五花八门的中文头衔如何翻译成英语

五花八门的中文头衔如何翻译成英语
五花八门的中文头衔如何翻译成英语

五花八门的中文头衔如何翻译成英语(也是醉了)

在外事接待活动中,译员首先面临的一道难题是头衔的口译。头衔代表了一个人的职位和身份,体现了一个人的资历和地位。头衔的误译不仅是对有关人员的不尊重,而且也会产生种种不良的后果。

一种称谓语很可能表示多种头衔,例如,英语的president,译成汉语时可视具体情况分别译作总统、国家主席、大学的校长、学院的院长、学会或协会的会长或主席、公司的总裁或董事长等等。

一般说来,各类机构或组织首长的汉语头衔译成英语时可套用通用词head,但从比较严格的意义上看,应根据实际情况使用特定的、规范的译法。例如:

校长(大学)President of Peking University

校长(中小学)Principal / Headmaster of Donghai Middle School

院长(大学下属)Dean of the Graduate School

系主任(大学学院下属)Chair/Chairman of the English Department

会长/主席(学会/协会)President of the Student Union, Shanghai University

厂长(企业)Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant

院长(医院)President of Huadong Hospital

主任(中心)Director of the Business Center

主任(行政)Director of Foreign Affairs Office

董事长(企业)President/Chairman of the Board of Directors

董事长(学校)President/Chairman of the Board of Trustees

首席长官的汉语头衔常以“总……”表示,而表示首席长官的英语头衔则常带有chief, general, head , managing 这类词,因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时,需遵循英语的表达习惯:

总书记general secretary

总工程师chief engineer

总会计师chief accountant

总建筑师chief architect

总编辑chief editor; editor-in-chief; managing editor

总出纳chief cashier; general cashier

总裁判chief referee

总经理general manager; managing director; executive head

总代理general agent

总教练head coach

总导演head director

总干事secretary-general

总指挥commander-in-chief; generalissimo

总领事consul-general

总监chief inspector; inspector-general

总厨head cook; chef

有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译,可以用一些通用的头衔词表示,例如下列机构的负责人可以用director, head或chief来表示:

司(部属)department

厅(省属)department

署(省属)office(行署为administrative office)

局bureau

所institute

处division

科section

股section

室office

教研室teaching and research office / teaching and research section

例如:局长director of the bureau; head of the bureau; bureau chief

国务院the State Council 属下的部为ministry,所以其部长叫作minister。

另外,公署专员叫作commissioner。

汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字,英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况决定,可选择vice, associate, assistant, deputy等词。相对而言,vice使用面较广,例如:

副总统(或大学副校长等)vice president

副主席(或系副主任等)vice chairman

副总理vice premier

副部长vice minister

副省长vice governor

副市长vice mayor

副领事vice consul

副校长(中小学)vice principal

行政职务的副职头衔与学术头衔的“副”职称往往用不同的词表达,最为常用的英语词是associate,例如:

副教授associate professor

副研究员associate research fellow

副主编associate managing editor

副编审associate senior editor

副审判长associate judge

副译审associate senior translator

副主任医师associate senior doctor / associate chief physician

有些英语职位头衔,如manager和headmaster,其副职头衔可冠以assistant,例如:

副总经理assistant / deputy general manager; assistant / deputy managing director

大堂副理(宾馆)assistant manager

副校长(中小学)assistant headmaster

以director表示的职位的副职常以deputy director表示。此外,secretary, mayor, dean等头衔的副职也可冠以deputy,例如:

副秘书长deputy secretary-general

副书记deputy secretary

副市长deputy mayor

副院长deputy dean

学术头衔系列除了含“正”“副”级别的高级职称和中级职称外,还有初级职称如“助理”,“助理”常用assistant来表示,例如:

助理教授assistant professor

助理研究员assistant research fellow

助理工程师assistant engineer

助理编辑assistant editor

助理教练assistant coach

助理农艺师assistant agronomist

还有一些行业的头衔,其高级职称不用“正”或“副”表示,而直接用“高级”或“资深”来表示,我们可以用senior来表示,例如:

