引导的介词短语是该宾语的补足语。decades 后面的现在分词短语immediately following 做后置定语修饰decades ，time后的介词短语of 则是修饰time的后置定语。本句的第二部分是with引导的伴随状语，该伴随状语由with soldiers returning ，going and lining 组成。本句的难点在于对think of as 这一结构以及伴随状语中三个并列部分的理解。词汇指南 tend [tend](v.)走向,趋向;倾向;照料,看护(CET-4)(t=to-去，end-末端,尽头朝末端去、伸展即走向,趋向，引申为倾向;照料,看护。) 考点搭配：tend to 倾向于(2008年-阅读1) 1个派生词： ●tendency [ tend?nsi](n.)趋势,趋向;倾向(CET-4)(2010年-阅读3)(ency-名词后缀) marriage[ m rid?](n.)结婚,婚姻;婚礼(中考词汇)(marri=marry-结婚，age-抽象名词后缀结婚,婚姻;婚礼) 3个扩展词： ●marry [ m ri](vt.)娶,嫁(vi.)结婚(中考词汇)(2006年-阅读1)(mar=march-三月，r-双写，y-名

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化繁为简—破解英语长难句一长难句基本句型特征考研英语长难句的是如何构成的？命题人员在英语原文基础上进行改造时，主要从结构上通过四种方式来使句子更加复杂： 1、复合从句 2、成分省略 3、使用插入成分 4、改变句序这四种方式往往相互结合，形成错综复杂的句子，即混合型句子。目的是提高难度，增强干扰，打断和打乱考生的思维，从而达到检验考生阅读能力和的目标。下面分别对这四种方式进行解析。我们要时刻牢记的一点是，考试中的长难句绝大多数为主谓宾或主系表结构，其它成分都是围绕这三个主要成分其中之一。这就是所有长难句的核心和本质。必须牢记。最常见的是围绕主语和宾语（表语）我们要根据这些次要成分的位置和字面意义来推测它们和主干意群的逻辑关系。在切分意群时，意群的大小根据自己实际理解能力来分解。标准就是看一眼就能理解的信息（短语或者句子）。经过训练后，我们看一眼就能把握的意群会越来越多，从而完成从菜鸟到“大虾”的转变。请看下面例句： The fact that these people live near famous caves, which contain vivid paintings from Europe?s early humans, leads him to the conclusion that they are extremely likely to be the most direct relatives of the first modern humans in Europe, who supposedly migrated from Africa. (46 words) 我们需要做的就是把句子意群切开，化繁为简，分而治之。目前大多数同学会看到后面的信息就忘掉前面的信息，一句话反复读，但总理不清头绪，浪费大量时间。通过训练，我们将学会如何快速解开错综复杂的意群，避免信息杂乱无章，清晰地把握句子的含义。在这里强调，在初级阶段一定要动手做标记，不迈出这一步，我们会永远停留在看到长难句就头脑混乱直到短路的阶段。整个处理过程是从点到线再到面的，也就是要求我们必须按照信息的复杂程度来处理。即单词→意群→句子。万万不能尝试一下子理解或者翻译全句。再次强调一下，理解句子不同于做翻译题。一、复合从句在考研中，复合从句中的从句最常见的是定语从句。此类句子就像一棵信息树，树上生枝，枝上生杈，杈上生叶。必须找出树的主干从哪里分出枝，枝上哪里分杈，依此类推。只要抓住句子的各个连接点，就能理出句子层次，才能完全把握整个句子。遇到长难句时，需要根据题型来决定处理的深度。如果是阅读理解通读文章时，抓大放小，抓主放次。即抓住主谓宾或主系表。如果是阅读理解问题相关句，需要快速罗列理顺主次意群，如果是翻译，则需要进一步处理意群的顺序，润色汉语的选词。如果从句长，可以借助汉语的代词来加快理解过程。尤其是连续出现的从句里套从句，可以反复利用这些汉语代词做节点，这样就能很快理清思路。后面会有详细讲解。二、成分省略句子成分省略是为了避免重复。考研中一般难度大的省略不是主语和谓语的语法省略，而是为了

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1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn. 美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。 2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century? 1986年看见哈雷彗星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？ 3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions. 人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。 4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued. 由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。 5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable. 任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。