学术论文写作：摘要

学术论文写作：摘要

一、摘要的写作目的和结构要素

摘要简要地概述论文的内容, 拥有与正文同等量的主要信息，即不阅读全文，就能获得必要的信息。其结构要素是：

(1) 主题阐述（Topic specification）；

(2) 研究目的陈述（Purpose statement）；

(3) 理论指导（Theory/Perspective）

(3) 研究方法(Methodology and Data)；

(4) 研究结果/发现（Results/Findings）；

(5) 研究结论/启示（Conclusions/Implications）。

练习1：就结构要素评析下面4个摘要（为判断方便，列汉语标题）

Sample 1

1. Introduction

2. Translation Activity in New Century

2.1Definition and Purpose of Translation Activity

2.2 Translation Activity under the Background of Cross-culture Communication

2.2.1The Trend of Cross-culture Communication

2.2.2 New Requirements for Translation Activity

3. The Trend of Cross-culture Communication

3.1 Definitions of Cultural Symbols

3.2 The Formation of Characteristic Cultural Symbols

3.3Main Categories of Cultural Symbols

4. Strategy in Dealing with Cultural Symbols Translation

4.1 Comparison between Domestication and Foreignization

4.2 Nida Eugene. A and Dynamic Equivalence Translation

4.3 Translation Studies School and Foreignization

4.4 Two Strategies in Text Analysis

5. Conclusion

1. Introduction

2. The Rhetorical Motivation in Trade Name

2.1 Rational Needs and Rational Needs

2.1.1 Rational Needs

2.1.2 Emotional Needs

2.2 Cultural Factors

2.2.1 Ethnic Culture

2.2.2 Regional Culture

2.2.3 Religious Culture

2.2.4 Culture of Place and Person

3. The Rhetorical Approaches to Trade Name

3.1 Homophone

3.1.1 Homophone in Chinese

3.1.2 Homophone between Chinese and English

3.1.3 Homophone in English

3.2 Onomatopoeia

3.2.1 Emotional onomatopoeia

3.2.2 Rational onomatopoeia

3.3 Rhyme

3.3.1 Alliteration

3.3.2 The Ending of Lines of Verse

3.3.3 Assonance

3.4 Reduplicated Sound

4. The Translation of Trade Names

4.1 Transliteration

4.2 Variant Translation

4.3 Phonological and Semantic Combination

5. Conclusion

附：该论文目录CONTENTS

1. Introduction

1.1 Rational and Objective of the Study

1.2 Organization of the Paper

2.Theoretical Foundation of Verbal Irony Study: A Pragmatic Approach

2.1 Description of Verbal Irony

2.2 Gricean Perspectives—Irony as Conversational Implicature

2.3 Post-Gricean perspective—Irony as Echoic Mentioning

3. Verbal Irony and the Responses in Public Debate

3.1 Assumptions and Expectations

3.2 Introduction to American Public Presidential Debate (APPD) and the Debate Extract

Analyzed

3.3 Analysis Based on EMT

4. Conclusion

4.1 Findings in EMT Application—Uncertainty

4.1.1 Uncertainty in Identifying Verbal Irony

4.1.2 Uncertainty in Justifying the Working Mechanism

4.2 Tentative Suggestion—Pragmatics with Lights from the Rhetorical Perspective

4.3 Last Remarks

附：该论文目录CONTENTS

1. Introduction

1.1Rationale

1.2 Literature Review

1.3 The Organization of the Thesis

2. Theoretical F oundations of D omestication and F oreignization

2.1 Domestication and Foreignization

2.1.1 Definitions of Domestication and Foreignization

2.1.2 Functions of Domestication and Foreignization

2.1.2.1 Function of Domestication

2.1.2.2 Function of Foreignization

2.2 Political News