高级编辑senior editor

高级工程师senior engineer

高级记者senior reporter

高级讲师senior lecturer

高级教师senior teacher

高级农艺师senior agronomist

有一些行业的职称或职务系列中,最高级别的职位冠以“首席”一词,英语常用chief来表示:

首席执行官chief executive officer (CEO)

首席法官chief judge

首席顾问chief advisor

首席检察官chief inspector / prosecutor

首席仲裁员chief arbitrator

首席监事chief supervisor

首席播音员chief announcer / broadcaster

首席代表chief representative

首席记者chief correspondent

除了用“总”、“高级”、“首席”等词语来表示一些机构或行业的最高级职务之外,还有一些高级职务则使用带“长”字的头衔,例如:

检察长procurator-general;chief procurator

审判长presiding judge;chief judge

护士长head nurse

秘书长secretary-general

参谋长chief of staff

厨师长head cook;chef

有些头衔含诸如“代理”、“常务”、“执行”、“名誉”这类称谓,例如:代理市长,代理总理,代理主任,常务理事,常务副校长,执行主席,执行主任,执行秘书名誉校长,名誉会长...... 一般说来,“代理”可译作acting,例如:

代理市长acting mayor

代理总理acting premier

代理主任acting director

“常务”可以managing表示,例如:

常务理事managing director

常务副校长managing vice president(亦可作first vice mayor)

“执行”可译作executive,例如:

执行主任executive director

执行秘书executive secretary

执行主席executive chairman(也可译作presiding chairman)

“名誉”译为honorary,例如:

名誉校长honorary president / principal

名誉主席、会长honorary chairman / president(也可用emeritus 表示,如emeritus chairman / president)

有些职称或职务带有“主任”、“主治”、“特级”、“特派”、“特约”等头衔,英译不尽相同,例如:

主任编辑associate senior editor

主任秘书chief secretary

主任医师senior doctor; chief physician

主任护士senior nurse

主治医师attending / chief doctor; physician; consultant

特级教师special-grade senior teacher

特派记者accredited correspondent; special correspondent

特派员/专员commissioner

特约编辑contributing editor

特约记者special correspondent

许多职称、职务的头衔其英语表达难以归类,需要日积月累,逐步记录在自己的翻译语料库中。以下列举其中一部分:

办公室主任office manager (如“校长办公室主任”manager of president's office)

财务主任treasurer

车间主任workshop manager / director

编审senior editor

博导(博士生导师)doctoral advisor; doctoral supervisor

硕士生导师master tutor

客座教授visiting professor

院士academician

译审senior translator

村长village head

领班captain;foreman;gaffer

经纪人broker

税务员tax collector

股票交易员stock dealer

红马夹(证券交易员) floor broker

业务经理service/business/operation manager

住院医生resident; resident physician

国际大师international master

注册会计师certified public accountant

我国有一些常见的荣誉称号(honorary title)在许多英语国家没有对应的表达语,现列举部分英译供参考:

标兵pacemaker; pacesetter

学习标兵student pacemaker; model student

劳动模范model worker

模范教师model teacher

优秀教师excellent teacher

优秀员工outstanding employee; employee of the month / year

青年标兵model youth / youth pacemaker

三好学生"triple-A" outstanding student; outstanding student 三八妇女红旗手outstanding woman pacemaker

英文翻译中文

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[转] 英语中常见的123个中国成语写作就不用愁字数啦 1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜 white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad

英文翻译成中文

第四部分翻译 Part Ⅰ英译汉 练习: Unit 1 1.年轻时,他对学业漫不经心,加之他一直不愿考虑运动员以外的职业,到这时候,这一切终于给他带来了不幸。 2.护士们对不得不日复一日地参与欺骗病人的做法也许深恶痛绝,但要抵制却感到无能为力。 3.我不会在初版的《失乐园》上乱写乱画,就像我不会把一幅伦勃朗的原作连同一套蜡笔交给我的婴儿任意涂抹一样。 4.只有假设地球表面呈曲线状,这一现象才能得到解释。 5.鹿减少生存所需的能耗以增加越冬生存的机会,从生物学的角度看是合情合理的。 6.不论好坏,不论是何结果,美国人不仅会一概接受,还要去铲除那些反对者,尽管对于成千上万的人来说,这决定与自己的意愿背道而驰。 7.你可曾为了接电话在洗澡时从浴室冲出来,或是嚼着饭从饭桌旁站起来,或是昏昏沉沉的从床上爬起来,而结果却是有人打错了。 8.实际上,大把花钱的满足感大于商品本身带给他们的乐趣。 9.但是蓝色也可以表示伤感(我很伤感),白色常代表纯洁,尽管在中国,人们在婚礼上穿白的,在葬礼上穿黑的。 10. 晚上十点到十二点,美国处在权力真空状态——除了纽约广播公司总部和两家大的新闻机构之外,全国范围内就再没有别的信息中心。 Unit 2 1) 1800年英国与法国之间将爆发一场持续15后的大战。 2) 我相信,到1816年,英国将在滑铁卢村附近赢得一场伟大战役的胜利。 3) 然而,到1870年,对于英国来说,德国将成为一个比法国更具危险性的国家。 4) 在20世纪初,俄国、美国和日本将成为大国,而英国将不再是世界上最强大的国家了。 5) 反过来,农民的业绩大小取决于农业的组织形式,经济环境,市场结构这些与之息息相关的因素。 6) 他被接回来时,不停地跟人讲,一些可怕的怪物瞪着眼睛盯着他,把他带到了一个宇宙飞船上。 7) 烫伤大多数发生在老人和孩子身上,往往是由于浴室里水温太高而造成的。 8) 尽量多地了解可能发生的事情,这样你可以提前做好准备。 9) 市场的变化迫使很多网站关闭,而其它网站也仅是勉强维持。 10)因为在农民生产率低下的国家,需要劳动人口中大多数人种粮食,因此就没有多少人从事投资货物的生产或进行经济增长所必须的其它活动。 Unit 3 1. 在牛顿之前,亚里士多德已经发现物体的自然状态是静止的,除非有力作用于物体。所以运动着的物体会停下来。 2.人们在家中或是类似家的地方感觉最为亲密——和一个或几个亲近的人呆在一起——也就是在私人交谈的时候。 3.当一个人长时间在干道或高速公路上驾车行驶,就会存在两个问题:一是如何保持稳定的车速;二是如何确保他不撞上前面的车。 4.这个系统尤其适用于汽车拥挤的情况,因为电脑不仅能够控制车速,与前面车子的距离,还能够控制方向。

中文姓氏英文翻译

中文姓氏英文翻译 A: 艾--Ai 安--Ann/An 敖--Ao B: 巴--Pa 白--Pai 包/鲍--Paul/Pao 班--Pan 贝--Pei 毕--Pih 卞--Bein 卜/薄--Po/Pu 步--Poo 百里--Pai-li C: 蔡/柴--Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢--Chao/Chiao/Tsao 岑--Cheng 崔--Tsui 查--Cha 常--Chiong 车--Che 陈--Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程--Cheng 池--Chi 褚/楚--Chu 淳于--Chwen-yu D: 戴/代--Day/Tai 邓--Teng/Tang/Tung 狄--Ti 刁--Tiao 丁--Ting/T 董/东--Tung/Tong 窦--Tou 杜--To/Du/Too

段--Tuan 端木--Duan-mu 东郭--Tung-kuo 东方--Tung-fang E: F: 范/樊--Fan/Van 房/方--Fang 费--Fei 冯/凤/封--Fung/Fong 符/傅--Fu/Foo G: 盖--Kai 甘--Kan 高/郜--Gao/Kao 葛--Keh 耿--Keng 弓/宫/龚/恭--Kung 勾--Kou 古/谷/顾--Ku/Koo 桂--Kwei 管/关--Kuan/Kwan 郭/国--Kwok/Kuo 公孙--Kung-sun 公羊--Kung-yang 公冶--Kung-yeh 谷梁--Ku-liang H: 海--Hay 韩--Hon/Han 杭--Hang 郝--Hoa/Howe 何/贺--Ho 桓--Won 侯--Hou 洪--Hung 胡/扈--Hu/Hoo 花/华--Hua 宦--Huan 黄--Wong/Hwang

