完整word版2019 2020年高考英语语法专题复习讲义必备句型全归纳
年高考英语语法专题复习讲义必备句型全归纳2019-2020 1.as soon as…一…就…= directly / immediately / instantly…
= the second / the minute / the moment / the instant…
Eg. He came around to see me as soon as / the moment/ immediately he checked in
the hotel.
他刚一入住宾馆就来看我.
They informed us the news immediately / directly they got it.
他们一得到消息就通知了我们.
The policeman came to the spot the moment / the instant / the minute she heard of
the accident.一听说事故,这位警察就到了现场.
2.….before….
(1). 没来得及…就…
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
他还没有来得及冲进房间把孩子就出来,房顶就塌了.
He ran off before I could stop him.
To my great disappointment , my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with him.
(2).过了多久才怎么样,动作进行到什么程度才怎样
They walked about thirty miles to the west before they saw a village.
They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.
Three years passed before I knew it.
3.It was + 时间段+ before….过了多久才…. ;
It was not long before…不久就…
It will ( not ) be + 时间段+ before …要过多久( 不久)…..才…..
Eg. It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.
It was three years before he came back.
It will be half a year before you graduate from this school.
4. no sooner …than…= hardly…when…一…就…., 刚刚…就…
No sooner / hardly + 过去完成时,than / when + 一般过去时
如果no sooner, hardly 位于句首, 主句要倒装.
He had hardly sat down to have a rest when the door bell rang and in came Allan.
No sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him.
Hardly had we arrived when she started crying to go home.
5. once 一旦…., 表示时间和条件
Once you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.
Once you have decided to do something, you should do it well.
Once you enter the chemistry lab, you should follow the teacher's instructions.
6. since …自从….以来
Since 引导的从句不论是延续性或非延续性动词, 都表示的是动作或状态的完成或结束.
注意一下句子翻译:
)
…Since he lived in Nanjing, I have not heard from him. (= since he left Nanjing 自从他离开南京以来,我没有收到过他的信.
Since she was in Yangzhou, she has kept in touch with her former friends. ( since she
left Yangzhou…)
她离开扬州以来,一直同过去的朋友保持着联系.
对比:
1). I have never seen him since he was ill.
他病好后,我就再也没有见到他.
2). I have never seen him since he fell ill.
他生病以后我就再也没有见过他.
It is / ( has been ) + 时间段+ since + 过去式
It is / has been two years since his father died.
= his father has been dead for two years. = his father died two years ago.
他的父亲去世两年了.
It has been 8 years since I graduated from university.
= I graduated from university 8 years ago.
It is 3 years since he smoked. 他三年不吸烟了.(即,从句动词延续性的,译成否定意义;从句动词非延续性的,译成肯定意义.)
It is 3 years since he left school.-----他毕业三年了.
7….until…直到…时候; not…until…直到…才…
You are to stay here until / till your mother es back.
The meeting was put off until ten o'clock.
Not until we watched the Earth Day program on TV did we know much about global warning.
= We did not know much about global warning until we watched the Earth Day program.
= It was not until we watched the Earth Day program on TV that we knew much about global warming.
Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing
puter games.
8. …when…引导并列分句, “当时,突然”,强调另一动作的突然发生.
One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. Chuck survived the crash and landed on a deserted island.
I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help.
I was about to leave when it began to rain.
对比: A: I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
B: I was walking along the streets. Just at that moment I caught sight of a tailor's
shop.
9. while = although尽管
While I admit that the problem is difficult, I don't think that it can't be solved.
While I admit his good points, I can see his shortings.
While I was angry with her, I didn't lose my temper.
10. where 地点状语
You should put the book where it was.
Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Where men are greedy, there is never peace.
Go where you should, keep on studying.
11. as 引导的行为方式状语从句.
Please do exactly as your doctor says.
You must do the exercises just as I show you
As it is = as things are照现在的情形看
He promised to study hard, but as it is , he does no better than before.
Leave the house as it is. I'd like to buy it as it is.
12. as if ( as though ) 好像
He looked at me as if I were mad.
He was in great trouble, but he acted if / though nothing had happened.
Although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they had been friends for
many years.
There many black clouds in the sky. It looks as if it is going to rain.
13. though, although, as “虽然”, 引导让步状语从句.
Although位于句首; though 位于句首或句中;as位于句中= though = that, 它的词序是把句中强调的形容词,副词,动词或名词放在连词前. 注意观察下列句式变化:
Although / Though I'm young, I already know what career I want to follow.
= Young as / though / that I am, I already know what career I want to follow.
Although I respect him very much, I can not agree with his idea.
= Much as / that / though I respect him, I can not agree with his idea.
Although / though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
= Child as / though / that he is , he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
Although he tried, he couldn't solve the problem.
