英语国际音标发音讲解

英语国际音标发音

一、英语字母与英语音素：

1.英语中有26个字母，其中5个元音字母：a, e, i, o, u。它们的音标分别是：/ei/, /i:/, /ai/, / ?? /, /ju:/。剩下的21个字母都是辅音字母。

2. 英语音素：48个。元音音素：20个，辅音音素：28个。

3. 元音音素：12个单元音，8个双元音。

4. 单元音：

前元音：/i:/ /I/ /e/ /?/

中元音：/?/ / ?: / /?/

后元音 : / / ? / /u: / /?/ / ɑ:/

5. 双元音：

合口双元音：/ɑ?/ /??/ /ɑI/ /?I/ /eI/

集中双元音：/I?/ /e?/ /??/

6. 辅音：

英语爆破辅音：/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/

英语摩擦辅音：/f/ /v/ /?/ /e/ /s/ /z/ /?/ /?/ /h/ /r/

英语破擦辅音：/?/ /?/

英语鼻音辅音：/m/ /n/ /?/

英语舌侧辅音：/ l/ /?/

英语半元音：/w/ /j/

英语辅音连缀： /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/

二、英语音素与练习：

（1）元音音素：

1. 单元音：

前元音：

/i:/：me, he, be, bee, see, sea, tea, she, tree, three, eat, meat, meet, green, jeans, between, teenager, fifteen, meal, sheep, east, need,

feel, peach, each, teach, teacher, meter, sweet, see, week, weak,

weekend, read, fever, clean, easy, speech, feed, leave, agree, keep,

people, free, speak, season, reason,

/I/ : in, this, will, his, six, miss, pink, sing, ill, kill, still, ticket, sit, it, bit, pick, sick, did, chick, lip, fish, milk, swim, ship, quick, lip, big, fill,

pig, sister, dinner, wind, window, skipping, clinic, thin, rich, busy,

wish, dish, finish, little, sing, spring, city, delicious

/e/ : get, let, pet, desk, yes, chess, next, text, best, met, pen, pencil, bed, west, guest, tennis, egg, red, net, rest, set, test, wet, lend, mend,

tell, well, fell, letter, sweater, head, bench, bread, , ten, seven,

end, medicine, help, check, yes, then, menu, never, ever, lesson,

very, says, said, many,any

/?/： fat, map, and, land, man, plan, bag, cat, apple, fan, Japan, dad, sad, sand, lad, stamp, black, hat, cap, ambulance, angry, have,

catch, carry, stand, travel, hand, rabbit, animal, lamp, cabbage,

family, dragon, Africa, bank, Saturday, can, candy, camera, act,

happy, candle, than, that, thank, glad, matter, bad, happen,

handsome, math, taxi,

中元音：

/?/ ：but, come, cut, must, bus, us, up, color, mother, such, uncle, duck, luck, lucky, fun, funny, sun, sunny, love, worry, son, brother,

other, another, study, lunch, Sunday, under, umbrella, number,

nothing, wonderful, run, running, young, cover, above, money,

much, cup, cousin, monkey, Monday, summer, brush, trouble,

something, some, just, supper, country,

/?:/ ：girl, shirt, bird, skirt, nurse, work, worker, first, thirteen, third, thirty, dirty, thirsty, worth, birth, birthday, circle, world, her, early, turn, person, Thursday, worm, prefer, certain, temperature, heard,

learn, earth,

/?/： teacher, mother, father, sister, brother, farmer, driver, singer, dancer, worker, answer, under, visitor, waiter, writer, bigger,

winter, soldier, meter, theater, manager, cleaner, ruler, eraser,

woman, picture, future, camera, tiger, actor, China, number, after, 后元音：

/?: / ：four, for, short, door, floor, more, before, wall, call, all, tall, ball, draw, saw, horse, or, daughter, report, reporter, boring, warm,

talk, your, north, forty, sport, autumn, fall, important, bought,

thought, ought, because, corn, corner, born, store, score,

/ ? / ：box, dog, doctor, doll, often, lot, top, boss, chopstick, shop, job, sock, office, coffee, got, golf, long, hospital, orange, lost, bottle,

crocodile, tomorrow, borrow, cost, hot, on, wash, watch, song,

follow, what, stop, fox, frog, wallet, not, sorry,

/u: / ：too, zoo, room, pool, food, goose, tooth, school, stool, soon, moon, kangaroo, cool, noon, tool, fool, broom, cartoon, choose,

shoot, afternoon, juice, blue, noodles, true, truth, fruit, shoes,

through, lose, group, do, ruler, two,

/?/ ：good, cook, took, book, foot, stood, wood, look, wool, classroom, bathroom, bedroom, mushroom, boyhood, woman, put, full,

notebook, could, would, should, wolf, sugar, push,

oo字母组合发短音的常见8个单词：

A good cook took a book, his foot stood by the wood and looked.

