高考英语总复习之语法专项讲解5.doc
2.在句首的数目多用文字表示:
a. One hundred and two voters are against the project.
3.基数词的复数形式多用文字表示:
a. There are three twos in six. 6之内有三个2.
b. He became famous in his fifties.
第五章：冠词
不定冠词
不定冠词用于名词之前, 表示“一个” “一类”.a用于一般名词之前, an用于发音以元音音素开头的词之前(不是以元音字母开头), 如: an apple, an hour, a university.
一.不定冠词的用法:
1.第一次提到某人某事某物时, 用a / an起介绍作用
a. What is he? He is a teacher.
b. There is a new book on the table.
2.概括人或事物的整体, 表示一类, 即以其中的一个代表一类时用a / an
a. A bike is very useful in the countryside.
b. An elephant is stronger than a horse.
3.a / an用于某些词组, 是词组不可缺少的组成部分, 如: go out for a walk, a long time, a few, a mouthful, have a talk, as a result, in a hurry
4.a表示“每一”之意, 用于表示时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前, 如: three times a day每天三次
a. The eggs are five yuan a dozen.
b. We have English lessons five times a week.
5.a用于抽象名词之前表示具体介绍. “a+抽象名词”起具体化的作用, 表示“一个什么样的人/事/物”
a. This little boy is a joy to his parents.
b. This book is a great help to me.
c. The party is a great success.
d. It is a pleasure to talk with you.
6.用在称呼之前, 表示“某个”, 如: a Mr. Wang一个姓王的人
7.and连接两个名词, 若分别加a / an, 表示两个人或物; 若只在第一个名词前加a / an, 则表示一个人或物, 如: a black and white horse一匹黑白相间的马; a black and a white horse一匹黑马和一匹白马;
a. He a teacher and writer.他是位教师兼作家
8.在“of a / an +名词”结构中, a / an表示“同一个”意思, 相当于the same
a. He and I are of an age.他和我同龄
b. The two pairs of shoes are of a size.两双鞋同尺码
二.不定冠词的位置: 一般情况下, 不定冠词a / an位于其他形容词之前, 但在下列情况下, 不定冠词后移
1.a / an位于such, many, what, half等词之后
a. Half a month has passed.
b. He is such a nice man. / He is so nice a man.
2.在有些感叹句中, a / an位于形容词之后
a. How nice a man you are !
3.在形容词比较句中
a. He is as great a man as ever lived.
b. This is more valuable an idea than the others.
4.副词too, quite, rather等修饰形容词时, a位于该副词之后
a. That is quite a sudden change.
b. We got rather a surprising result. (也可以说: a rather surprising result)
定冠词
一.不用定冠词的地方:
1.复数可数名词或不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时, 不用the
a. Horses are animals.
b. I like flowers.
c. Milk is white.
d. Mr. Smith likes to have rice for dinner.
e. Chairs are usually made of wood.
2.国名,人名前不用the, 如: China, Japan, Mary, Henry
3.在表示称呼的名词(与人名,专有名词连用)之前不用the, 如: Mr. Brown, Miss Green
4.在表示公园,火车站的名词前不用the, 如: Beihai park, Zhongshan Park, Beijing Railway Station
5.在表示三餐的名词之前不用the
a. Let’s go out to dinner.
6.表示职务,头衔的名词在句中作同位语,补语,表语时, 其前不用the
a. He is elected monitor of our class.
b. People elected him president of that country last year.
7.在某些习惯用语中的名词前不用the, 以具体名词表示抽象概念, 如: at home, at first, by bus, by train, go to bed, go to school, in bed, in time
a. The thief was thrown into prison.
b. Before I go to bed, I’d like to have a cup of tea.
c. Shall we go by plane or by train?
d. The teacher asked us not to talk to each other in class.
8.在表示体育运动, 娱乐活动的名词前不用the, 如: play basketball / football, play chess, play cards, play piano
9.在表示日期, 星期, 月份, 季节, 节假日等时间的名词之前不用the.
a. We have class from Monday to Saturday.
b. Does your brother like skating in winter?
c. March is the third month of a year.
10.当名词前己有指示代词( this, that, these, those ), 物主代词, 所有格及every, some, any, no等不定代词修饰时, 便不再用the
11.在turn (变为,变得)之后作表语的名词前不用冠词
a. He used to be a teacher, but now has turned writer.
12.as引出的表示让步意义的倒装句中, 最高级前不用the, 泛指的名词前不用a / an
a. Best student as he is (= Though he is the best student), he is always modest.
b. Child as he is ( =Though he is a child ), the boy knows a lot.
13.表示西方节日的名词前一般不用冠词, 但仅中国有的传统节日名称前常用the, 中国传统节日如: the
Spring Festival春节, the Lantern Festival元宵节, the Mid-autumn Festival中秋节
a. How did you celebrate May Day this year ?
二.哪些地方要用定冠词:
1.在表示前面己说过的人或事物的名词之前加the
a. I bought a book yesterday. The book is now on the desk.
b. I got a letter yesterday. The letter was from my father.
2.在表示说话人与听话人都知道的共同所指的事物前加the
a. Shut the door, please.
b. Boy and girls, look at the blackboard please.
3.在表示一般意义的名词前加the表示特指
a. He drinks milk everyday. The milk on the table is his.
4.在序数词之前加the, 如: the first one, the last one, the second floor of the building
5.the用来指整体
a. The train goes faster than the bus.
b. They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)
c. They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)
6.用定语从句或of词组修饰的名词之前用the
a. The boy who you saw just now is my brother.
b. Do you remember the name of the city?
c. The story we heard over the radio was very interesting.