= Try as he might, he couldn't solve the problem.
Although it is raining, I am going out for a walk.
= Raining as it is, I am going out for a walk.
14. even if = even though 即使…也…; 即便…也…
Even if / though I have to sell my house, I'll keep my business going.
She won't attend such parties even though/ if she is invited.
You are not stupid. Even though/ if you were slow in study, you shouldn't give up studies.
The boy was badly injured and died at last. Even if he had been attended without
delay,
he couldn't have been saved.
15. whether…or…不管…还是…
Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned.
Whether he drives or takes the train, he will be here on time.
Any person, whether young or old, has his worth, independent of achievements, bank accounts or looks.
16. 疑问词+ ever
Whatever ,whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whoever均引导让步状语从句,.
连用what, who, which, when, where, how与no matter 相当于
Whatever ( = No matter what ) may happen, we shall not lose hope.
Whoever / No matter who es, he will be wele.
Whenever / No matter when it happened, it was certainly not yesterday.
Wherever / No matter where he went, he made friends with people.
17. unless 除非,如果不(= if…not)
I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.
------Shall Tom go and play football?
------Not unless he has finished his homework.
Unless the sun were to rise in the west, I wouldn ' t break my word.
I won' t attend his birthday party unless invited (= unless I am invited)
年高考英语语法专题复习讲义独立主格结构2019-2020（一）：独立主格的概念
“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。（二）：独立主格的功能
“独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限制性状语从句。众所周知非限制性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。而有些非限制性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句不发生关系，因此成为独立主格结构。其实，虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如：
1) 表示时间
The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。
2）表示条件
The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。
3）表示原因
There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
4）表示伴随情况
Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导
体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors,
and silver is the best of all.)
（三）：独立主格结构的构成：
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；
名词(代词)+形容词；
副词；)+代词(名词
名词(代词)+名词
名词(代词)+不定式；
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
（四）独立主格结构的特点：
(1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即逻辑主语为动作执行者。
3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例：（一）
1) 名词/代词+形容词
The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding
them.
It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open.
2）名词/代词+现在分词
Winter ing, it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散步。
The question being settled, we wound up the meeting. 问题解决之后，我们结束了会议。
3）名词/代词+过去分词
“Marquis,”said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide, and his right hand raised.
4）名词/代词（主格）+不定式
We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven.
我们十点四十五分集合，队伍十一点准时出发。
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to e out next month. 这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。
We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor. 我们进行了分工，他擦窗户，我扫地。
The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his
friend's. 两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。
5）名词/代词+介词短语
I followed him here, climbed in, sword in hand.
The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
He sat at the table, coat off, head down, and pen in hand.
6）名词/代词+副词
Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away.
Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinking.
7）名词/代词+名词
he fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。
（二）
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后，我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆
2. With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raised【raising亦可】.
使用独立主格四点注意：
1.独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：After class was over (=Class being
over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。
(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。
(2)在There being＋名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered
the classroom, with a book in his hand.
4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。(比较动名词复合结构。)
独立主格结构的用法
独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
1. 用作时间状语：The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home.
工作完成后，我们就回家了。
2. 用作条件状语：Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing
to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。
3. 用作原因状语：An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important
lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。．
4. 用作伴随状语：He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and
his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
5.表示补充说明：We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。
*注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with 来引导。由于本句中名词手与分词绑是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题：
当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，用现在分词表主动，用过去分词表被动。
He lay there, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
他握着拳头，眼睛直视地躺在那儿。
解析：拳头被握所以用过去分词表被动，眼睛直视是主动的所以用现在分词表示来修饰。
注意：不可断章取义地根据动词是否为及物动词来判断是否采用过去分词或现在分词！
典型例题：
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted
B permitting
C permits
D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。
独立主格结构妙题赏析
请看下面一道题：
Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing
chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its
B. whose
C. which
D. that
【分析】此题很容易误选B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上
高考英语特殊句式精编版
高考英语特殊句式公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-
高考英语特殊句式 2012,11，28 一．强调句型：“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋原句其他部分”。被强调的部分为“人”时用who/that，否则都用that。注意：被强调部分不能是谓语动词。 It was on Monday night that all this happened. It’s me who he blamed. It was what you did that made me satisfied. It is I who/that am in charge of the factory. 【考点一】考查not ... until 结构的强调句，其结构为It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分。 ①It ______ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ______ I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasn’t until; when D. wasn’ t until; that 【考点二】考查复合句中的强调句型 ②Was it _____ he was seriously ill that he didn’t come to school yesterday? ③______ he came back home that we knew what had happened. A. When it was B. It was when C. Was it when D. When was 【考点三】考查强调句的特殊疑问句
最新高考英语语法知识讲解(完整版)
高考英语语法知识讲解 (名师详细讲解语法+配套实战练习，零基础也可以学 好英语，建议下载保存) (绝对精品文档，价值很高，值得下载打印收藏) (每天背诵提高英语语感。零基础学英语，每天进步一 点点！)
第一讲座：名词---基础篇 一、名词的复数： 1. 名词变复数的规则形式： 1). 一般情况下直接加s：book------books cup-----cups 2). 以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es： city-------cities family-----families 3). 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es： bus-----buses wish------wishes watch------watches 4). 以o结尾的多数加S 初中阶段只有三个单词加es： tomato-----tomatoes potato------potatoes hero-----heroes Negroes 5). 以f、fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变v 再加es： leaf----leaves self---selves shelf----shelves life----lives thief---thieves 2. 少数名词的复数形式是不规则的： man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice 3. 单数和复数形式相同： deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 4. 某国人的复数： 1). 中、日不变：Chinese----Chinese Japanese---Japanese 2). 英、法变：Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen 3).其余s加后面：American-----Americans German----Germans Australian---Australians 二、不可数名词： 1. 不可数名词： 1). 不能直接用数字表数量；2). 不能直接加a或an；3). 没有复数形式； 4). 可用some、any、lots of、plenty of、much 修饰；5). 可用“量词短语”表示； 2. 不可数名词的数量的表示方法：a / 数字+ 量词+ of + 不可数名词： a piece of paper a cup of tea a glass of milk 三、名词的所有格： 1. ’s 所有格：
高考英语语法必考知识点
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高中英语特殊句式练习题
……○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………学校 :_ _ __ _ __ _ __ _姓 名：_ _ __ _ __ _ __ _班 级：_ _ __ _ __ _ __ _考 号：_ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ … … ○ … … … … 内 … … … … ○ … … …… 装 … … … …○ … … … … 订 … … … … ○ … ………线…………○…………高中英语特殊句式练习题 1．Word came ______ our duties would be changed. A. that B. which C. whether D. when 2．Every year a great number of foreign tourists pay a visit to _____ we Chinese call Heaven Lake. A. where B. which C. what D. that 3．A warm thought suddenly came to me ______ I might use the picket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which 4．When ________ questions in class, one should answer them as clearly as possible. A ．asking B ．to ask C ．to be asked D ．asked 5．It is the first time that we ________ a film in the cinema together as a family ． A ．see B. had seen C ．saw D ．have seen 7．After the exam, my teacher told me that failure ____ the mother of success. A. was B. is C. be D. been 8．It was only when I reread his poems recently ______ I began to appreciate their beauty. A. that B. until C. then D. so 10．Our teacher said to us that the earth _________ around the sun. A. travelled B. travels C. is traveling D. was traveling 12．The Frenchman pointed to the spoon and asked me ＿＿＿to call that in Chinese. A. whether B. where C. which D. what 13．—Dock doesn't know much about computers. — . A.So he did B.So does Mary C.Neither do I D.Nor will Mary 14．Before I left home, my mother taught me ________some simple dishes, such as noodles and garlic with vegetables. A. what cooking B. how cooking C. what to cook D. how to cook 15．Making great efforts to struggle hard in your study ，if ______，will possibly lead to your great success in the college entrance exam next year. A. continued B ．to continue C ．continues D ．continuing 16．It was many years ____ American women were given the rights to vote. A. when B. since C. before D. as 17．Don’t worry ！There is still a great chance we can make up for the lost time. A ．which B ．that C ．where D ．when 18．Her last book sold five million copies and we hope this one will be ＿＿＿＿popular. A. so B. as C. such D. much 19．--- Will you waste your time and money on that? --- Certainly ________. A. I not B. don’t C. not D. no 20．______, I suppose, and the housing problems for the low-income families could be solved. A. If you double your efforts B. To make some more efforts
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江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
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2020年高考英语语法必考考点（14） 特殊句型 【考点解读】 一、倒装 “倒装句”从结构上看有完全倒装和部分倒装两种。谓语动词全部位于主语之前的称作完全倒装；只将谓语的一部分(通常是助动词或情态动词)放在主语之前的称作部分倒装。 从实际使用看，倒装有两种功能作用：一是出于语法要求的语法倒装；二是出于修辞或强调需要的修辞倒装。 (一)完全倒装 1. 表示方式或方位的副词与介词短语等置于句首时。常见的有：there, here, in, out, away, up, down, from, off, back, over, then, now, so, thus, in the room, on the wall等。 There exist different opinions on this question. Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. *当主语为代词时主谓不倒装。试比较： Out rushed the children. Out they rushed. 2. such置于句首时。 Such are the facts, and no one can deny them. 3. 表语置于句首时。 Gone are the days when my heart was young and happy. (二)部分倒装
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