英语翻译中文

吉米不能马上适应去上班时没有父亲陪着,因此搬来纽约和我一起住了一段时间。我走到哪里他就跟到哪里,他好像适应得很好。但吉米依然想住在我父母的房子里,继续干他原来的工作。我答应把他送回去。此事最后做成了。如今,他在那里生活了11年,在许多人的照料下,同时依靠自己生活得有声有色。他已成了邻里间不可或缺的人物。如果你有邮件要收,或有狗要遛,他就是你所要的人。 Jimmy didn’t adjust to going to work without my father right away, so he came and lived with me in New York City for a while. He went wherever I went and seemed to adjust pretty well. Still, Jimmy longed to live in my parents’ house and work at his old job and I pledged to help him return. Eventually, I was able to work it out. He has lived there for 11 years now with many different caretakers and blossomed on his own. He has become essential to the neighborhood. When you have any mail to be picked up or your dog needs walking, he is your man. Unit2:para7 缺铁分为三个阶段:第一也即最常见的阶段,是铁质储量不足。这一阶段一般没有症状。 到了缺铁的第二阶段,就会出现疲倦和力不从心,此时体内已没有足够的铁来形成血蛋白分子,将氧输至运动肌肉。在第三即最后阶段,人常常感到虚弱、疲乏无力、喘不过气,运动成绩大打折扣。 There are three stages of iron deficiency. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, a condition that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in the second stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breath — and exercise performance is severely compromised. Unit3:para13 海德中学的课程与那些为升入大学做准备的传统学校所开设的课程相似,包括英语、历史、数学和自然科学。但所有的学生都必须选修表演艺术和体育,还要提供社区服务。在每门课程中,学生都会得到一个综合了学习成绩和“努力程度”的分数。在巴思市,97%的海德中学毕业生都升入了大学本科。 The Hyde curriculum is similar to conventional schools that provide preparation for college, complete with English, history, math and science. But all students are required to take performing arts and sports, and provide a community service. For each course, students get a grade for academic achievement and for "best effort". At Bath, 97% of the graduates attend four-year colleges. Unit4:para9 1930年,格兰特·伍德因其画作《美国哥特人》一举成名。此画体现了美国农民庄严的自豪,常常被人复制。画面展示了一位神色严肃的男子和一位女子站立在农舍之前。伍德深受中世纪艺术家的影响,他的灵感来自于一所古老农舍的哥特式窗户,但最令世界注目的是画中人物的脸。 Grant Wood instantly rose to fame in 1930 with his painting American Gothic, an often-copied interpretation of the solemn pride of American farmers. The painting shows a serious-looking man and a woman standing in front of a farmhouse. He was strongly influenced by medieval artists and inspired by the Gothic window of an old farmhouse, but the faces in his composition were what captured the world's attention. Unit5:paras.2、8 Para2:她屋里唯一的光线来自一台医疗设备,它闪着红光,似乎在发出警告。我站在那里,一股怪味刺激着我的鼻子,我想起了过去闻到过的腐烂的气味,我闭上了眼睛。我嘴里有一股从胃里返上来的酸味。我伸手去开灯。灯静静地照亮了整个病房,我走回病床边,用无动于衷的、医生的目光观察着病人。 Mrs. Clark is dying. She liesmotionless.The only light in her room is coming from a piece of medical equipment, which is flashing its red light as if in warning. As I stand there, the smell hits my nose, and I close my eyes as I remember the smell of decay from past experience. In my mouth I have a sour, vinegar taste coming from the pit of my stomach. I reach for the light switch, and as it silently lights the scene, I return to the bed to observe the patient with an unemotional, medical eye.

当英文情话翻译成中文,浪漫到极致!

当英文情话翻译成中文,浪漫到极致! 爱情太短,遗忘太长。 不是遗忘太长,而是根本无法遗忘。 不是无法遗忘,而是根本舍不得遗忘。 ——聂鲁达 这世界上总有有你如何努力 也不会和你在一起的人, 你曾经为了某些人写过情书吗? 写了多少封呢?送出去了吗?