7.在表示方向, 方位等的名词前用the, 如: on the left, in the south, at the back of the classroom
8.在表示西洋乐器的名词前用the, 如: play the piano / the violin, 中国民族乐器前不用the, 如:
a. He played Erhu (二胡) very well.
9.形容词或副词最高级之前加the, 副词最高级前的the可以省略
a. Who does the homework (the) most carefully in your class?
b. Tom is the tallest of the three children.
10.在表示江, 河, 海洋, 海峡, 海湾, 群岛, 山脉的专有名词前加the, 如: the Yellow River, the Himalayas喜马拉雅山, the Red Sea红海, the Alps阿尔卑斯山, the Taiwan strait 台湾海峡
11.表示海岛, 山峰, 湖泊等的名词前一般不用the, 如: Taiwan island, Lake Michigan
12.在表示宇宙间独一无二的天体名词前用the, 如: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth, the world
13.在表示报刊, 杂志, 会议, 条约的名词前用the, 如: the People’s Daily, the 15th Party Congress党的十五大, the Atlantic Pact大西洋条约, the Times
14.由普通名词构成的某些专有名词前要加the, 如: the Summer Palace, the Palace Museum, the Yanjin Hotel, the People’s Republic of China, the United Nations, the Chinese Communist Party
15.表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇”的专有名词之前要加the
a. The Browns are at home to visitors today.
b. The Whites are going on a trip next week.
16.the + adj表示一类人, 如: the rich富人, the poor, the wounded伤者
17.the用于表示语法名称的名词前, 如: the past tense, the past participle, the gerund
18.the用在地名或人名前, 指“与该地该人相似的地方或人”
a. He is the Edison of today.他是现代的爱迪生
b. Shanghai is the New York of China.上海就是中国的纽约
19.用在形容词only, very (正是,恰是), same (同样的)等之前用the
a. She is the only girl in the family.
b. That is the very book I’ve been looking for.
c. We go to the same school.
20.在一些固定结构中, the用在表人的身体部位的名词前
a. Tom beat him in the face.
b. He took the boy by the hand.
c. The farmer led the cow by the nose.
21.用在表年代, 朝代, 时代的名词前, 如: the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn period春秋时期, in the 30’s
22.the +比较级表示两者当中“较…的那个”
a. Who is the more beautiful of the two girls ?
冠词的使用中要注意的问题:
1.专有名词可以加不定冠词或定冠词来指出一时的或新的一种概念
a. The China ruled by the “gang of four” is gone. A new China will be born.
2.多个限定词修饰一个名词时, 冠词一般居于首位, 但少数结构特殊, 如: all / both / half + the + n.; such / quite / what + a(n) +adj.+ n.; so / how / too / as + adj + a(n) + n., 如: all the students, half the time, such a nice boy, quite a long time, what a good teacher, so nice a boy, too difficult a problem
最新高考英语语法知识讲解(完整版)
高考英语语法知识讲解 (名师详细讲解语法+配套实战练习，零基础也可以学 好英语，建议下载保存) (绝对精品文档，价值很高，值得下载打印收藏) (每天背诵提高英语语感。零基础学英语，每天进步一 点点！)
第一讲座：名词---基础篇 一、名词的复数： 1. 名词变复数的规则形式： 1). 一般情况下直接加s：book------books cup-----cups 2). 以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es： city-------cities family-----families 3). 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es： bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------watches 4). 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es： tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes Negroes 5). 以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es： leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves 2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的： man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice 3. 单数和复数形式相同： deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 4. 某国人的复数： 1). 中、日不变：Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 2). 英、法变：Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen 3).其余s加后面：American-----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians 二、不可数名词： 1. 不可数名词： 1). 不能直接用数字表数量；2). 不能直接加a或an；3). 没有复数形式； 4). 可用some、any、lots of、plenty of、much 修饰；5). 可用“量词短语”表示； 2. 不可数名词的数量的表示方法：a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词： a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk 三、名词的所有格： 1. ’s 所有格：
高考英语语法必考知识点
名词性从句 区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。 需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成 份时，指人用指物用不缺意思和成份时用That只有在宾语从句中可以省略。 引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。 ◆____we can’t get∧seems better than ____ we have∧. A. What; what B. what; that C. That; that D. That; what 本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是A。 ◆____ ∧caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 该题答案是A，what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）： 〖2011江西卷〗The villagers have already known we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A．this B．that C．what D．which 考察宾语从句和主语从句。村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥，后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少主语且指物，所以选择what。答案：C 〖2011四川卷〗Our teachers always tell us to believe in we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which in介词后面接宾语从句，且从句中缺do的宾语，故选C项。why、how在句中作状语；which在名词性从句中作定语。选C. 〖2011陕西卷〗I’d like to start my own business –that’s I’d do if I had the money. A.why B.when C.which D.what 所填词引导的从句位于系动词之后，是表语从句，所填词在从句中做宾语，指物，用what，选D。其余选项与题意不符。 〖2011北京卷〗Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 考察名词性从句中的主语从句。主语从句中缺少offer的宾语，选择what。
2019年高考英语语法填空专题复习(含答案)
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专题一定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词 2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 C、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 3、but用作关系代词，相当于who/that…not 例：In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng. 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。 5、当先行词是数词时. 6、当先行词既指人又指物时。 7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。 8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。 9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。 10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。
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