if条件从句与虚拟语气区别

条件状语从句

连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。

unless = if not. 例如：

Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累，我们去散散步。

If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.

You will be late ___ you leave immediately.

A. unless

B. until

C. if

D. or

答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late.

虚拟语气

1）虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。

2）条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。

一般现在时

shall/will + 动词原形

祈使句情态动词一般现在时

例如：If he comes, he will bring his violin. 如果他来，会带小提琴来的。The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.

A. will rain

B. rains

C. rained

D. is rained

答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。

注意：

1）在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. （错） If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.

（对） If you leave now, you will never regret it.

2）表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall （will） +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。

非真实条件句

1）虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。

a. 与现在事实相反的假设

一般过去时（be用were）should（would）等 +动词原形

例如：If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。

含义：They are not here, they can’t help you.

b. 与过去事实相反的假设

过去完成时

should（would）等+ have+ 过去分词

例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话，我会把这件事告诉他的。

含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.

c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想

一般过去时

should/would等 + 动词原形

were+ 不定式

should+ 动词原形

例如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。

If you should succeed, everything would be all right.

If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.

含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now. 7

凄、￣羙的感言：谢谢 2008-12-02

其他回答(1)

□KF 6级 2008-11-27

您好：

可以从2个角度去区分：

1。时态

A，由if引导的条件状语从句通常都是主句为一般将来时，从句为一般现在时。B，而在虚拟语气中，时态都是有很多，往往都是根据句子的含义判断，究竟是与现在，过去还是将来的事实相反。

2。真实与非真实

A，由if引导的条件状语从句一般都是真实的，只要所谓的条件成立，一定会成为事实

B，但虚拟语气并非如此，if，既然是虚拟，就一定是非真实的，可以根据句意判断其是否真实

就不举例了，希望您能够明白

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（答题时间：20分钟）一、单项选择： 1. —I didn’t attend the lecture yesterday. —I ________, either，if my mother hadn’t reminded me. A. wouldn’t B. wouldn’t have C. didn’t D. hadn’t 2. —Will you accept the job offer? —If I ________ five years younger, I ________ it. A. were; would have taken B. have been; would take C. were; would take D. had been; would have taken 3. —Pity you missed the concert. —I ________ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. must have attended B. had attended C. would have attended D. would attend 4. Don’t complain about your pet dog.Your pet dog _____ like you more, if you ____ him better. A. would, treated B. could, had treated C. can, treated D. would, treat 5. If he _____ tomorrow, we _____ the meeting till next week. A. should not come, would put off B. does not come, would put off C. comes, will put off D. came, would put off 二、翻译下列句子： 1. 如果我是你，我就会努力学习。 ____________________________________________________ 2. 如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛。 ____________________________________________________ 3. 假如明天他来了, 我们对他说什么呢？ ____________________________________________________ 4. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。 __________________________________________________ 5. 如果我是Tom，我不会做这样的事情。 ____________________________________________________ 6. 如果我很了解她，我会告诉你关于她的一些情况。 ____________________________________________________ 7. 如果我能出国，我会到美国去。

虚拟语气口诀与总结

虚拟语气总结（1）一种定语从句：It’s time that+did （2）两种目的状语从句： so that/in order that+ can/may/could/might +do in case\lest\for fear(以防) that+should do （3）三种随时变化句： ①wish 现在→did/were if only ＋过去→had done as if/though 将来→could/would do ②would rather＋/将来→did/were 过去→had done ③现在：if+did/were, would+ do 过去：if+had done, would+ have done 将来：did if+ were to do, would+ do should do 注意：除了由if引导的虚拟条件句外，还有倒装条件句，即把were、had或should提前；混合时间句，虚实错综句，以及含蓄条件句，即由or, otherwise, with, without, but for来引导的。（4）四种名词性从句： ①当表语是important, natural, necessary, possible, strange, arranged, decided, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, surprising, a pity, no woder时，主语从句要用虚拟语气。例： It’s important that we (should) help each other. ②动词一坚持(insist)，两命令(command, order)，三建议(advise, propose, suggest)，四要求(ask, demand, request, require)后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。例： He insisted that he (should) be sent to the West. 注：insist(坚持说), suggest(暗示，表明)时，从句应用陈述语气。如： Her pale face suggested that she was ill. 1). Mother insisted that John (should) go to bed before 9 o’olock. 对比：He insisted that I had taken away his dictionary.（不是建议、要求、命令或主张） 2). His suggestion that Tony (should) be invited to the party was refused.（同位语从句）对比：His words suggested that he was very angry with me.（不是建议、要求、命令 ③idea, plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词作主语时，表语从句用虚拟语气。例： My suggestion is that we (should) hold a class meeting. ④idea, plan以及表示“坚持，命令，建议，要求”等动词的同源名词后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。例： The office gave an order that his soldiers fight back bravely. If +were/ did (动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+do（用来表示对现在情况的假设）1). I don’t have a cellphone. If I had one , it would be convenient for me to contract others. If +had done (过去完成式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+have done（用来表示对过去情况的假设） 1). If I had gone to the concert, I would have seen the famous singer. If +were/ did (动词过去式)，主语+情态动词（would, could, might, should）+ do were to do should do （用来表示对将来情况的假设） 1). If I were not to take/ should take/ took the exam tomorrow, I would go shopping with you. 虚拟语气条件句的倒装：在虚拟语气条件句中，如果出现助动词were, should, had，可省略if, 把这些词提到主语前面，变成倒装句。 1). Should he act like that again, he would be fined. If he should act like that again, he would be fined。 Were he to act like that again, he would be fined. If he were to act like that again, he would be fined. If he acted like that again, he would be fined.（不可以倒装） 2). Had the doctor come in time last night, the boy would have been saved. If the doctor had come in time last night, the boy would have been saved. 3). If I had time now, I would go to the film with you. （不可以倒装,因为句中的had不是助动词） But for….--> If it were not for…../ If it hadn’t been for 1). But for the determined captain, all the passengers on board wouldn’t have been saved. If it hadn’t been for the determined captain, all the passengers on board…… 2). But for your rich parents, you wouldn’t live such a easy life. If it were not for your rich parents, you wouldn’t live such a easy life.

高考if条件句虚拟语气

高考虚拟语气试题 1. ____ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone 2. If you were older, I ____ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 3. If we ____ here ten minutes earlier, we ___ the bus. A. arrived/would catch B. arrived/would have caught C. had arrived/had caught D. had arrived/would have caught 4. If I ___ more time, I would have gone with him. A. had B. had had C. have had D. would have 5. If he had not gone out in the storm _____. A. he will be alive now B. he would be alive now C. he would have been alive now 6. If it ___ tomorrow, what would we do? A. rains B. were to rain C. would rain D. rain 7. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should k now D. knew 8. If it ___ rain, we ___ get wet. A. is to, should B. were to, would C. were going to, would D. was going to, should 9. If he ___ to the teacher attentively, he ___ the answer to the problem now. A. had lis tened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know 10. ---- I thought you would come back tomorrow. ---- I would if I ___ to attend a meeting. A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. will not have D. would not have 11. If I had hurried, I ___ the train. A. would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D. had caught 12. If I had known that, I ___ so. A. wouldn’t do B. wouldn’t have done C. won’t do D. have not done 13. If I ___ you, I wouldn’t return the call. A. be B. am C. was D. we re 14. If the doctor had been available, the child ___. 教育是一项良心工程 1