爱你,有的人总嫌千言万语, 也不足以表达出自己心里的浓浓爱意; 有的人则爱在心口难开; 而有的人只需数行文字, 便足以剥开万千情思, 足以淋漓尽致,足以热烈缠绵。 因为他们觉得用三行字来表达自己的爱,便是“三行情书”的意义所在。 02 02 02

1 I love three things in the world . Sun,Moon and You. Sun for morning,Moon for night, and You forever. 浮世三千,吾爱有三。 日、月与卿。 日为朝,月为暮。 卿为朝朝暮暮。 2 I want to have a man heart

until my hair white not leave. 愿得一人心,白首不分离。 3 Because of you, I never stray too far from the sidewalk. Because of you, I learned to play on the safe side. Because of you, I find it hard to trust not only me, Because of you,I am afraid.

但为君故,不远陌上。 但为君故,惜身不徨。 但为君故,别无他信。 但为君故,诚恐如今。 4 Well,not that emotional, but I move the heart. 情如风雪无常,却是一动即伤。

中英文在线翻译

英文翻译中文在线翻译 英文翻译中文在线翻译 (一)促进经济平稳较快发展 1. Promoting steady and robust economic development 扩大内需特别是消费需求是我国经济长期平稳较快发展的根本立足点,是今年工作的重点。 Expanding domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, which is essential to ensuring China’s long -term, steady, and robust economic development, is the focus of our economic work this year. 着力扩大消费需求。加快构建扩大消费的长效机制。大力调整收入分配格局,增加中低收入者收入,提高居民消费能力。完善鼓励居民消费政策。大力发展社会化养老、家政、物业、医疗保健等服务业。鼓励文化、旅游、健身等消费,落实好带薪休假制度。积极发展网络购物等新型消费业态。支持引导环保建材、节水洁具、节能汽车等绿色消费。

扩大消费信贷。加强城乡流通体系和道路、停车场等基础设 施建设。加强产品质量安全监管。改善消费环境,维护消费 者合法权益。 We will work hard to expand consumer demand. We will move faster to set up a permanent mechanism for boosting consumption. Wewill vigorously adjust income distribution, increase the incomes of low-and middle- income groups, and enhance people ’s ability to consume. We will improve policies that encourage consumption. We will vigorously develop elderly care, domestic, property management, medical and healthcare services. We will encourage consumer spending on cultural activities, tourism, and fitness; and implement the system of paid vacations. We will actively develop new forms of consumption such as online shopping; support and guide the consumption of green goods such as environmentally friendly building materials, water-saving sanitation products, and energy-efficient vehicles; and expand consumer credit. We will improve the urban-rural logistics system and infrastructural facilities, such as roads and parking lots, strengthen supervision over product quality and

中文诗词英语翻译

面朝大海,春暖花开 ----海子 从明天起,做一个幸福的人 From tomorrow on,I will a happy person 喂马,劈柴,周游世界 Grooming,chopping,and traveling all over the world 从明天起,关心粮食和蔬菜 From tomorrow on,I will care foodstuff and vegetables 我有一所房子,面朝大海,春暖花开 I have a house,towards the sea,with spring flowers blossoming 从明天起,和每一个亲人通信 From tomorrow on,I will write to each of my dear ones 告诉他们我的幸福 Telling them of my happiness 那幸福的闪电告诉我的 What the lightening of blessedness has told me 我将告诉每一个人 I will spread it to each of them 给每一条河每一座山取一个温暖的名字 And give a warm name for every river and every mountain 陌生人,我也为你祝福 Strangers,I will also give you my well-wishing

愿你有一个灿烂的前程 May you have a brilliant future 愿你有情人终成眷属 May you lovers eventually become spouse 愿你在尘世获得幸福 May you enjoy happiness in this earthly world 我只愿面朝大海,春暖花开 I only wish to face the sea,with spring flowers blossoming In heaven let us be two birds flying ever together, and on earth two trees with branches interlocked forever. 在天愿做比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝。 A Young idler,an old beggar 少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲 Where, before me, are the ages that have gone? And where, behind me, are the coming generations? I think of heaven and earth, without limit, without end, And I am all alone and my tears fall down.

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