好厨师拿书，脚站树林看。

/ ɑ:/：far, father, glass, grass, garden, car, farm, farmer, large, ask, fast, bath, party, arm, are, star, start, bar, part, heart, dark, last, park,

guitar, giraffe, market, card, banana, basket, basketball, class,

hard, art, artist, pass, park, laugh,

2. 双元音：

合口双元音：

/eI/ ：table, plate, cake, radio, beefsteak, take, make, same, name,

play, great, stay, day, say, today, birthday, may, place, space,

eight, wait, waiter, maybe, pain, again, save, way, always, case,

gray, afraid,

/??/ ：go, ago, so, no, nose, home, those, rose, hope, alone, potato, tomato, boat, goat, coat, tomorrow, row, oh, OK, kilo, lonely,

know, piano, yellow, grow, bowl, own, show, low, cold, /ɑI/ ：I, kite, bike, white, five, knife, ice, rice, nice, write, Mike, mice, time, nine, while, eye, sky, pie, lie, die, light, right, night, fly, my,

mind, quite, cry, buy, tired, fine,

/ɑ?/ ：house, cow, how, now, down, about, out, mouse, flower, blouse, sound, mountain, count, hour, ground, found, round, brown,

crowd,

/?I/ ：boy, toy, coin, oil, boil, noise, point, joy, join, enjoy, voice, choice

集中双元音：

/I?/ ：ear, deer, dear, here, hear, tear, beer, theater, museum, clear,

year, cheer, appear, serious, fear, near, engineer,

/e?/ ：pear, pair, air, airport, chair, hair, fair, square, care, careful,

there, bear, where, wear, their, theirs,

/??/：poor, sure, tour, tourist, jewel, cruel, Europe,

（2）辅音音素：

1.清辅成对辅音(20个)：

[p]-[b] [t]-[d] [k]-[g] [f]-[v] [s]-[z] [θ]-[e] [?]-[?] [ts]-[dz] [t?]-[d?] [tr]-[dr] /p/: pen map help cheap pencil paper apple happy appear

/b/: bag by bed boy bus blue rabbit cabbage

/t/: ten time not get table bottle bottom little pretty watched washed

/d/: desk door day dog add daddy middle played cleaned

climbed answered

/k/: cat come cut clock cry picture school Christmas chemistry book

bike cake kite Kate look

/g/: go girl big get egg bigger biggest guess great glad game golf again glass grass goat God dog goal

/f/: five fish fine family fifteen photo phone elephant laugh enough off coffee

/v/: very five have of leave voice visit visitor themselves

/s/: nice city cycle sit six some bus use us desk books miss class /z/: is his please music lose husband apples leaves thieves knives size exercise prize zoo reason

/θ/: three thank month thin thought three throw tooth teeth south north month mouth through

/e/: this the with than breathe though mother father there that these those

/?/: she shoe short shop wash sure Asia special sufficient delicious /?/: usually television pleasure garage

/ts/: shirts hurts co ats costs goats Let’s kites gates dates pizza

/dz/: beds birds hands friends decides

/t?/: chair much lunch China watch picture question teach teacher rich future each reach

/d?/: age page huge orange gentle gentleman general bridge porridge judge jump jacket just June Jim sandwich

/tr/: tree trip try true truth train

/dr/: dress drive hundred children drink dry draw dream

2.单个辅音（8个）：

/h/: he her have hand head hair who whom whose hard home hello

/r/: red right three sorry worry hurry carry carrot write wrong

/l/: let look please lake people tell full till bell

/m/: man meat meet time common communicate climb lamb autumn

/n/: name nice nine near under know knife Ann

/?/: sing long young morning thank think ink pink English

/w/: we window work walk what why where white

/j/: yes you year yellow young onion review million billion Europe 三、开音节与闭音节：

一、开音节：

1. 分类：

开音节分两种，一种叫绝对开音节，一种叫相对开音节。

①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅音字母的重读音节。例如：

no she he we by ...

②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e 构成的重读音节。例如：

name these bike home excuse like ...

2. 元音字母在开音节中的读音：

①绝对开音节：

以一个元音字母结尾的重读音节。这个元音字母在单词中发它在字母表中的音，即它本身的读音。如：no, he。

②相对开音节：

在含有一个元音字母的重读音节中，在元音字母后有一个辅音字母(r 除外)与一个不发音的字母e，也是开音节。这个元音字母发它本身的音。可以用辅+元+辅+e来记住。如：name, fine。

3. 发音练习：

①绝对开音节：

ta-ble po-ta-to ba-by la-dy A-my

na-tion

he me we be she se-cret

hi Chi-na bi-cycle

no so hel-lo go so-fa (do, to除外）

me-nu stu-dent mu-sic u-sually

— 3. 发音练习：

—②相对开音节：

—name same take late fame race date hate

— cake gate age wave save table (have例外）

—these Chi-nese Japa-nese theme scene

— comp-lete

—fine line mine time kite bike nice rise

— de-cide nine like ice drive twice wise

—rose hope nose hope phone home

—huge use ex-cuse

二、闭音节：

—含有一个元音字母，并以辅音字母(r, w除外)结尾的重读音节为闭音节。—例：map，desk，is。

—在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。

—英语重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音音素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节比如apple 划音节就应该是ap/ple 前面那个ap 是一个音节以辅音音素结尾就是闭音节。

—重读闭音节就要双写.重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音.

—如:sit---sitting

—begin---beginning(重读在gin这个音节上，相当与把gin改成双写的) —put---putting

—swim---swimming

—shop---shopping