2020年高考英语二轮复习 介词学案

学习目标：复习介词短语在句中可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

学习重点：介词短语的应用

主要介词区别

1．表示时间的at，in，on：

at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 a.m. 常用词组有：at dawn, at noon，at night，at midnight，at the end of，at that time， at Christmas，at New Year 等。

in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning/afternoon/evening，in October，in 1998，in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future等。

on指特定的日子，时间：on Monday，on Christmas Eve, on May Day，on a warm morning, on September 12, on that day等。

2．表示时间的since和from：

since “自从…以来”，常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时连用。

from “自…起”，一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./We have not seen each other since 1995．3．表示时间的in和after：

in+时间段，一般用于将来时。如：We' II be back in three days.

after+时间段，一般用于过去时。如： After two months he returned.

注意：after+时间点,可用于过去时和将来时。如：After seven the rain began to fall. / What shall we do after graduation?

4．表示方位的in，on，to：

in表示“在…内”， Beijing is in the north of China.

on指“与…接壤，在河/江畔”， Korea lies on the east of China

to指在境外某方向，只强调方向Japan lies to the east of China．

5．表示“在……上”的on和in：

on只表示在某物的表面上，如：There is a book on the piece of paper.

in表示占去某物一部分，如： There is an interesting article in the newspaper. / He dug a hole in the wall.

6．表示“穿过……”的through, over和across：

through 指在内部穿过，

across则指在表面上的横穿，

over指在上方过去，跨越。如：The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.

7．In the end，at the end of，by the end of

in the end意为“最后”、“终于”；如： In the end they reached a place of safety

at the end of表示“在…末梢”，“到…尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体；如：

At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.

They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.

by the end of作“到…末为止”解，只能指时间，如：By the end of last month he had finished the novel.

8．between，among：

between一般表示两者之间。如：You are to sit between your father and me among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：. The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd.

注意：有时虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调两两相互间接关系，仍用between。

如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈事物

间的差别时，总是用between。如：They don’t know the difference between

wheat, oats and barley．

9．besides，except，but，except for：

besides指“除了……还有”。如：Two foreign teachers were present at the meeting besides Smith．；

except指“除…外”，不能放在句首。如：We go to school every day except Sunday．but与except意思相近, 常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything ,no等词和其他疑问词后面。如：Who but a fool would do such a thing? except for表示“如无……就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.

10．表示用工具和手段的by, in, with：

by表用工具(by train / land / hand / email…)或手段(by reading…)，其后的名词前不带冠词；

with表用工具(with a pencil / our eyes)，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词修饰；in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等(in pencil/English/a low voice…)

11．as，like：

as指身份、资格，意为“作为”。如：Let me speak to you as a father.(事实是父亲)

like作“象……一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father．(事实上不是父亲)。

12．as, with都有“随着…”之意。

as为连词，后接从句。如：As the day went on, the weather got worse

with为介词，后接名词或代词。. 如：With spring coming on, the weather gets warmer.

实战演练

一、介词比较精练，用适当的介词填空

1. 1) __________ the night of May 4th, my good friend left for Canada.

2) __________ night you can see the stars twinkle in the sky.

3) __________ Sunday morning/a cold morning Marie was woken up by a loud noise.

4) __________ the morning she often has milk and some bread for breakfast.

5) __________ the 1970s we had a hard time.

2. 1) Kate is writing __________ a friend of hers.

2) Kate is writing __________ a piece of paper.

3) Kate is writing __________ blue ink.

4) Kate is writing __________ a piece of chalk on the blackboard.

5) Kate is writing a letter __________ an old man who can’t write.

3. 1) We all passed the exam ________ the end.

2) We had finished learning five books __________ the end of last term.

3) We will hold a party ___________ the end of this term.

4. 1) The apples ________ the tree are ripe.

2) The birds _________ the tree are singing merrily.

3) There is a map of China _________ the back wall.

4) There is a small hole ____________ the wall.

5. 1) China lies __________ the west of Japan.

2) Canada lies _________ the north of the USA.

3) Canada lies _________ the north of North America.

6. 1) He can do everything __________ cooking.

2) He can speak two other languages __________ English.

3) He did nothing _________ watch TV all day.

4) The road was empty _________ _________ several cars at that time.

7. 1) The man tried to walk __________ the big rock.

2) The man walked __________ the road and got on a bus.

3) The man saw some beautiful birds when walking __________ the woods.

8. 1) There is no secret _________ you and me.

2) You are the tallest ___________ my friends.

3) There is a break ____________ classes.

9. 1) ________ time passed, things seemed to get worse.

2) _______ time going by, he knows more and more.

10. 1) He will leave for Korea _________ three days.

2) He went to Beijing and returned ___________ three days.

3) He will be back ___________ 3 p.m.

4) He has lived in Paris __________ three years ago.

5) It kept raining heavily ___________ Monday _________ Wednesday.

二、精典考题

1. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _______ a chair.

A. on

B. off

C. into

D. to

2. If you really have to leave during the meeting, you’d better leave ____ the back door.

A. for

B. by

C. across

D. out

3. A great man shows his greatness ________ the way he treats little men.

A. under

B. with

C. on

D. by

4. I like Mr. Miner’s speech; it was clear and___the point.

A. at

B. on

C. to

D. of

5 Let’s learn to use the problem we are facing _________ a stepping-stone to future success.

A. to

B. for

C. as

D. by

6.（2020;2020陕西，19）Elizabeth has already achieved success ___ her wildest

dreams.

A. at

B. beyond

C. within

D. upon

7.（2020;2020上海，25）The two sportsmen congratulated each other ______ winning the match by shaking hands.

A. with

B. on

C. in

D. to